Pharmaceutical Botany.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL - The cell theory is one of the foundational tenets of BOTANY biology and explains the relationship between cells WHAT IS BOTANY?...

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL - The cell theory is one of the foundational tenets of BOTANY biology and explains the relationship between cells WHAT IS BOTANY? and living things. Branch of biology which deals with the structure, Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory: physiology, reproduction, evolution, diseases, economic uses, and other features of plants. 1. All organisms consist of one or more cells. The term Botany is derived from the Greek word “botaun” 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms. which means grass, pastures, or fodders. 3. Cell form by spontaneous generation (disproved, no true basis). BRIEF HISTORY OF BOTANY MAJOR FIELDS OF BOTANY Ancient Period - Man discovered the early use of plants as medicine. Plant Morphology - Study of the physical form and - Indians in America are called root collectors or structure of plants. “rhizotomoi” and drug vendors or “pharmacopolai”. a. Gross Anatomy - Study of the structures and organs of organisms as they can be seen without the aid of Medieval Period microscopes. - Little progress in the scientific study of plants. b. Plant Histology - Focuses on the microscopic - Mostly superstitions and mythology. structure of plant tissues. - “Herbals” = Chief Botanical Books c. Plant Anatomy - Focuses on the internal and external - “Herbalists” = Botanists structure of plants. - “Caesalpine” = 1st organized system of classification d. Plant Cytology - Study of plant cells, including their structure, function, and processes. Plant Embryology - Studies the development of plant embryos from fertilization to the formation of a mature seed. Plant Physiology - Study of how plants function, including the physical and biochemical processes that occur within them (eg. photosynthesis, respiration, growth and Modern Period development, etc). - Thousands of new plants were discovered, making it essential to systematically organize, arrange, and Taxonomy/Systemic Botany - Taxonomy deals with the name them. classification and naming of plants, while systemic botany - Carolus Linnaeus founded the binomial system of integrates this with the study of plant evolution and nomenclature, which is a method used in biology to relationships. name and classify organisms. Each species has a two-part scientific name, the genus (1st) and the PLANT ECOLOGY species identifier (2nd). Plant ecology is the study of the interactions between plants Sugarcane: and their: Saccharum officinarum (Generic name) (Specific name) 1. Environment 2. Other organisms NOTABLE CONTRIBUTORS TO THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY 3. Climate 4. Soil Marcelo Malpighi - The “Father of Microscopical 5. Human influences Anatomy”, known for his work on the microscopic internal structure of plants. 6. Plant genetics Von Mohl - Made significant advancements on the concept of protoplasm within plant cells. 7. Plant Pathology/Phytopathology - Protoplasm refers to the living structure of a cell, - Fungi (e.g. rusts, smuts, blights) encompassing both the cytoplasm, which contains - Bacteria various organelles and structures, and the nucleus. - Nematodes Robert Brown - Discovered nuclei or nucleus and the - Phytoplasma observation of Brownian Motion, which is the erratic - Oomycetes movement of particles in a fluid, a phenomenon later explained by molecular kinetic theory. 8. Plant Teratology - Study of the abnormal growth and Caspar Friedrich Wolff - “Theory of epigenesis or plant development of plants development”. - Structural deformation Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - - Growth irregularities Credited for formulating the cell theory. - Color abnormalities 9. Plant Geography/Phytogeography 10. Geologic Botany/Phytopaleontology 11. Economic or Applied Botany a. Pharmaceutic Botany b. Agricultural Botany c. Horticulture d. Forestry e. Plant Breedings 12. Specialized Branches of Botany a. Algology b. Mycology c. Bacteriology d. Bryology e. Dendrology f. Olericulture g. Pomology h. Floriculture