Personality Disorders PDF

Page 1 out of 4 | Leodigary’s Notes PERSONALITY DISORDERS Individuals with STPD may have peculiar Personality Disorders are an enduring pattern of or unconventional beliefs and inner experience and behavior that deviates...

Page 1 out of 4 | Leodigary’s Notes PERSONALITY DISORDERS Individuals with STPD may have peculiar Personality Disorders are an enduring pattern of or unconventional beliefs and inner experience and behavior that deviates superstitions. markedly from the expectations of the individual’s They often experience discomfort in social culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset situations and may have difficulty forming in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable and maintaining close relationships. overtime, and leads to distress or impairment. Some individuals with STPD may have perceptual distortions, such as unusual CLUSTER A: Odd or Eccentric Behavior sensory experiences or magical thinking. Cluster A personality disorders are characterized It's important to differentiate STPD from by odd or eccentric behavior, thinking, and schizophrenia, as the latter is a more communication. These disorders can lead to severe and debilitating mental disorder. significant difficulties in forming and maintaining interpersonal relationships and can cause Overall, Cluster A personality disorders are distress to the individuals themselves and those marked by their unusual and idiosyncratic around them. There are three main personality behaviors and thought patterns. Treatment disorders in Cluster A: typically involves psychotherapy and, in some cases, medication to manage associated Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): symptoms like anxiety or depression. Early Key features include extreme distrust and intervention and support can help individuals with suspicion of others, even when there is no these disorders lead more fulfilling lives and evidence to support these suspicions. improve their social functioning. Individuals with PPD are often hypersensitive to perceived slights or Common betrayals and are quick to become Personality Traits and defensive. Disorder Key Features Behaviors They tend to be very guarded and may have difficulty confiding in others. - Extreme - This distrust can lead to social isolation distrust and Hypersensitivit suspicion of y to perceived and strained relationships. others. slights. Paranoid Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD): - Quick to - Difficulty Personality Individuals with SPD have a pervasive become confiding in Disorder pattern of detachment from social defensive. others. relationships and a limited range of - Tendency emotional expression. toward social They often prefer solitude and may have isolation. little interest in forming close relationships, including romantic ones. - Detachment - Limited While they may have a rich inner world, from social emotional they have difficulty sharing their thoughts relationships. expression. and emotions with others. - Lack of It's important to note that having SPD Schizoid - Preference for interest in doesn't necessarily mean an individual Personality solitude. close has schizophrenia, but there can be some Disorder relationships. overlap in symptoms. - Difficulty sharing Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD): thoughts and STPD is characterized by eccentric emotions. beliefs, behaviors, and thought patterns.  Page 2 out of 4 | Leodigary’s Notes HPD is characterized by a pattern of - Eccentric - Discomfort in seeking attention and being overly beliefs and social behaviors. situations. emotional and dramatic. Individuals with HPD may engage in Schizotypal - Unusual - Difficulty attention-seeking behaviors, such as Personality thought forming close being overly seductive or provocative. Disorder patterns. relationships. They often have shallow relationships and are easily influenced by others. - Perceptual - Magical HPD individuals may be uncomfortable distortions (in thinking or odd when they are not the center of attention. some cases). beliefs. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD): CLUSTER B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic NPD is characterized by an excessive Behavior sense of self-importance, a need for Cluster B personality disorders are characterized admiration, and a lack of empathy for by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior. others. Individuals with these disorders often struggle Individuals with NPD often have a with impulse control, emotional regulation, and grandiose sense of their own abilities and maintaining stable relationships. There are four achievements. main personality disorders in Cluster B: They may be preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success and power. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD): In relationships, they can be exploitative ASPD is characterized by a pervasive and expect special treatment. disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy. Individuals with Cluster B personality disorders Individuals with ASPD may engage in often face challenges in maintaining healthy behaviors such as deceit, manipulation, relationships and managing their emotions and impulsivity, and a history of legal impulses. Treatment typically involves problems. psychotherapy, particularly dialectical behavior They may have a pattern of disregarding therapy (DBT) for BPD, and sometimes social norms and the rights of others, medication to manage symptoms like depression which can lead to criminal behavior. or anxiety. Early intervention and therapy can help People with ASPD often have a superficial individuals with these disorders improve their charm that they use to manipulate others. emotional regulation and interpersonal skills. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Common Traits BPD is characterized by unstable mood, Disorder Key Features and Behaviors self-image, and interpersonal relationships. - Disregard for - Deceit, Individuals with BPD often experience others' rights manipulation, intense and rapidly shifting emotions, and feelings. and impulsivity. leading to impulsive behavior and - Frequent legal self-harm. Antisocial - Lack of problems and They may have a fear of abandonment, Personalit empathy or irresponsible which can lead to clinginess or frantic y Disorder remorse. behavior. efforts to avoid real or perceived rejection. BPD can be marked by a chronic sense of - History of - Superficial emptiness and identity disturbance. aggression and charm and violation of charisma. societal norms. Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD):  Page 3 out of 4 | Leodigary’s Notes Individuals with AvPD often have low - Unstable mood, - Intense fear of self-esteem and view themselves as self-image, abandonment socially inept or inferior. and and rejection. They desire social connections but are relationships. inhibited by their intense fear of negative judgment. Borderline - Identity - Impulsive & This disorder can lead to social isolation Personalit disturbance and self-destructive and loneliness. y Disorder chronic behaviors. emptiness. Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD): - Intense and - Frequent DPD is marked by an excessive need to rapid self-harm or be taken care of and a fear of being left to emotional suicidal fend for oneself. shifts. behaviors. Individuals with DPD often rely heavily on - Excessive - Shallow and others for decision-making and daily tasks, attention-seeki rapidly shifting even to the detriment of their own ng behavior. emotions. independence. They may have difficulty expressing - Discomfort disagreement or making decisions Histrionic - Provocative when not the Personalit and seductive independently. center of y Disorder behavior. DPD can lead to unhealthy, codependent attention. relationships. - Often - Difficulty with dramatic and genuine, deep Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder impressionable relationships. (OCPD): OCPD is characterized by a preoccupation - Grandiose - Belief in one's with orderliness, perfectionism, and sense of unique talents control. self-importanc and entitlement. Individuals with OCPD may be overly e. focused on rules, lists, and work to the Narcissisti - Lack of extent that it interferes with their ability to - Need for c empathy and complete tasks. excessive Personalit exploitative admiration. They often have difficulty delegating tasks y Disorder behavior. and may be seen as controlling or rigid by - Fragile - Envious of others. self-esteem others' success OCPD is distinct from underneath the and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), facade. achievements. which involves intrusive, distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviors. In OCPD, the focus is on perfectionism and CLUSTER C: Anxious or Fearful Behavior control rather than obsessions and Cluster C personality disorders are characterized compulsions. by anxious and fearful behavior. Individuals with these disorders often experience high levels of People with Cluster C personality disorders may anxiety and tend to be preoccupied with concerns experience significant distress and impairment in related to security, control, and social acceptance. their daily lives due to their anxiety-driven behaviors. Treatment typically involves Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD): psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral AvPD is characterized by a pervasive fear therapy (CBT) or exposure therapy, to help of rejection, criticism, or disapproval, individuals confront and manage their anxieties. which leads to avoidance of social Medication may also be prescribed to alleviate interactions and situations. symptoms of anxiety or depression that often  Page 4 out of 4 | Leodigary’s Notes accompany these disorders. Early intervention and therapeutic support can help individuals with Cluster C personality disorders improve their quality of life and relationships. Common Personality Key Traits and Disorder Features Behaviors Extreme fear Reluctance to of rejection, engage in new criticism, or social disapproval. situations. Avoidance of Avoidant social Hypersensitivity Personality interactions to negative Disorder due to evaluation. anxiety. Strong desire Fear of for social humiliation or connections, embarrassment. despite fear. Difficulty Excessive making need to be decisions taken care of. independently. Over-reliance Fear of being on others for Dependent left to fend for emotional and Personality oneself. practical Disorder support. Difficulty Submissive expressing and easily disagreement or influenced by asserting others. oneself. Preoccupatio Perfectionism n with and excessive orderliness attention to and control. detail. Obsessive-C ompulsive Inflexibility in Overemphasis Personality standards on work and Disorder and rules. productivity. (OCPD) Struggles with Difficulty adapting to delegating change and tasks. spontaneity.