PATHFIT I Module 1 PDF

**PATHFIT I ** Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness  **MODULE 1 ** **Legal Basis of Physical Education Subject ** [Article 14, Sec. 19 of 1987 Constitution] states that "the state shall promote physical education and encourage sports program league competitions and amateur sports, includ...

**PATHFIT I ** Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness  **MODULE 1 ** **Legal Basis of Physical Education Subject ** [Article 14, Sec. 19 of 1987 Constitution] states that "the state shall promote physical education and encourage sports program league competitions and amateur sports, including training for International competitions; to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry". "All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors".  [Republic Act No. 5708]: An Act Proving for the Promotions and Financing of an Integrated Physical Education and Sports Development Program for the Schools in the Philippines  Section 1. This Act shall be known as \"The Schools Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969.\"  Section 2. An integrated physical education and sports development program in all schools In the Philippines shall be undertaken by the Department of Education in accordance with the following guiding principles:  1\. The goal of physical education is to instill in young citizens a proper appreciation of the importance of physical development hand in hand with the mental development in individual and social activities;  2\. The sports and other activities in a physical education program should provide opportunities for the athletic development of children and youth who have the competitive spirit as well as grace, coordination, stamina and strength;  3\. A well-rounded physical education program must be addressed to physical growth, social training, and personal discipline for all pupils and students, as well as superior athletic achievement for those who are psychologically inclined and physically gifted; and  4\. An integrated program for sports development in the schools requires effective organizational planning and administration with provisions for adequate training facilities and sustained stable financing.  **Introduction to Physical Education (PATHFIT) ** [CHED Memorandum Order no. 39 series of 2021]: Policies, Standards and Guidelines on the Implementation of the Tertiary Physical Education: Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness (PATHFIT) Courses  The Tertiary Physical Education Program builds on the K to 12 PE Curriculum by serving as the cornerstone of physical activity promotion efforts for health, wellness and overall quality of life. It is more comprehensive as it encompasses physical activity (PA) learning experiences inside and outside of the class period, while providing coordinated opportunities for the students to engage in regular physical activities. Thus, PE shall consist of structured or formal instruction classes complemented by participation in physical activity-based clubs, intramural and extramural activities that support students in accessing, evaluating and making informed decisions about their own and others\' health, safety and wellness, and in achieving success from self-directed activities. As such, it will encompass opportunities for participation at all levels that range from fitness, play, and recreation to competition. These learning experiences affirm the learners\' adulthood and significantly shape their sense of identity.  The Tertiary Physical Education Program is thus, consonant to the new General Education curriculum (CHED Memorandum Order 20, series of 2013) and is in conformity to the constitutional mandate that \"the State shall promote physical education\...for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry\" (Article 14 Sec. 19). This CHED Memorandum Order, which consists of a set of minimum standards for all degree programs, applies to private and public higher education institutions in the country.  *Source: https://mimaropa.ched.gov.ph/ched-memorandum-order-no-39-series-of-2021/ * **Healthy and Fit Individual ** According to the World Health Organization health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.  Most people believe being healthy and being fit are one and the same. In reality, they can be separate states of physical being. You can be really fit, and not very healthy, and you can be very healthy and not very fit. The best benefits are found with trying to get a balance out of both sides, this requires us to identify the difference between fitness and health.  So let's define the difference. Health has been defined by the World Health Organisation as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It includes aging well, longevity, quality of life, freedom from pain etc.  Fitness, on the other hand, is defined as a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. Fitness is made up of many components, and these factors need to be considered when discussing fitness levels.  *Source: https://opt.net.au/optimum-life/difference-fitness-and-health/ * **Physical Fitness ** Physical fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living. Being efficient means doing daily activities with the least effort possible. A fit person is able to perform schoolwork, meet home responsibilities, and still have enough energy to enjoy sport and other leisure activities. A fit person can respond effectively to normal life situations, such as raking leaves at home, stocking shelves at a part-time job, and marching in the band at school. A fit person can also respond to emergency situations - for example, by running to get help or aiding a friend in distress.  Source:  https://us.humankinetics.com/blogs/excerpt/what-is-physical-fitness?srsltid=AfmBOop\_Z8qEXeucRr9xze306tgMZrkEze-dcVvDCH8 ER1lYZgjbUUKX **Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness ** The health-related components of physical fitness can be a useful guide to help you achieve physical fitness and promote good health. They describe five areas to focus on in your fitness journey to ensure a well-rounded, active lifestyle.  **Cardiovascular endurance** is the ability to perform exercises at moderate-to-vigorous intensities for a prolonged period of time.  **Muscular strength** is about how much force your muscles can exert or how heavy weights they can lift.  **Muscular endurance** is the ability of your muscles to sustain exercise for a period of time.  **Flexibility** is the ability to move muscles and joints through a full range of motion.  **Body composition** refers to your body's ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass like muscle and bone.  Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness/health-related-components-of-fitness  **Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness ** Improving your overall fitness can help you engage in all sports and other forms of exercise. And if you\'re looking to improve your performance in a specific activity, you\'ll benefit most from skill-related fitness training that focuses on your activity of choice.  **Power** combines speed and strength. In essence, it\'s how fast you can generate a maximal force. In sports, powerful athletes exert brute strength in short, all-out efforts, such as Olympic weightlifters, football players, and gymnasts.  **Speed** is the ability of your body to move or travel fast in a short period. Applies to sports like swimming, cycling, or even sports like soccer and basketball.  **Agility** is the ability to move quickly and to easily change direction. Basketball players, for instance, are incredibly agile. They have to move in every direction, jumping, sliding, twisting, and backpedaling in quick response to the movement of the ball and other players. Their bodies have to be trained to respond and change course at the drop of a hat.  **Coordination** is required in many sports and activities. Well-honed hand-eye (or foot-eye) coordination, including badminton, golf, soccer, basketball, football, racquetball, archery, softball, ultimate Frisbee, and more. All require you to be able to see an external object and respond precisely with your hands and/or feet to meet a pre-determined objective.  **Balance** refers to your ability to adjust your body position to remain upright. It deals with proprioception, or knowing where your body is in space, and being able to make adjustments to your position as your center of gravity changes during movement. Jumping on a trampoline or rebounder, for example, can help improve your sense of balance.  **Reaction time** refers to how quickly you can respond to an external stimulus. Reaction time hinges heavily on your mind-body connection. Your eyes see a stimulus, your mind interprets the stimulus, and your body reacts to that interpretation.  **MODULE 2** **Introduction to Human Movement** Humans can move from one place to another through coordinated movements and postures. The movement produced by the human body due to the contraction of muscles and bending of bone joints is called human movement. Human movements are controlled by the nervous system. Hence, human movement incorporates the use of muscles, ligaments, joints, and bones. Kinesiology is the field that deals with the study of human movements. **Types of Movement** The movements that occur in the sagittal plane are as follows: Flexion, in which the angle reduces between two parts of the body. Extension, in which the angle increases between two parts of the body. When the angle increases too much, then the movement is known as hyperextension.  The movements occurring in the frontal plane include the following: Abduction is the movement in which the body parts move away from the midline. Adduction is the movement in which the body parts move towards the midline. The movement that occurs in the transverse plane is rotational. The rotation can be two types: Internal rotation causes the movement of a limb toward the midline. External rotation causes the movement of a limb away from the midline.  The other types of movement include: Circumduction involves the circular movement of one end of a body part while the other end remains stationary. The dorsiflexion is the movement at the ankle joint where the foot moves towards the leg. The plantarflexion involves the movement of the foot in which it points downwards. **Significance of Human Movement** Studying human enhancement gives us a better understanding of our body and its parts, functions, capabilities, and limitations. Having better knowledge about movement mechanisms, we become more efficient in doing our daily activities, P.E. classes, dance, and sports. It also prevents and treats injuries and it also helps to plan a diet to ensure a healthy lifestyle. **Movement Enhancement** Movement is a basic activity of a man. We start moving during conception and stop at death. Movement enhancement aims to teach the human movement and its benefits to the body's health and well-being. It is a guide to provide basic and sufficient knowledge how to perform various movements. **Movements According to the Stages of Life** Quickening refers to the baby's first movements inside the womb. It starts during the 16th to 24th week of pregnancy and signifies that the baby is alive and healthy. It can be a form of gentle kicks, flutter, swish or roll. After birth, the child learns to stretch and flex their arms and legs. Tonic neck reflex and sucking movements are also evident during this period. After a few months, the child can tumble, crawl, stand and walk. During childhood, movements become more complex and develop a wider range of motion, improve balance, and develop muscle strength, coordination, and endurance. They become more aware of adjusting their movements according to different situations. In adulthood, the complexity of different movements progresses and becomes more accurate and precise motor skills necessary to his/ her daily activities.