Badminton Handouts - Revised (PDF)

 **BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY** **SARMIENTO CAMPUS** CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN **Course Code: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 12** **Course Title: Individual and Dual Sports** **Descriptive Title: Badminton** **Course Credit: 2 units** **Time Allotm...

 **BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY** **SARMIENTO CAMPUS** CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN **Course Code: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 12** **Course Title: Individual and Dual Sports** **Descriptive Title: Badminton** **Course Credit: 2 units** **Time Allotment:** **2 hours/week** **Origins of the Game** The sport of badminton has its origins in ancient civilisations in Europe and Asia. The ancient game known as **Battledore** (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000 years ago. In the 1600s Battledore and Shuttlecock was an upper class pastime in England and many European countries. Battledore and Shuttlecock was simply two people hitting a shuttlecock backwards and forwards with a simple bat as many times as they could without allowing it to hit the ground. **Contemporary Badminton** A contemporary form of badminton -- a game called '**Poona'**, was played in India in the 1800s where a net was introduced and players hit the shuttlecock across the net. British officers in the mid 1800's took this game back to England and it was introduced as a game for the guests of the Duke of Beaufort at his stately home '**Badminton**' in Gloucestershire, England where it became popular. The oldest badminton club in the world is the Badminton Club of the City of New York, which was founded in 1878, however, the game did not become widely popular in the United States until the middle 1930's. The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936. **IBF Established in 1934** Then in 1934, the International Badminton Federation was formed, with the initial members including England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Holland, Canada, New Zealand and France, with India joining as an affiliate in 1936. The first major IBF tournament was the **Thomas Cup** (world men's team championships) in 1948. Since then, the number of world events has increased with the addition of the **Uber Cup** (women's team). In 1977, the World Badminton Federation (WBF) was founded. It sponsored the first World Championship in the same year in Malmo Sweden. This was the start of several international competitions all over the world. The "Suderman Cup" in 1989 was established in memory of the former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman. He was also considered the "The Father of Indonesian Badminton". **Commonwealth Games Sport -- 1966** Badminton was introduced as a Commonwealth Games program sport in Kingston Jamaica in 1966 and has been part of every Commonwealth Games program since then. Initially all five disciplines were included -- singles (men, women), doubles (men, women) and mixed doubles with the Teams Event included in the program in later Commonwealth Games. **Olympic Games Sport -- 1992** Badminton is a relatively new Olympic Games sport. After being a demonstration sport in Munich in 1972, badminton became an Olympic sport in Barcelona in 1992 with the singles and doubles disciplines introduced for the first time in the Olympic Games. In Atlanta in 1996, a mixed doubles event was included and this is the only mixed doubles event in all of the Olympic sports. **History of Badminton in the Philippines** In Philippines, it was in the 1920 when British and American expatriates introduced badminton in the country. As early as 1950\'s, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) recognized the Philippines as its 21st member country. Since then, Filipino\'s have been playing badminton in international tournaments. In 1949 national rankings produced Adriano Torres, first national Men\'s single champion. In 1952, the Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) was created and became the first national badminton group, organized by 28 badminton clubs. Johnny Yan and Stephen Cheng were the countries first doubles champions at the Hong Kong Open help on 1962. In 1981, the Philippine badminton team participated in the Southeast Asian (SEA) games. The country hosted the event. In 1984, the Philippines made its first appearance in the Thomas Cup tournament. And in 1992 Melvin Llanes became the first Philippine champion at the Prince Asian Juniors Championship for the 16-under age group. It was in 1992 when the Philippines first played in the Uber Cup games, resulting in a victory over Tanzania. In 1995 Australian International Championships (IBF-sanctioned international tournament), Weena Lim and Kennie Asuncion were the first Philippine entry (ladies double) to win a gold medal, and in 1996 Atlanta Olympics, Weena became the first Philippine badminton player to qualify and participate in the prestigious game. In 1997 SEA games in Jakarta, Weena Lim and Kennie Asuncion were the first bronze medallist in the women\'s doubles event. **Terminologies** - Player -- any person playing badminton - Match- the basic contest in badminton between opposing sides each of one or two players. - Singles- a match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides. - Doubles- a match where there is two players on each of the opposing sides. - Serving side- the side having the right to serve. - Receiving side- the side opposing the serving side. - Rally- a sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play. - Stroke- a movement of the player's racket with an intention to hit the shuttle. - Change ends- Change courts. - Fault- Violation of the rules. - Flight- the patch of the shuttlecock. - Double Hit-hitting the shuttlecock twice during a stroke. - Footwork- to move properly inside the court - Forecourt- the area between the net and short service line - Game Point- a point that if made will win the game. - Grip- the hold on the racket - Let- Given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence, it is called by the umpire to halt play - Love- term for zero - Match point- the last point of the game, which will determine the victory of the best of two out of three games match. - Point- score made by the side winning rally. - Setting- deciding on the score of the game if it becomes a tie. - Shot-the shuttlecock lands inside the court. **Facilities and Equipments** The Court Image result for badminton court - The court shall be a rectangle laid out with lines of 40mm wide, preferably in white or yellow color. - The **Badminton Court Dimensions** for Singles -- 44 feet long and 17 feet wide For Doubles -- 44 feet long and 22 feet wide - The post shall be 5 feet and 1 inch in height from the floor. - The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a mesh of not less than 15mm and not more than 20mm.   - [[The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524m (5ft) at the centre of the court and 1.55m (5ft 1in) over the side lines for doubles.]](http://www.badminton-information.com/how_high_is_badminton_net.html)  -  There is a wide variety of racket designs, although the racket size and shape are limited by the Laws. Different rackets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available But an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new rackets.In selecting a racket the main consideration are to get on that is light, strong, and flexible in the shaft. Badminton strings are thin ,high performing strings with thickness ranging from about 0.62 to 0.73 mm. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer. There are two main types of grip: **Replacement grips and Over grips.** Replacement grip are thicker, and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Over grips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the final layer. Toweling grips are always replacements grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas over grips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; over grips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging underlying material. The Racket Frame - The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall width consisting of the main parts. - The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by a player. - The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a player hits the shuttle. - The head bounds the stringed area. - The shaft connects the handle to the head. - The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head. **The care of the racket** - When not in use, the racket should be kept in a press to prevent the racket head from warping. - The racket should not hit against the leg or object, nor should it even be thrown **3. The shuttlecock** **Feathered shuttle** - The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base. - The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62mm to 70mm when measured from the tip to the top of the base. - The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68mm. - The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material. - The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom. - The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams. **Non- Feathered Shuttle** - The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace natural feathers. - The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom. - The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when measured from the tip to the top of the base. - Thw tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68 mm. The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material. - The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom. **The care of the shuttlecock** - Remove it from the container base first and replaces it in the same manner. - Straighten the feathers after each rally. - Do not kick or knock the shuttlecock along the floor or ground, instead pick it up and throw or bat it to desired location. **Testing a shuttle for speed** - To test a shuttle, a player shall use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines. - A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line. 4\. **The net and Post** **Beginning of the match** Before commencing play the opposing sides should toss and the side winning the toss shall exercise the choice either: to serve or receive first, to start play at one of the court or others. The side losing the toss shall exercise the remaining choice. **Change of Ends** Players shall change ends: - At the end of the first game - At the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game;and - In the third game when a side first scores 11 points. - If the ends are not changed, it shall be done so as soon as the mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score score shall stand. **Scoring System** - A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points or one game of 21 points. - The side winning a rally adds a point to its score. - At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. - At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game. - The side winning a game serves first in the next game. **Intervals and Change of Ends** - When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval. - A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed. - In the third game, players change ends when a side scores ll Points. **Singles** - At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. - When it is odd, the server serves from the left service court. - If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from alternate service court. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. **Doubles** - There is only one serve in doubles - The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the attached diagram. - At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court. - If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side. - The player of the receiving side who served last stays in the same service court from where he served last. - The reverse pattern applies to the receiver's partner - The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving. If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the mistake is discovered. **Service court error** Has been made when a player has served out of turn, Has served from the wrong service or standing on the wrong service court while being prepared to receive the service and it has been delivered. FAULTS A. - If a service is not correct - If, in service, the shuttle: - Is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top: - After passing over the net, it caught in the net: or - is hit by the receiver's partner - If in play, shuttle: - Lands outside the boundaries of the court (i.e. not on or within the boundary lines): - Fails to pass over the net between the net posts. - Touches the ceiling or side walls; - Touches the person or dress of a player. - Touches any other object or person outside the court. - Is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke. - Is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a "fault". - Is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or - Touches a player's racket and does not travel towards the opponent's court. - - Touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress - Invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except that the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker's side of the net; - Invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted; - Deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures. - The server serves before the receiver is ready; - During service, the receiver and the server are both faulted; - After the service is returned, the shuttle is (1) caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or (2) after passing over the net is caught in the net. - A line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make decision; or - Any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred. 1. **Grip on the racket** a. **Forehand grip** -- this is used for forefand stroke. The handle of the racket is hes as if the player were shaking hand with the racket. b. **Backhand grip**- This is used for backhand stroke. Similar for forehand grip except the hand is rotated slightly to the left and the thumb is placed flat against the side level for additional power. The changing of the grip during play becomes somewhat automatically with practice. 2. **Types of Service** a. **Long high service**- this service is high and long so that the shuttle will land in deep court, near the backline which makes it difficult for the opponent to smash ( the most common service in single play). b. **Low short service**- the aim of this service is to place the shuttle few inches inside the short service line of the opponent's court (the most common serve in doubles play) c. **Drive or flat service**- generally made by a quick flick of the wrist and arm, which is just above net height and travels almost parallel to the floor. d. **Backhand serve**- a short, low serve made with the backhand stroke in which the shuttlecock is held below the waist has several advantages and be confusing serve for the opponents to return. 3. **Basic strokes** a. **Forehand stroke** - Underhand stroke - Overhand stroke 1. **Clear-** is also called lob. The clear shot is defensive one, ordinarily used when a player is in it is difficult such as when he is off-balance or out of position or when it is desirable to move the opponent away from the net. It is important that the shuttle be hit forcefully upward in order to land just inside the back boundary line, and descend is nearly a vertical direction. 2. **Smash-** the smash is primarily an attacking or offensive shot. Smash or kill shot is the main pointing-winning stroke in the badminton. Since you must hit the shuttlecock downward when smashing, you should have the feeling of the racket head coming over the top of the shuttlecock. There are three types of smash: forehand, backhand, and overhand. 3. **Drop Shot-** a drop is any shot that drops immediately after crossing the net and which the shuttle does not travel more than a few feet beyond the net. 4. **Net shot-** it lets the shuttlecock almost roll the net, consequently very hard for the opponent to receive. 5. **Drive-** the drive is fast low, flat shot that is second only to smashing as an attacking shot. It is a hard stroke hit on a straight line. 6. **Lift-** is used when a drop shot or playing net game. B. Backhand stroke -- is the reverse of the forehand. - Backhand smash - Backhand drop 1. REFEREE - Is the overall in charge of the tournament - Appoints or changes the line judge or service judge upon cosultation with the umpire. - Before the match starts, he provides the score pad and receives it back from scorer at the end of the match. 2. UMPIRE - Is in charge of the match, the courts and its immediate surroundings. - Upholds and enforces the Law of Badminton and specially calls faults or let should either occur without appeal being made by the player. - Ensures that the service judge and line judges know their duties and they are correctly placed. 3. SERVICE UMPIRE - The service judge sits on a low chair by the posts, preferably opposite the umpire. - Responsible for judging that the server delivers a correct service. If not call "Fault" loudly and use the approved hand signal to indicate the type of infringement. 4. LINE JUDGE - The line judges sits on chairs in prolongation of the lines at the ends and preferably at the side opposite to the umpire. - A line judge is entirely responsible for the line assigned if the shuttle lands out, no matter how far call "out" prompty, in a clear voice, loud enough to heard by the players and the spectators and the time signal by extending both arms horizontally so that the umpire can see clearly. If the shuttle falls in, the line judge shall say nothing, but point to the line with the right hand. - If unsighted, inform the umpire immediately by putting both hands up cover the eyes.