Untitled Quiz

Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 5

• Course Goals and Objectives:
  • Definitions related to pharmacy (scope of pharmacy)
  • Pharmacy education
  • History of different pharmacy civilizations
  • Role of pharmacists in society
  • Drug and dosage forms
  • Different routes of administration
  • Pharmacy careers
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Different parts of prescriptions

History of Pharmacy

• Ancient Egyptian Period (3000 B.C.):

  • Experts in using drugs for curing diseases
  • Priests acted as doctors and pharmacists
  • Prepared medicines from biological sources (plant and animal origin)

• Mesopotamian Formula (772 B.C.):

  • Babylonian medicine known through written tablets (Laws of Hammurabi)
  • Formulas contained 250 plant and 180 animal-based materials
  • Mixed with honey or water before administration

• Old Indian Medicine (2000 B.C.):

  • Aim was to prolong human life
  • Drugs obtained from pure religious individuals using plant materials
  • Fresh plants gathered from fertile soil, washed, and sun-dried were considered more effective

• Old Chinese Medicines (1000 B.C.):

  • Known for acupuncture and herbal medicine
  • Believed each disease needed a specific drug from nature
  • Used suppositories, ointments, and dry powders from plant and animal origins

• The Greek and Romans:

  • Hippocrates (466 B.C.) was familiar with numerous drugs and wrote Corpus Hippocraticum
  • Alexander the Great helped increase the number of drugs
  • Dioscorides first described many drugs; his Greek Herbal included 5,000 medical plants plus animal and mineral drugs

• Islamic Contribution:

  • Added scientific terms like "Kemia"

  • Abu al Hassan Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine considered the best

  • Dawood El-Antaki's "Prescription of Daoud"

  • Al-Buiruni contributed to pharmacy and medical materials

  • Abou Bakr Al Razi ("Father of Arabic Medicine") wrote 224 books, including "The Secret of Secrets"

  • Cohen El Attar's "The Plan of the Shop and Book of the Rich" described 25 chapters on dosage forms

  • El Magousy's El Maleky included essays on anatomy

  • El Kindy's Karbedin described many diseases and preparations

  • Al Zahrawi was among the first to tie arteries to stop bleeding

  • Ibn Al-Bitar, a herbalist, wrote many books like:

    • The Collective for Medicine and Food
    • The Ample in Simple Drugs