Performance Instructions PDF

Performance Instructions Tempo Instructions Grave (20-40 BPM) Lento (40-60 BPM) Largo (40-60 BPM) - broadly Adagio (66-76 BPM) Andante (76-108 BPM) walking speed Moderato (108-120 BPM) Allegro (120-168 BPM) Presto (168-200 BPM) Changes of Tem...

Performance Instructions Tempo Instructions Grave (20-40 BPM) Lento (40-60 BPM) Largo (40-60 BPM) - broadly Adagio (66-76 BPM) Andante (76-108 BPM) walking speed Moderato (108-120 BPM) Allegro (120-168 BPM) Presto (168-200 BPM) Changes of Tempo Instructions Accelerando (getting faster gradually) Ritardando (getting slower gradually) Rallentando (getting slower gradually) Rubato (robbed time) Dynamic Instructions Pianissimo – pp (very quiet) Piano – p (quiet) Mezzopiano – mp (moderately quiet) Mezzoforte – mf (moderately loud) Forte – f (loud) Fortissimo – ff (very loud) Changes of Dynamics Instructions Crescendo – cresc. Decrescendo – decresc. Diminuendo – dim. Articulations Staccato (short) Legato (smoothly) Marcato (marked) Tenuto (hold for the whole length of the duration) Other Fermata (hold as long as taste allows) A tempo (return to previous tempo for example after a ritardando) Da capo (from the beginning) o Da capo al segno (from the beginning to the sign) o Da capo al fine (from the beginning to the fine) Repeat signs o 1st and 2nd repeat Cantabile (in a singing style) Doloroso (sorrowfully) Espressivo (expressively) Con Fuoco (with fire) Vivace (lively) Giocoso (joyfully) Systems (a number of staves belonging together) o Staff (5 lines on which music is notated) o Bar numbers (indicate the bar for finding positions in the score) Open Score – Each part has their own staff Closed Score – Parts share a staff (to save paper and page turns) e.g. Soprano and Alto on 1 staff with Tenor and Bass on a second staff.