PATHFIT-3-Module-AY-2024-25 Physical Activities PDF

# Instructional Materials in PATHFIT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness ## 2021 Revision Prepared By: Orlando P. Agbu, MBA Instructor I ### Table of Contents - **Lesson 1: Badminton** - History and Development of Badminton - Facilities and Equipment - Laws of The Game...

# Instructional Materials in PATHFIT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness ## 2021 Revision Prepared By: Orlando P. Agbu, MBA Instructor I ### Table of Contents - **Lesson 1: Badminton** - History and Development of Badminton - Facilities and Equipment - Laws of The Game - Terminology - Badminton Strokes - Footwork - Events - **Lesson 2: Table Tennis** - Table Tennis History and Development - Facilities & Equipment - Styles of Play - **Lesson 3: Basic Arnis** - History - Equipment - Proper Gripping - 12 Striking Points ## Lesson 1: Badminton ### Topics: 1. History and Development of Badminton 2. Facilities and Equipment 3. Laws of The Game 4. Terminology 5. Badminton Strokes 6. Footwork 7. Events ### Learning Outcomes - Demonstrate physical skills, leadership, and managerial capabilities in all activities and programs. - Exhibit and promote active and healthy lifestyles. - Develop discipline, leadership, and sportsmanship. - Apply the motto of physical education learning by doing. - Acquire knowledge in playing and officiating. - Analyze the movements and level of efforts applied to performing skills. - Promote active and healthy life. - Understand sport history, the foundations of physical education and sports, and the essentials of fitness and wellness. - Define the importance of physical education and lifelong sports. - Demonstrate proficiency and efficiency in all movements. - Apply movement concepts and principles to the learning and development of physical/motor activities. ### Topic 1: History And Development of Badminton The game developed from the ancient pastime known as battledore and shuttlecock. The game originated in India as "poona" and was brought to England about 1870 by British army officers. The Duke of Beaufort introduced the game at his county place, Badminton, in Gloucestershire. Not having a name at that time, the game was referred to as "that Badminton game." The oldest badminton club in the world is the Badminton Club of the City of New York, which was founded in 1878. However, the game did not become popular in the United States until the mid-1930's. The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936. The International Badminton Federation, the world governing body for the sport, was founded in 1934. The premier international men's team is the "Thomas Cup," which was established in 1948, and its counterpart in the women's competition is the "Uber Cup," which was founded in 1956. In 1977, the World Badminton Federation (WBF) was founded. It sponsored the first World Championship in the same year in Malmö Sweden. This was the start of several international competitions worldwide. The "Suderman Cup" in 1989 was established in memory of the former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman. He is also considered the "Father of Indonesian Badminton." ### Topic 2: Facilities and Equipment #### Court - The official court measures 44 ft. long by 22 ft. wide for doubles and 44 ft. long and 17 ft. wide for singles. A 1 1/2. ft. alley on each side is commonly referred to as double alleys. There is also space 2 1/2 ft. wide at both ends of the court, which are the back alleys. There are two service areas on each side of the net, the right and left service court bounded by a line running parallel to the net, called the short-service line. - The ceiling height should be 30 ft. for official games and 24 ft. for instructional games. Floor surface is traditionally wood, but many synthetics and plastic courts have been developed. - **Singles:** 44 feet long and 17 feet wide. - **Doubles:** 44 feet long and 20 feet wide. #### Net - The net should be made of a dark-colored mesh, 2 1/2 ft. deep, with a 1 1/2 inch white tape extending across the top. The top of the net should be 5 ft. above the floor at a point equidistant from the sidelines; and 5 ft. and 1 in. in height at a point above the double's sidelines. #### Post - 5 feet and 1 in. in height from the floor. #### Racket - It is light and can be made of wood, aluminum metal, or synthetic material such as graphite or carbon. - The racket can be up to 68 cm long and usually weighs about 100 grams. - Most strings are made of synthetic such as nylon, but world-class players use lamb gut, which is more expensive than synthetic and has disadvantages of a short lifespan when strung tightly or not protected from moisture. - String diameter ranges from 19-22 gauge. - Most competitive players prefer 21 to 22-guage strung strings at 14 to 15 pounds of tension, which provides power and control. - For school and recreational us, 20-guage string at a tension of 12 to 13 pounds is adequate. #### Shuttlecocks - It is made from 14-16 goose feathers that are placed in a leather-covered cork head, made of either plastic or nylon. - Synthetic shuttles are suitable for recreational games, but feathered or official shuttlecocks weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams. ### Topic 3: Laws of The Game - **Tossing for Serve:** Before a match begins, opponents can toss a coin, spin a racket, or toss a shuttle to determine who shall get the choice of "serve" or "side." - **Scoring:** The rally point system is used in scoring badminton games. Any fault committed by the serving or receiving team gains a point. - **Love** - designates a score of zero. - **Love-all** - is called when both opponents and teams have a score of zero. - **In-side:** Is called for the serving player or team. - **Out-side:** Is called for the receiving player or team. - **Game point** - is the point that a server won which results to the server's winning the match. - **Setting the score:** - If the score tied at 13-all or 14-all (9-all or 10-all for women's singles), the side that first scored 13 or 14 has the choice of setting (extending) or not setting the game. - When the game has been set, both scores revert to zero, and a player must win according to the conditions illustrated below: | Points in Game | Score Tied At | Game May Be Set To | |:---------------:|:-------------:|:---------------------:| | 11 | 9-all | 3 points | | 11 | 10-all | 2 points | | 15 | 13-all | 5 points | | 15 | 14-all | 3 points | - **Change of Ends:** Players change ends of the court at the beginning of the second game and at the beginning of the third game if the third game is necessary. In the third game, players change ends when either player first reaches 8 in a game of 15 points or 6 in an 11-point game. If players forget to change ends as prescribed by the rules, they should do so as soon as the mistake is discovered. - **Service Rotation for Singles and Doubles:** - **Singles:** Servers and receives in the right service court when the server's score is an even number. When the server's score is an odd number, the players serve from the receive in the left service court. - **Doubles:** The service is determined by the serving team's score and by the court position of each player at the beginning of the game. In the first half inning, the first team to serve is entitled to only one initial service, or simply called as "one down initial service." Thereafter the initial serve, the partners will change service each after they lose a rally. The first service in each half-inning is always from the right service court, to the opponents' right service court. The server changes courts after every point his team wins. The receiving side does not change courts. - **Faults:** A team that violates the rules are charged with a fault. If the serving team faults, a side-out results; if the receiving team faults, points are for the serving team. It is a fault (loss of service "hand out" for serving, or loss of point for the receiving side) when: - The service is illegal (not correct). - The server, in an attempt to serve, misses the shuttle. - On serve, the shuttle is caught in or on the net, either before or after passing over the net. - In play, the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court, passes through or under the net, fails to pass the net, touches the roof, ceiling, or outside walls, touches a player or dress of a player, touches any objects or person outside the immediate surroundings of the court, is caught and held on the racket during the execution of a stroke. - The initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker's side of the net. - When the shuttle is in play, a player touches the net or its support with racket, or body except on follow-through. - During a game, a player deliberately distracts an opponent by an action, such as shouting or making gestures. - A player is guilty of flagrant or repeated misconduct violations, such as deliberately causing a suspension of play; interfering with the speed of the shuttle; or behaving in an offensive manner. - **Lets:** When lets occur, players who served serves again. The following are considered lets: - A shuttle or player from an adjacent court encroaches, thus, interfering with play or concentration. - A shuttle, after passing over the net, becomes caught in or on the net except during service. - A shuttle hits an obstruction that hangs over the court and is lower than the recommended 24-foot ceiling height. - During service, the receiver and server both fault at the same time. - The server serves before the receiver is ready. - A line judge is not present and the umpire is unable to make decisions. ### Topic 4: Terminologies - **Alley:** An extension of the width of the court on both sides to be used in doubles play. - **Backhand:** Any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side. - **Baseline:** Back boundary line. - **Bird:** The object that flies over the net, officially known as a shuttlecock. - **Block:** Placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it rebound into the opponent's court. - **Carry:** Momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the execution of a stroke. - **Clear:** A high shot that falls close to the baseline. - **Double hit:** Contacting the bird twice in succession on the same stroke. - **Doubles:** A game of four players, two on each team. - **Drive:** A hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal plane. - **Drop:** A shot made that barely clears the net with little speed. - **Fault:** Any violation of the rules whose penalty is loss of serve or the point. - **Forehand:** Any stroke made on the racket side of the body. - **Hairpin (net) stroke:** Shot made from below and very close to the net with the bird just clearing the net and dropping sharply downward. - **Home position:** The ideal spot for awaiting the opponent's return. - **Let:** A play allowed to be replayed. - **Match:** Best two out of three games. - **Odd and even courts:** In singles, the right half of the court is "even", and the left half of the court is the "odd." When the even player is serving from the right the score is even, and odd when serving from the left. - **Rally:** Rapid returns made by players. - **Ready position:** An alert body position enabling quick movement in any direction. - **Receiver:** The player to whom the bird is served. - **Server:** The player who puts the bird in play. - **Shuttlecock:** The feathered/plastic object that is hit back and forth in badminton. - **Singles:** A game involving one player on each end of the court. - **Sling:** An untrue hit, usually because of the bird momentarily resting on the racket. - **Smash:** A powerful overhand stroke that sends the bird downward over the net. - **Stroke:** The action of striking the bird with the racket. - **Toss/spin:** The method of deciding which side will serve first at the beginning of the match. ### Topic 5: Badminton Strokes - **Forehand Stroke:** Refers to any shock struck on the racket side of the body. - **Backhand Stroke:** These are hosts on the side away from the racket (left side of right-handed, right side for left-handed.) - **Three Parts of Backhand of Forehand Stroke:** - **Backswing:** Involves all movements of the racket away from the target. - **Hitting action:** Includes all forward motions until the racket contacts the shuttle. - **Follow-through:** Involves all movements from control contact until the player is back in a position to wait the opponent's next shot. - **Underhand Stroke:** When the approaching shuttle is low in front of the player. - **Steps in executing the underhand stroke:** - In a backswing position, drop the racket hand down and back. - Move the right foot forward in the direction of the spot where the shuttle will hit the floor; weight will transfer to the front foot. - The wrist cocks back during the backswing; hyperextension on the forehand side but flexing on the backhand side. - Move forward the arm while there wrist remains cocked. - Hit the target shuttle combining the three movements in accelerating with full and rapid upward movement of the hand toward the target, including a vigorous uncocking of the wrist. - **Overhand Stroke:** Used to return the shuttle with a high trajectory coming form the opponent's court when the shuttle gets behind you. - **Steps in executing the overhand stroke:** - Lift both arms overhead. Sharply bend the elbow of the racket arm and move the racket foot in the direction of the area where the shuttle would hit the floor. - The non-racket hand provides balance. It should be higher than the head and points toward the incoming shuttle when you are hitting a forehand, and it will be nearer shoulder level and behind the shuttle when you are hitting a backhand. - During the execution of a smash (overhead shot sharply hit forcefully at a steeper downward angle), the wrist sometimes moves fast extending to a flex position during the follow-through. - **Sidearm Stroke:** If the opponent uses a drive (fast low shot with flat trajectory) to hit the shuttle parallel to either sidelines or you reach it at a height between your waist and your shoulder, return it with a sidearm stride. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUjFMxH-HfM) ### Topic 6: Footwork - **Ready Position:** The stance you assume while waiting for the opponent. Establish both feet at the moment the opponent is hitting the shuttle. - Feet should be apart, one slightly ahead of the other for better balance. - Knees remain flexed at all times; to move fast around the court. - Remember to position yourself at the center court to reach any return. - **Moving into hitting position ():** The steps you take in getting into position to stroke the shuttle. - Consider taking a long first step with the racket foot when moving forward in the court for effective technique. - Pivot your left or right when moving to the rear of the court. If the shuttle is hit to your backhand side, pivot is followed by crossover step with right foot. - Use shuttle or short steps to reach the shuttle, avoiding further crossover steps. - **Footwork during the hitting action (the relationship of the feet during the hitting action):** - **Forehand:** - When the shuttle is behind you on the forehand side or directly overhead, faces the forehand sideline or front corner. - During the hitting action, transfer your weight to your front foot, raising the heel of your back foot well off the floor. - Powerful hitting could be displayed through hitch kick or scissors kick, in which both feet come off the floor at the same time. - **Backhand:** - When the shuttle is behind you, pivot and cross over so that you face the backhand sideline or back corner. - Transfer your weight onto the foot closest to your target as you stroke the shuttle. - Back heel will come high off the floor, and the toe of your back foot may drag across the surface. - **Footwork during the recovery (returning to base before your opponent hits again):** - If in front court, it is efficient to recover with long step with the racket foot, followed by the shuffle steps as needed. - When you have hit from the back 8 feet of the court, or your backcourt the first recovery step will also be with the racket foot. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UIZKCPYM) ### Topic 6: Events - **Tournament/Badminton Competition:** - **Events Played in Badminton Competitions:** - Men's Singles - 1 - Women's Singles - 1 - Men's Doubles - 2 regulars - 1 alternate player - Women's Doubles - 2 Regular Players - 1 alternate player - Mixed Doubles - 2 regular players - 1 alternate player - **Mode of Tournament:** - Knock out system. - Double Elimination. - Single Round Robin. ### Learning Activity 1.1: Shuttle Control **Direction:** Hit and control the shuttle base on the level indicated below. **(FOREHAND, BACKHAND and COMBINATION)** **Equipment:** - Racket - Shuttlecock - **1st Level:** From the waist level up to head. - **2nd Level:** From waist level to 3 meters high. - **3rd Level:** From waist level up to ceiling. **Link:** https://youtu.be/3kRvce9ql40 **Note:** Watch the link on Youtube, comment down the name of your instructor, your name and section, to know that you watched the video. ### Learning Activity 1.2: Service **Direction:** Use the Forehand and Backhand in serving the shuttlecock to the opponent's court. - **Forehand/Backhand serving:** - Right to right service court and left to left service court. **Note:** - If you are right-handed that is your forehand and once you extend your right arm towards your left side that is backhand. - If you are left-handed that is your backhand and once you extend your left arm towards your right side that is forehand. **Link:** https://youtu.be/b7gy7c0uJ8k **Note:** Watch the link on Youtube, comment down the name of your instructor, your name and section to know that you watched the video. ### Learning Activity 1.3: Footwork **Direction:** Master the Badminton footwork. - V Front - Side to side (for defense) - V Back - Moving forward and backward. **For more information, check the link:** https://youtu.be/mAsM7ZOhbLs **Note:** Watch the link on Youtube, comment down the name of your instructor, your name and section to know that you watched the video. **Direction:** See the link: https://youtu.be/mAsM7ZOhbLs ### Learning Activity 1.4: Drills **Note:** Watch the link on Youtube, comment down the name of your instructor your name and section to know that you watched the video. # Lesson 2: Arnis ## Topics: 1. History 2. Equipment 3. Proper Gripping 4. 12 Striking Points ## Learning Outcomes - Demonstrate physical skills, leadership, and managerial capabilities in all activities and programs. - Exhibit and promote active and healthy lifestyles. - Develop discipline, leadership, and sportsmanship. - Apply the motto of physical education learning by doing. - Acquire knowledge in playing and officiating. - Analyze the movements and level of efforts applied to performing skills. - Promote active and healthy life. - Understand sport history, the foundations of physical education and sports, and the essentials of fitness and wellness. - Define the importance of physical education and lifelong sports. - Demonstrate proficiency and efficiency in all movements. - Apply movement concepts and principles to the learning and development of physical/motor activities. ### Topic 1: History Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who used an assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense. Encompassing both simple impact and edged weapons, arnis traditionally involved rattan, swords, daggers, and spears. In 1521, equipped with nothing more than bladed weapons and their fearsome arnis abilities, Filipino islanders defeated Ferdinand Magellan's armored, musket-bearing Spanish conquistador forces when they tried to invade. When the Spanish eventually returned and successfully conquered parts of the Philippines, the traditions of arnis were preserved, despite its prohibition, in the forms of ritual dance, performance, and mock battles. While earlier Filipino martial arts were influenced by Spanish colonization, the modern forms have been affected by the country's contact with both the United States and Japan after gaining independence in 1898. Just over a century later, in 2009, the government of the Philippines declared arnis to be the martial art and national sport of the Philippines. Arnis is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-defense system. His goal was a create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense system in order to preserve the older Arnis systems. The term Modern Arnis was used by Remy Presas' younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style Filipino martial arts; since 1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan. It is derived principally from the traditional Presas family style of the Bolo(Machete) and the stick-dueling art of Balintawak Eskrima, with influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts. Arnis is a Philippines' national martial art or sport. After President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the Republic Act. No. 9850 in 2009, the act mandates the Department of Education to include the sport as a Physical Education course. Arnis will be included among the priority sports in Palarong Pambansa (National Games) beginning 2010. ### Topic 2: Equipments #### Weapon - The padded stick shall be the official weapon of the player. - The specification of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. - No other similar material will be allowed to be used in any local, national or international competition. - Each padded stick shall be properly foam-cushioned and shall have a maximum grip diameter is not more than 3.81cm (1 ½ inch) and length of 76.20cm (30 inches for men and women). The length of padded stick shall be 27 inches for boys and girls. - Both padded stick shall be color-coded, one red and the other blue. #### Head Protector - Refers to a pair of protective head gear to include an impact worthy face mask: the specifications of which shall be in accordance with the I-ARNIS standard. - Both headgears must be color-coded, one red the other blue, to match the padded stick of the player. #### Body Protector - Refers to a pair of protective body protector, properly cushioned: the specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. - Male and female player must both wear body protector and groin protector. - Body protector and groin protectors specifications shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. - Both body protectors and groin protectors shall be color coded to match the color of the player. - Forearm and shin guards are compulsory. - The specifications shall be in accordance with i-ANIS standard: Both shin & forearm guards must be the color of the player. #### Scoreboards - A pair of scoreboard, either manually or electronically operated, the specifications of which shall be accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. - Two score boards per contest area shall be placed at diagonally opposite corners outside the playing area, inside the competition area within the free zone, right where the judges are positioned. #### Flags - Two sets of red and blue flags, the size of which is 30 cm by 25 cm, are used by the judges in declaring decisions or asking for consultations. - One yellow flag, size 30 cm by 25 cm. - For timer's use to signal the start and the end of each round and to declare a time-out and resumption of the game. #### Other Equipment - Stopwatch is used to keep the two-minute per round. This includes interruptions such as injury, changing of broken stick. - A gong and mallet or other similar audible substitutes such as whistle, bell or buzzer shall be provided for the timer to indicate the start and end of the round. - A table shall be provided for the TIMER and RECORDER which shall be situated one (1) meter in front of the playing area so that time signals are audible enough to both players and referee. ### Topic 3: Fundamental Skills in Arnis - The stick is principle weapon in learning arnis. It is made of rattan stick approximately 28-30 inches long and a diameter of around 1 inch. #### Grip - 2 inches from the line. - No extension downward. - 6 inches from the base or butt. - Middle grip. - 4-6 inches from the tip or "susi" or "daga" or knife. #### 12 Basic Strikes 1. **Left side of the head attack.** - A diagonal downward forehand swing to the left temple. From the position, the warrior holds the stick with one hand at 1 o'clock, moving his stick in a slashing motion while his free hand is on his chest. 2. **Right side of the head attack.** - A diagonal downward backhand swing striking to the right temple. Assuming a fighting stance like the left temple strike, the warrior this time holds his stick at 11 o'clock with his free hand kept on his chest. 3. **Left side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.** - The 3rd striking technique allows the practitioner to extend his weapon hand, making it easier for him to strike any part of the opponent between its shoulder and hips. The stick will be draw in a diagonal forehand slashing swing making it easier to deliver a damage. 4. **Right side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.** - Same as the 3rd strike, but this time the practitioner will extend the weapon hand to strike any part of the body between the shoulder and the hips in a backhand slashing swing located on the right side. 5. **Thrust to the stomach.** - In this strike, the practitioner will thrust the weapon hand to the stomach and is followed by an upward motion that will cut through his opponent's body. 6. **Right lower leg.** - Again, like the 8th strike, the main target here is the right lower leg which immobilize the opponent. By doing this, the palm should face downward. 7. **Left lower leg.** - In this technique, the practitioner will deliver a powerful strike to the opponent's lower leg, mainly the knee, the angle or the ankle which throws off the opponents' balance and immobilize him. By doing this, the warrior is supposed to lower his body (extending the weapon arm). Holding his palm upward and hit any part of the opponent's lower leg. 8. **Right chest stab.** - In this stance, the practitioner will practice the scooping action. The weapon hand is then extended forward with the palm facing outward. To deliver the strike properly, the elbow should be kept up puncturing the opponent's right lung. 9. **Left chest stab.** - In this strike, the weapon hand is then extended to the front with the palm facing outward and the elbow kept up where this strike can cause damage to the rib cage. 10. **Right eye poke.** - Same as the 10th strike technique. To execute it properly the practitioner will have to hold his elbow down poking the right eye of the opponent. 11. **Left eye poke.** - The target here is the left eye socket. In order to execute it properly, the practitioner should assume fighting stance then extend the weapon hand forward with the palm facing outward with its elbow kept down. 12. **Strike to the crown/top of head.** - The last strike will be a straight downward overhead swing directed towards the crown of the head which could throw off the opponents' mobility and balance. **Link:** https://youtu.be/_p-FnGX4dPU **Note:** Watch the link on Youtube, comment down the name of your instructor and your name to know that you watched the video. ## References - Tulio, D. (2008) *Physical Education 3 for College*. National Bookstore. - Remy Amado Presas, *The Modern Arnis*