MUSIC 4 Popular Music and Music Performance Lesson 2.1 PDF

PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Subject Code: MUSIC 4 Popular Music and...

PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Subject Code: MUSIC 4 Popular Music and Music Performance Learning Guide Code: 2.0 Experimentalism Lesson Code: 2.1 Futurism and Extended Techniques Time Limit: 30 minutes TA ATA (in (in Components Tasks minute minute s) s) Target After completing Lesson 2.1 of this learning guide, you are expected to; 1 describe futurism and extended techniques in 20th century music min. which are used to embrace the world of noise through watching and listening attentively to video clips. Hook John Cage, in his The Future of Music: Credo (1937), wrote “Whereas 3 in the past, the point of disagreement has been between dissonance and mins. consonance, it will be, in the immediate future, between noise and so- called musical sounds.” (Burtner, 2005) What did John Cage mean when he wrote this? LISTEN / WATCH: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjPzx07eC8I “L. Anderson “Concerto for typewriter with orchestra” What is one thing unusual with this performance? Answer: Right! Typewriters! The video is entitled L. Anderson "Concerto for typewriter with orchestra" \\\Show group of drummers MALAYA OHTA Typewriters with the orchestra? Welcome to the world of music and machines! Ignite MUSIC OF THE LATE 20TH CENTURY 12 Since the 20th century began, many significant historical and political mins. events have taken place, including the two world wars. Due to these disturbances, composers took many different directions, including new forms of musical expressions. And so, following the lead given by innovative composers like Debussy, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky, some composers during the late 20th Century started to write music that was even more daringly different. Music 4 | Page 1 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM EXPERIMENTALISM “Experimentalism is the exploration of previously unknown aspects of musical sound.” (Palada, 2017, p.25). “Many composers brought the noise of modern industry directly into the orchestra.” (Burtner, 2005) Thus, creating entirely new sounds. FUTURISM IN MUSIC What is futurism? It is music that “rejected tradition and introduced experimental sounds inspired by machinery and influenced several 20th-century composers.” (Futurism in Architecture & Music and Literature, 2015, cyberarts304.wordpress.co, para 3) Characteristics of Futurism:  rejects forms of Western Classical Music.  imitates or is inspired by machines. Luigi Russolo (1885-1947) designed and built intonarumori which are noise-generating machines. “Each of these peculiar-looking devices consisted of a large horn attached to a box containing a complicated collection of metal plates, gears and strings with which it was possible to produce any one Fig. 1: Luigi Russolo of a wide range of bizarre noises.” (Lee, 2017, para 10) ca. 1916. (2005, January 8) Retrieved August 26, 2020 from en.wikipedia.org. Fig. 2: Orchestra-degli-Intonarumori. (2013, December 13) Retrieved August 27, 2020 from iicsanfrancisco.esteri.it. Music 4 | Page 2 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM LISTEN / WATCH: The Futurist Intonarumori by Russolo – 2 NOTE: Watch this video until 1:38 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbbmPD7NuDY “The Futurist Intonarumori by Russolo 2” What machine/s are included in the following musical pieces?  Ballet Mécanique (George Antheil) _ Ictus Ensemble NOTE: Watch this video from 0:17 until 4:51 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR9Qg7YVHaU “Ballet Macanique (George Antheil)_Ictus Ensemble” The musical score of the 30-minute Ballet Mécanique included three airplane propellers and a siren. “Antheil's piece was the first to synchronize machines with human players and to exploit the difference between what machines and humans can play.” (Futurism in Architecture & Music and Literature, 2015, cyberarts304.wordpress.co, para 6)  Mosolov: The Iron Foundry (1927) NOTE: Watch this next video from 0: 06 until 3:43 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQysf5UNSys “Mosolov: Iron Foundry 1927” Alexander Mosolov used a rattling iron sheet all throughout this piece. This next video incorporated a syncopated clock in the orchestra.  Syncopated Clock by Leroy Anderson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_p-6Fg6OT54 “Syncopated Clock” Navigate INSTRUMENTAL EXTENDED TECHNIQUES 13 In this world of noise, traditional instruments like the piano and the minu violin, are being played in unfamiliar ways. tes Music 4 | Page 3 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM The “art of instrumental noises was achieved by the so- called instrumental extended techniques.” This “require the performer to use an instrument in a manner outside of traditionally established norms.” (Burtner, 2005) The piano was leading this trend, but let’s first take a look at the string instruments. EXTENDED TECHNIQUES FOR STRINGS It is not an extended technique when musicians pluck the strings of a violin. Tapping the body of the violin is. It is also not an extended technique playing the violin with a mute. Attaching tinfoil to the bridge is. Fig.3: Gewa, from thestringzone.co.uk LISTEN / WATCH: "Polymorphia for 48 stringed instruments". NOTE: Start watching from 3:49. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwImX18AS_E Burtner, in his Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Experimentalism from newmusicbox.org., enumerated the techniques. “Extended bowing techniques include  bowing on the bridge,  behind the bridge,  on the fingerboard,  bowing with the wood (col legno),  bouncing the bow (jete),  striking the wood (col legno battuto).” The piece, Polymorphia (1961), “demonstrates many of these techniques.” Music 4 | Page 4 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM EXTENDED TECHNIQUES FOR PIANO Burtner, in his Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Experimentalism, also enumerated some of the piano techniques of American composer Henry Cowell.  Massive clusters in the left arm in his Tides of Manaunaun (1915) Fig. 4: Henry Cowell. from Encylopaedia Britannica LISTEN / WATCH: Shi-An Costello plays Henry Cowell - The Tides of Manaunaun (1917). NOTE: Watch from 1:02 until 2:25 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb4LIN35tfc  Cowell’s techniques, in bringing the performer inside the piano, includes strumming the strings like a harp, plucking them like a violin, or scraping them. Henry Cowell - Aeolian Harp. NOTE: Watch this video from 0:15 to 1:13 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L10DlNK-6Io  and “creating harmonics from the string fundamentals by lightly touching nodes on the instrument.” Henry Cowell - Sinister Resonance (1930). NOTE: Watch this video from 1:04 to 2:27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIZ5vt6a6Uc Henry Cowell created a new instrument from the piano in these pieces. Curtis Otto Bimark Curtis-Smith developed “the technique of bowing the piano by using flexible bows made of monofilament nylon line.” (C. Curtis-Smith, n.d. from ebmarks.com) Fig.5: C. Curtis-Smith.from www.ebmarks.com Music 4 | Page 5 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Curtis-Smith Rhapsodies mvt 4 clip 1a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haIDJ-rxJV8 THE PREPARED PIANO The prepared piano was invented by John Cage in 1938 “filling it with a multitude of small objects that clank, thud, buzz, clink, and click when excited. The intended and audible effect is a piano with the sound of an infinitely variable percussion orchestra.” (Burtner, 2005, para 7) Fig. 6: John Cage. from en.wikipedia.org John Cage - Sonata II (from Sonatas and Interludes) - Inara Ferreira, prepared piano. NOTE: Watch this video until 0:49 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xObkMpQqUy U What have you noticed about the piano? What happened to its sound? How to Prepare a Piano with Stephen Drury. NOTE: Watch this video from 2:21 to 5:01 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myXAUEuECqQ Knot “Ancient life was all silence. With the invention of the machine, noise 1 was born. Today, noise triumphs and reigns supreme over the minu sensibilities of men.” – Luigi Russolo (Pearson, K. 2017, Aug 15) te What is futurism? It is “music that rejected tradition and introduced experimental sounds inspired by machinery.” (Futurism in Architecture & Music and Literature, 2015) What are extended techniques? “Extended techniques require the performer to use an instrument in a manner outside of traditionally established norms. Noise has been embraced into the fabric of instrumental music.” (Burtner, 2005) Prepared by: Reviewed by: JONA JOY G. PALADA SHARON T. TUBIDA Position: Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) III Special Science Teacher (SST) II Campus: Campus: PSHS-SMC PSHS-WVC Music 4 | Page 6 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM REFERENCES: Burtner, M. (2005, March 1). MAKING NOISE: EXTENDED TECHNIQUES AFTER EXPERIMENTALISM. Retrieved from newmusicbox.org: http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/making-noise-extended-techniques-after- experimentalism/ C. Curtis-Smith, n.d. Retrieved from ebmarks.com: https://www.ebmarks.com/composers/c-curtis- smith/ cyberarts304, (2015, May 25). Futurism in Architecture & Music and Literature. Retrieved from cyberarts304.wordpress.co: https://cyberarts304.wordpress.com/2015/05/25/futurism-in- architecture-music-and-literature/ Lee, A. (2017, December 12) The Art of Noises. Retrieved from historytoday.com: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/music-time/art-noises Palada, J. (2017). “Studies in Musical Style & Form: Post-Romantic to 20th Century.” A Workbook in Music (Grade 10). Philippines: Mega TEXTS Phil., Inc. Pearson, K. (2017, Aug 15). The Art of Noises, Revisited. Retrieved from kirkmakesthings.com: http://www.kirkmakesthings.com/the-21st-century-orchestra/2017/8/15/the-art-of-noises- revisited#:~:text=%E2%80%9CAncient%20life%20was%20all%20silence,one%20that%20hu mans%20actively%20invented. VIDEOS: Azusa Pacific Symphony, (2012, Dec 29). Mosolov: The Iron Foundry (1927). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQysf5UNSys BBC Radio 3, (2009, Aug 26) The Futurist Intonarumori by Russolo – 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbbmPD7NuDY Bongelli, F. (2015, Jan 18). Henry Cowell - Aeolian Harp. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L10DlNK-6Io Bongelli, F. (2013, Sep 9). Henry Cowell - Sinister Resonance (1930). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIZ5vt6a6Uc Dia V. (2016, March 20). L. Anderson "Concerto for typewriter with orchestra" \\\Show group of drummers MALAYA OHTA///. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjPzx07eC8I Inara Ferreira, (2012, Aug 31). John Cage - Sonata II (from Sonatas and Interludes) - Inara Ferreira, prepared piano. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xObkMpQqUyU Lieurance, B. (2013, Jan 16). Curtis-Smith Rhapsodies mvt 4 clip 1a. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haIDJ-rxJV8 New England Conservatory, (2011, Dec 23). How to Prepare a Piano with Stephen Drury. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myXAUEuECqQ Music 4 | Page 7 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM NINATEKA.PL, (2013, Dec 4). "Polymorphia for 48 stringed instruments". Retrieved Aug 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwImX18AS_E Plouvier, J. (2013, Apr 15). Ballet Mécanique (George Antheil) _ Ictus Ensemble. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR9Qg7YVHaU Trouble Chin, (2009, May 1). Shi-An Costello plays Henry Cowell - The Tides of Manaunaun (1917). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb4LIN35tfc ubemedia. (2007). Syncopated Clock. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_p- 6Fg6OT54 IMAGES: Fig. 1: Luigi Russolo ca. 1916. (2005, January 8) Retrieved August 26, 2020 from en.wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Russolo#/media/File:Luigi_Russolo_ca._1916.gif Fig. 2: Orchestra-degli-Intonarumori. (2013, December 13) Retrieved August 27, 2020 from iicsanfrancisco.esteri.it: https://iicsanfrancisco.esteri.it/iic_sanfrancisco/en/gli_eventi/calendario/orchestra-degli- intonarumori.html Fig. 3: Gewa, n.d. Violin/Viola Practice Mute by GEWA. Retrieved Aug 2020 from thestringzone.co.uk: https://www.thestringzone.co.uk/violinviola-practice-mute-by-gewa Fig. 4: Henry Cowell, n.d. Retrieved Aug 30 2020 from Encylopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/art/dulcimer#/media/1/141260/9673 Fig. 5: C. Curtis-Smith. n.d. Retrieved August 30, 2020 from ebmarks.com: https://www.ebmarks.com/composers/c-curtis-smith/ Fig.6: John Cage. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage Music 4 | Page 8 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.