Passing HHD 101 PDF

**LOCK IN GUYSSSS WE GOT THIS** **Optimal health and wellbeing:** the best possible state of an individual's health and wellbeing for their age **Health**:a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity **Illness:** the experience of fe...

**LOCK IN GUYSSSS WE GOT THIS** **Optimal health and wellbeing:** the best possible state of an individual's health and wellbeing for their age **Health**:a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity **Illness:** the experience of feeling unwell or being in poor health, often due to disease or injury **Subjective**: based on a person's feelings, opinions and experiences. **Dynamic**: Constantly changing **OPTIMAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING AS A RESOURCE** **INDIVIDUALLY** Increases the ability of individuals to live free from pain and concentrate on activities that improve their lives such as studying, working and socializing - - - **NATIONALLY** Healthy populations help to build a productive workforce, increasing national income through taxation. - - - **GLOBALLY** Reduces the risk of infectious or communicable diseases spreading between countries. Communicable diseases refer to diseases that are passed from one person to another. (COVID19) or other health threats somewhere in the world, that can cross borders - - - **DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLBEING** **PHYSICAL** relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks - - - - - **MENTAL** is the current state of well-being relating to a person's mind or brain and the ability to think and process information - - - - - **SOCIAL** relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations - - - - - **EMOTIONAL** relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings positively. Emotional health and wellbeing are about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. - - - **SPIRITUAL** Relate to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings. It includes concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world. - - - **HEALTH PREREQUISITES** People Should Eat Food Including Some Sustainable Salad Every Day - - - - - - - - -  +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **BIOLOGICAL** | **SOCIOCULTURAL | **ENVIRONMENTAL | | | | ** | ** | | | Factors | | | | | relating to the | The social and | The physical | | | body that | cultural | surroundings in | | | impact on | conditions into | which we live, | | | health and | which people | work and play. | | | wellbeing | are born, grow, | | | | | live, work and | | | | | age. | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Males** | [Men more | [Men more | [Men more | | | likely | likely | likely | | | to] | to] | to] | | | | | | | | - be | - engage in | - - | | | overweight | risk taking | | | | | activites | | | | - higher | | | | | rates of | - avoid | | | | CVD | seeking | | | | | medical | | | | - Higher | help | | | | rates of | (sterotypes | | | | high blood | ) | | | | pressure | | | | | | - experience | | | | | societal | | | | | pressure in | | | | | discussing | | | | | mental | | | | | health | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Female** | \- Genetic | \- Access | | | | predisposition | health | | | | to breast | information and | | | | cancer | support | | | | | services | | | | \- higher | | | | | levels of | | | | | oestrogen → | | | | | plays a | | | | | protective role | | | | | against | | | | | cardiovascular | | | | | disease until | | | | | menopause | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Compared to | - \- | - \- higher | - \- Poor air | | other | overweight | rates of | quality | | Australians, | and obesity | unemploymen | (eg. due to | | Indigenous | | t | exposure to | | peoples have | - \- Insulin | | environment | | higher rates | resistance | - \- lower | al | | of:** | and | incomes | tobacco | | | impaired | | smoke) | | | glucose | - \- lower | | | | regulation | rates of | - \- lower | | | | home | quality | | | - \- | ownership | roads -- if | | | Hypertensio | | living in | | | n | - \- | remote | | | | homelessnes | areas | | | - \- | s | | | | Low-birthwe | | - \- poor | | | ight | - \- poverty | quality or | | | babies | | limited | | | | | recreationa | | | - \- High | | l | | | blood | | facilities | | | cholesterol | | | | | levels | | - \- lack of | | | | | access to | | | | | running | | | | | water and | | | | | sanitation | | | | | system --- | | | | | if in a | | | | | remote area | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Compared with | - \- higher | - \- | - \- harsh | | those living | rates of | difficulty | environment | | within major | overweight | accessing a | al | | cities, those | and obesity | range of | conditions; | | living outside | | healthcare | e.g. | | major cities | - \- higher | facilities | extreme sun | | have:** | rates of | and | exposure | | | insulin | services | | | | resistance | | - \- reduced | | | and | - \- | access and | | | impaired | difficulty | reduced | | | glucose | obtaining | quality in | | | regulation | social | recreationa | | | | support | l | | | - \- higher | from the | facilities | | | rates of | wider | | | | high blood | community | - \- less | | | pressure | | access to | | | | - \- higher | fluoridated | | | - \- higher | rates of | water | | | rates of | unemploymen | | | | low- | t | - \- more | | | birthweight | | dangerous | | | babies | - \- lower | work | | | | incomes | environment | | | - \- higher | | s | | | rates of | - \- lower | | | | high blood | levels of | | | | cholesterol | educational | | | | levels | completion | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Compared with | - \- Higher | - \- low | - \- greater | | high-SES group, | rates of | levels of | rates of | | low-SES groups | obesity → | educational | exposure to | | have higher | unable to | completion | tobacco | | rates of:** | afford | → affecting | smoke in | | | nutritious | employment | the home | | | foods | options | | | | | | - \- exposure | | | - \- Higher | - \- higher | to high | | | rates of | levels of | risks in | | | high blood | unemploymen | the work | | | pressure | t | environment | | | | | | | | - \- Higher | - \- less | - \- poor | | | rates of | likelihood | access to | | | glucose | of | infrastruct | | | intolerance | accessing | ure | | | | preventativ | and | | | - \- Higher | e | physical | | | rates of | health | resources | | | low-birthwe | services | | | | ight | | | | | babies | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **INDICATOR OF HEALTH STATUS | | | TERM** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Self-assessed Health Status** | A **measure** based on **a | | | person's own opinion** about how | | | they feel about their health and | | | well-being, their state of mind | | | and their life in general. | | | | | | Commonly sourced from population | | | surveys | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Incidence** | The number of **NEW CASES** of a | | | condition during a given period | | | of time. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Prevalence** | The number or **PROPORTATION OF | | | CASES** of a particular disease | | | or condition present in a | | | population at a given time. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Morbidity** | Refers to ill health in an | | | **individual** and the levels of | | | illhealth in a **population** or | | | group. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Burden of Disease** | A **measure of the impact** of | | | diseases and injuries, | | | specifically **measure the gap** | | | between current health status and | | | an ideal situation [where | | | everyone lives to an old age free | | | of disease and disability. | | | →] Measured in | | | Disability Adjusted Life Years | | | (DALYS) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Disability Adjusted Life Years | A measure of burden of disease, | | (DALYS)** | one DALY equals **one year of | | | healthy life lost due to | | | premature death** and **time | | | lived with illness, disease or | | | injury**. (YLL+YLD) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Years Lost Due to Premature | A measure of how many years of | | Death (YLL)** | expected life are lost due to | | | premature death. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Years Lost Due to Disability | A measure of how many healthy | | (YLD)** | years of life are lost due to | | | illness, injury or disability | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Life Expectancy** | An indication of how long a | | | person can expect to live, is the | | | number of years of life remaining | | | to a person at a particular age | | | if death rates do not change | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Health Adjusted Life Years | A measure of burden of disease | | (HALE)** | based on life expectancy at | | | birth, but including [an | | | adjustment for time spent in poor | | | health.] It is the | | | number of years in full health | | | that a person can expect to live, | | | based on current rates of ill | | | health and mortality. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mortality** | **Refers to death**, often at a | | | population level | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Maternal Mortality** | **Refers to death** of a mother | | | during pregnancy, childbirth or | | | within six weeks of delivery. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Maternal Mortality Ratio** | The number of mothers who die as | | | a **[result of pregnancy or | | | childbirth per 100,000 live | | | births]** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Infant Mortality** | The death of a child between | | | birth and their first birthday. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Infant Mortality Ratio** | The rate of infant mortality | | | between birth and their first | | | birthday, **usually expressed per | | | 1000 live births** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Under 5 Mortality** | The death of a child under 5 | | | years of age. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Under 5 Mortality Rate** | **The rate of deaths occurring in | | | children under 5 years of age per | | | 1000 live births** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH STATUS** *[**Smoking** :]* Tobacco smoking is the practice of inhaling tobacco smoke into the mouth and then releasing it. **Impact:** - **Links to Health Status** - - **Links to Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - - ***[Alcohol] :*** alcohol misuse is related to excessive consumption of liquid alcohol including alcoholism and binge drinking. **Impact**: - **Links to Health Status** - - **Links to Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - - ***[Body mass index]*** The amount of body weight an indivudal carries **Impact**: - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - - **Population Groups** - - - ***[Under Consumption of Vegetables ]*** Vegetables are a high source of fibre **Eg. Potatoes, Carrots, Lettuce** **Impact** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - - **Population Groups** - - ***[Under Consumption of Fruits ]*** Fruits are high in carbohydrates, including fibre. Range of vitamins and minerals. **Eg. Apples, Bananas, Strawberries** **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - ***[Underconsumption Dairy:]*** the use of animal milk also to make cheese, yogurt etc. **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - ***[Underconsumption Iron:]*** iron is an essential part of blood-forming haemoglobin. **Eg. Red meat, Leafy green vegetables, Legumes and Oats** **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - ***[Underconsumption Fibre:]*** a type of carbohydrate that is not absorbed by the body that helps with fullness and cleans the digestive system Eg. oats, peas, beans **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - ***[Overconsumption Sugar:]*** - **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - **Population Groups** - - - ***[Overconsumption Fats:]*** - - - **Risk Factors** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - - **Population Groups** - - - ***[Overconsumption Salt:]*** - - **Impact** - **Links to Health Status and Burdon of Disease** - - - **Population Groups** - - -  *[Principles of Social Model of Health (AREAS)]* - - - - - *[Five Action Areas of the Ottawa Charter]* --- **[B]**ad **[C]**ats **[S]**mell **[D]**ead **[R]**ats 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Strengths | Limitations | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Biomedical | - - - | - - - - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Social | - - - - - - | - - - - | | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ ***[Health Promotion:]* '**the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health' **Three Strategies for Health Promotion** 1. 2. 3. ***[Medicare]***: "Australia's universal healthcare system, which aims to improve the access to healthcare for all Australians and to provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all Australians in need of treatment, regardless of age or income." [How Medicare is funded:] - - - [What is Medicare Safety Net?] - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | NOT covered by Medicare | IS covered by Medicare | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - - - | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ *[**Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)**: ]* An Australian Government program that provides subsidised prescription medication to Australian residents, as well as foreign visitors covered by a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement. [How is PBS funded?] - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | **Disadvantages** | +===================================+===================================+ | - - | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***[Private health insurance]*** an optional subscription or policy for which a person pays to provide them with different levels of coverage. [How is Private Health Insurance funded?] - - - - - [Private health insurance incentive schemes] - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | **Disadvantages** | +===================================+===================================+ | - - | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***[The National Disability Insurance Scheme: ]*** It is the Commonwealth Government's new way of providing support for Australians with disability, their families and carers. - [How is The National Disability Insurance Scheme funded?] - [Eligibility of NDIS:] - - - - +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **Sustainabilit | **Access** | **Equity** | | | y** | | | | | | ability of | the quality of | | | meeting the | people to be | being fair and | | | needs of the | able to obtain | impartial | | | present without | health care at | | | | compromising | the right time | | | | the ability of | and place | | | | future | regardless of | | | | generations to | income, culture | | | | meet their own | and location | | | | needs | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Medicare | - not all | - medicare | - PBS safety | | | treatments | aims to | net tries | | | are covered | reduce cost | to ensure | | | eg. | barriers by | that | | | cosmetic | having bulk | financial | | | surgery; by | billing | costs are | | | reducing | services | as "fair" | | | services | and free | as possible | | | covered it | costs at | | | | reduces | public | - having | | | costs | hospitals | concession | | | | | rates for | | | | - available | people on | | | | to all | low income, | | | | Australian | pensioners | | | | citizens | and seniors | | | | regardless | so that | | | | of culture | they can | | | | or location | afford | | | | where | medicines | | | | people live | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pharmaceutical | - not all | - aims to | - PBS safety | | Benefits Scheme | medicines | reduce cost | net tries | | (PBS) | are listed | barriers by | to ensure | | | on the PBS | subsidising | that | | | making it | the costs | financial | | | more | of common | costs are | | | costeffecti | medicines | as "fair" | | | ve | | as possible | | | and | | | | | sustainable | | | | | | - available | | | | | to **all** | - having | | | | Australian | concession | | | - some | citizens | rates for | | | medicines | regardless | people on | | | on the PBS | of income, | low income, | | | help to | culture, | pensioners | | | treat and | location | and seniors | | | even | | so that | | | prevent | | they can | | | conditions | | afford | | | which can | | medicines | | | reduce the | | | | | need for | | | | | costly | | | | | treatments | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Private Health | - places less | - by | - provides | | Insurance (PHI) | burden on | implementin | equity | | | the public | g | through | | | system | incentive | insurance | | | | schemes | schemes | | | - by | make PHI | those who | | | implementin | more | earn more | | | g | accessible | pay more | | | incentive | | | | | schemes it | - improves | - medicare | | | makes | financial | levy | | | access to | access to a | surcharge | | | private | wider range | only needs | | | health more | of services | to be paid | | | affordable | that people | by | | | | might not | highincome | | | - less demand | normally | earners | | | on the | afford | | | | public | | | | | system | - people are | | | | means | able to | | | | people are | choose | | | | able to | their own | | | | receive | doctor who | | | | treatment | best meets | | | | earlier | their needs | | | | | for | | | | | treatment | | | | | in a | | | | | hospital | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | The National | - Medicare | will increase | not income | | Disability | levy was | access to | tested so | | Insurance | raised by | mainstream | provides fair | | Scheme (NDIS) | 0.5% in | services | access to all | | | 2014 and | | people who are | | | from July | | eligible | | | 2019 will | | | | | increase | | | | | from 2% to | | | | | 2.5% to | | | | | ensure NDIS | | | | | can be | | | | | fully | | | | | funded | | | | | | | | | | - aims to get | | | | | people back | | | | | into the | | | | | workforce | | | | | (so they | | | | | can | | | | | contribute | | | | | to the | | | | | economy) | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **QUIT** | **National Tabacco | | | | Campaign** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Description | QUIT is a program of | The campaign targets | | | the Cancer Council of | all smokers but has a | | | Victoria | particular focus on | | | | vulnerable groups | | | | such as Indigenous | | | | people, those from | | | | culturally and | | | | linguistically | | | | diverse backgrounds, | | | | rural communities & | | | | pregnant women and | | | | their partners | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Purpose | - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | How is it funded? | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Examples of the | - - - - | - - | | program | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | How the program | - | - - - | | reflects the Ottawa | | | | Charter for Health | | | | Promotion | | | | | - - - | - | | BCSDR | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ ***[The Australian Dietary Guidelines ]*** A publication that seeks to encourage healthy eating to reduce the risk of diet-related disease and chronic conditions, and to improve the community's health and wellbeing. - - - - - - - - - - - ***[The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating]*** A food selection guide that visually represents the proportion of the five food groups recommended for consumption each day, reflecting the Australian Dietary Guidelines. ***[Nutrition Australia ]*** Australia's primary community nutrition education body provides scientifically based nutrition information to encourage all Australians to achieve optimal health and wellbeing through food variety and physical activity. ***[National Nutrition week]*** - - ***[Healthy lunchbox week]*** - - - ***[Healthy eating pyramid]*** - -  ***[Challenges to bringing about change in dietary intake]*** - - - - - - - - - - ***[Challenges in changing diet for the population]*** - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Aboriginal Road to | Red Dust Healing | | | Good Health | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | What is it? | The Road to Good | Red Dust Healing is a | | | Health program is | targeted cultural | | | designed to support | healing program that | | | Aboriginal health | has been written from | | | workers and other | an Aboriginal point | | | health professionals | of view by Caritas | | | who work with | Australia. | | | Indigenous | | | | Australians to | | | | promote healthy | | | | lifestyles. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Why was it | It was implemented | It aims to engage | | implemented? | because Aboriginal | Aboriginal and Torres | | | and Torres Strait | Strait Islander | | | Islander peoples tend | Australians in order | | | to experience | to help them | | | significantly higher | recognise and | | | levels of chronic | confront problems | | | disease such as | that stem | | | diabetes and heart | predominantly from | | | disease, compared to | rejection and grief. | | | non-Indigenous | | | | Australians. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | How the program | - - - - | - - - | | reflects the Ottawa | | | | Charter for Health | | | | Promotion | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ ***[Gross National Income (GNI) per capita]*** Value of the country's total annual income, expressed in US dollars and divided by its population to indicate the average income of the country's citizens. - - ***[Gross Domestic Product:]*** The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year. - ***[Poverty]***: a term used to describe the lack of resources, often as a result of a lack of money ***[Extreme poverty:]*** is the level of poverty expressed as those with incomes of less than US \$2.15 a day +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Low-Income | **Middle-Income | **High-Income | | Characteristics** | Characteristics** | Countries | | | | Characteristics** | | - - - - - | - - - - | | | | | - - - - - - | | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **[Economic]{.underli | **[Social]{.underline | **[Environmental]{.un | | ne} | } | derline} | | Characteristics of | Characteristics of | Characteristics of | | high-income | high-income | High-income | | countries** | countries** | Countries** | | | | | | - - - - | - - - - - - | - - - - - | | | - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Factors Affecting Health Status** - - - - - **Developing countries face a double burden of disease** meaning they have high rates of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis and also high rates of incommunicable diseases such as obesity. ***[Sustainability]*** is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ***[Economic Sustainability]*** - Ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation + living costs in the future - - - - - - - - - ***[Social Sustainability]*** - Creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely. - - - - - - ***[Environmental Sustainability]*** - Ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources in the future. - - - - - ***[Human Development]*** Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding people's choices and enhancing their capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives - - - - - - - ***[The Human Development Index ]*** A measure introduced by the United Nations to assess the health and development outcomes of a nation The HDI is a number between zero and one (0--1). The closer to one, the greater the level of development experienced. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | **Disadvantages** | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[Climate | | | Change]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[Conflict]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[Mass | | | Migration]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[World Trade]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[Tourism]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages** | | | | | | - - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***[Digital | | | Technology]*** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Physical** | Having greater access to health | | | information → increase health | | | literacy and decreasing risk of | | | disease and injury → increasing | | | h+wb as able to do day-to-day | | | task | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Social** | Greater access to information → | | | increase trading and income → | | | allowing people to socialise with | | | others → form relationships → | | | increasing social h+wb | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mental** | Knowledge about warnings of | | | natural disasters → allows | | | individual to display resilience | | | → helps mental h+wb | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Emotional** | Knowledge about warnings of | | | natural disasters → decrease | | | living in constant fear as people | | | can prepare and have a greater | | | understanding → Increasing | | | emotion h+wb | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Spiritual** | Greater knowledge and access can | | | improve employment opportunities, | | | → people can have a sense of | | | belonging when employed → | | | increasing spiritual h+w | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages** | | | | | | - - - - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***[Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS)]*** "The 2030 Agenda listed "Sustainable Development Goals" consisting of 17 goals and 169 targets in order to eradicate poverty and realise a sustainable world." [Five areas of importance for humanity and the planet: 5P's] - - - - - [3 Rationales of SDGs] 1. 2. 3. [Objectives of the SDGs:] - - -  [Features of Goal 3:] - - - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 1 important?** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | People living in poverty suffer | | | from hunger and do not have the | | | energy to work, and therefore are | | | unable to earn the income needed | | | to purchase nutritious foods, | | | healthcare and proper housing. | | | Thereby, reducing people's | | | standard of living. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 1 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 1?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 2 important?** | Hunger and malnutrition is the | | | biggest contributor to child | | | mortality. Hunger weakens the | | | immune system and children become | | | too weak to fight off disease, | | | resulting in high incidence of | | | diseases such as diarrhoea, | | | malaria and measles. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | Hunger results in poor health and | | | well-being, low levels of energy | | | and reductions in mental | | | functioning that can reduce | | | people's ability to work and | | | learn. It can decrease the | | | opportunity for individuals to | | | access knowledge and ability to | | | purse their interests. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 2 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 2?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 4 important?** | - - | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | When individuals have access to | | | education and resources to | | | enhance their skills, they are | | | more likely to find employment in | | | a higher-paid job. The income | | | gained from employment allows the | | | individual to have a higher | | | standard of living. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 4 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 4?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 5 important?** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | When women are free from violence | | | and discrimination and have | | | access to an education, they | | | experience improvements in human | | | development because they are | | | better able to meet their | | | potential and lead full and | | | productive lives. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 5 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 5?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 6 important?** | As millions of people globally | | | lack access to clean, safe water | | | and sanitation, resulting in an | | | increase in preventable illnesses | | | and high mortality rates, | | | particularly among children. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | A lack of water can lead to | | | children often having too many | | | hours a day to collect water | | | which can result in them missing | | | many hours of school, reducing | | | their opportunity to gain | | | knowledge and limiting their | | | ability to meet their full | | | potential. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 6 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 6?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why is SDG 13 important?** | Climate change affects the | | | sociocultural and environmental | | | factors that affect health and | | | wellbeing, including clean air, | | | safe drinking water, sufficient | | | food and secure shelter. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Effect on health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on human development** | Climate change **increases the | | | risk of vector-borne disease,** | | | contributing to children | | | requiring more time away from | | | school and limiting opportunities | | | to meet their full potential. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 13 related to SDG | - | | 3?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How is SDG 3 related to SDG | - | | 13?** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***[The World Health Organization (WHO)]*** The directing and coordinating authority for international health within the United Nations. Both the WHO and the UN have a range of strategies aimed at reducing global burdens of disease and promoting human development through the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. ***[Three strategic priorities and goals:]*** - - - - - - - - - - - - - ***[Six Functions/ Examples of WHO (PAT CAN'T SIT DOWN PROPERLY MATE)]*** - - - - - - +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **Emergency | **Bilateral | **Mulitlateral | | | aid** | aid** | aid** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Description** | Immediate | Aid provided by | Aid provided | | | assistance | the government | through an | | | given to people | of one country | international | | | or countries in | | organisation | | | immediate | to the | | | | distress to | government of | | | | relieve | another country | | | | suffering | | | | | during and | | | | | after | | | | | emergencies | | | | | such as | | | | | conflict or | | | | | natural | | | | | disasters. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Purpose** | Short-term | - meet the | Contributes to | | | assistance | needs of | the achievement | | | designed to | the country | of equity in | | | address | and its | health and | | | immediate needs | people | wellbeing and | | | and keeps | | promotes human | | | people alive | - build | development | | | | relationshi | | | | | ps | | | | | between | | | | | countries | | | | | (may be | | | | | given for | | | | | poltiical | | | | | or | | | | | strategic | | | | | reasons) | | | | | | | | | | - promote | | | | | health and | | | | | wellbeing, | | | | | sustainable | | | | | economic | | | | | growth and | | | | | prosperity | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Example** | Providing food, | - Support | Addressing | | | clothing, | large | global issues: | | | healthcare and | infrastruct | | | | shelter | ure | - global | | | following a | projects | warming, | | | natural | | | | | disaster such | - Fund small | - control of | | | as an | community- | diseases | | | earthquake | based | (COVID-19) | | | | projects | | | | | such as | - major | | | | immunisatio | infrastruct | | | | n | ure | | | | programs | projects | | | | | such as | | | | - Building | roads and | | | | schools and | sanitation | | | | providing | systems | | | | education | | | | | programs | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Real | | Australia | | | example** | | providng | | | | | bilateral aid | | | | | to Papua New | | | | | Guinea to fund | | | | | for education | | | | | programs, | | | | | developing | | | | | skills and | | | | | establishing a | | | | | farming | | | | | industry in | | | | | communities | | | | | experiencing | | | | | poverty. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **How it | - Provides | - Seeks to | - Reducing | | promotes health | the | reduce | global | | and wellbeing** | necessary | poverty | warming | | | needs such | which means | decreases | | | as clean | people are | diseases | | | water, | able to | like | | | food, | afford | asthma, | | | healthcare | life-enhacn | stroke, | | | and | ing | malaria, | | | shelter, | resources | and | | | which aims | such as | diarrhoea, | | | to protect | food, | improving | | | people from | clothing | **physical | | | communicabl | shelter. | health.** | | | e | This | | | | diseases | protects | - Fewer | | | and to keep | people from | forced | | | people | communicabl | relocations | | | alive, | e | due to | | | which | diseases | rising sea | | | promotes | and | levels | | | **physical | promotes | improve | | | health and | **physical | **mental, | | | wellbeing** | health and | emotional, | | | | wellbeing.* | social, and | | | - Promote | * | spiritual | | | **mental | | health.** | | | health and | - Education | | | | wellbeing** | programs | | | | as the | promote | | | | supply of | **social | | | | emergency | health and | | | | needs can | wellbeing** | | | | reduce | as children | | | | stress and | and adults | | | | anxiety in | come | | | | the short | together to | | | | term | learn. | | | | | | | | | | - Reducing | | | | | poverty | | | | | reduces | | | | | stress, | | | | | which | | | | | improves | | | | | **mental | | | | | health and | | | | | wellbeing.* | | | | | * | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **How it | - Keeps | - Reducing | - Reducing | | promotes human | people | poverty and | the | | development** | alive to | improving | transmissio | | | support | health and | n | | | further | wellbeing | of diseases | | | actions to | supports | helps | | | promote | people to | people live | | | longer-term | live a long | a long and | | | human | and healthy | healthy | | | development | life by | life. | | | | reducing | | | | - Helps | ill health. | - When people | | | preserve | | are not | | | human | - With | forced to | | | rights as a | reduced | relocate, | | | condition | poverty | communities | | | for human | people are | and | | | development | more likely | villages | | | | to have the | are | | | | resources | retained | | | | to achieve | and people | | | | a decent | are more | | | | standard of | empowered | | | | living. | to | | | | | participate | | | | | in | | | | | community | | | | | and | | | | | political | | | | | life. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ ***[Non-government organisation (NGO)]*** --- non-profit organisations work to promote health and well-being and human development and they operate separately from governments. [Advantages of NGOS] - - - - - ***[The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)]*** currently manages the Australian Government's overseas aid program. **Australia's aid work is based on: '**promoting prosperity, reducing poverty, enhancing stability'. **Purposes of Australia's aid program:** to promote our national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. [Two development outcomes:] - -  ***[Australian Government Aid Priorities --- BEIGE-A]*** - - - - - - ***[Types of aid the Australian government contributes to:]*** - - - - - ***[Type of partnerships]*** - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **World Vision** | **Red Cross** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Description/ Aim** | **World Vision is an | Australian Red Cross | | | NGO that works with | is a volunteer-based | | | children, families | organisation that | | | and communities | exists to reduce | | | around the world to | human suffering | | | overcome poverty and | | | | injustice.** | - - | | | | | | | - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Effect on health | - - - - - | - - - - - | | and wellbeing** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Effect on human | When children lack | The Red Cross | | development** | nutritious foods, | provides widespread | | | they are more | training in first aid | | | susceptible to | and emergency | | | malnutrition and | preparedness, | | | disease. | equipping people with | | | | the skills needed to | | | This can impact the | respond to health | | | development of the | crises. This training | | | brain, making it | not only saves lives | | | difficult to learn | but also empowers | | | and increasing the | individuals with | | | risk of disease. | valuable knowledge to | | | | develop their skills. | | | When malnourished | and to live with | | | children become | dignity. | | | adults, they will be | | | | more likely to find | | | | it difficult to work | | | | and earn a higher | | | | income, thereby, | | | | continuing the cycle | | | | of poverty and | | | | preventing them from | | | | reaching their full | | | | potential and having | | | | a decent standard of | | | | living. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ ***[Features of Effective Aid]*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effective Aid Program** | WaterAid is an international NGO | | | dedicated to the provision of | | | clean and safe domestic water and | | | sanitation and hygiene education | | | to the world's poorest people. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Purpose** | WaterAid enables the world's | | | poorest people to gain access to | | | clean water, decent toilets and | | | good hygiene, allowing them to | | | unlock their potential | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SDGs addressed** | **SDG 6: Clean water and | | | sanitation** | | | | | | - - | | | | | | **SDG 1: No poverty** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 2: Zero Hunger** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 3: Good health and | | | wellbeing** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 4: Quality education.** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 5: Gender equality.** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Implementation of the program | - - - | | and** | | | | | | **partnerships involved** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Contribution to health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Contribution to human | Adults are able to participate in | | development** | the life of their community, and | | | children attend school. This | | | program has assisted in creating | | | an environment in which people | | | can develop to their full | | | potential and lead productive | | | lives. They are attending school, | | | gaining secure employment and now | | | living a longer, healthier life. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Evaluate effectiveness** | **Results focused:** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **Country ownership** | | | | | | - - | | | | | | **Inclusive partnerships** | | | | | | - - | | | | | | **Transparency and mutual | | | accountability** | | | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effective Aid Program** | World Food Programme: School | | | Meals | +===================================+===================================+ | **Purpose** | - - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SDGs addressed** | **SDG 2: Zero Hunger** | | | | | | - - | | | | | | **SDG 1: No poverty** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 3: Good health and | | | wellbeing** | | | | | | - - - | | | | | | **SDG 4: Quality education.** | | | | | | - | | | | | | **SDG 5: Gender equality.** | | | | | | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Implementation of the program | Provide breakfast or lunch | | and** | (sometimes both) to children | | | while they are at school, or as | | **partnerships involved** | take-home rations, where families | | | are given food if their children | | | are attending school. | | | | | | The program sources local food, | | | generating employment and | | | economic opportunities for the | | | local community. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Contribution to health and | - - - - - | | wellbeing** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Contribution to human | - - - | | development** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Evaluate effectiveness** | - - | | | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***[Social Action:]*** Individual or group behaviour that involves interaction with other individuals or groups; organised action toward social reform. [Why people might engage in social action:] - - - - - [Examples of social action] - - - - More detailssss at the bottom I tried putting it landscape but i keep changing the whole doc :( People Should Eat Food Including Some Sustainable Salad Every Day +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **PREREQUISITE** | **HOW IT CONTRIBUTES | **HOW IT CONTRIBUTES | | | TO IMPROVED H&W** | TO IMPROVED HEALTH | | | | STATUS** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **PEACE** | - When countries | In the absence of | | | are experiencing | conflict in a | | The absence of | peace individuals | country, the | | conflict within a | are less likely | government can direct | | community, region or | to experience | money to the health | | country | injury, | sector → more support | | | disability or | for physical and | | | premature death | mental health issues | | | as a result of | → reducing rates of | | | conflict | premature death... | | | promoting | thus increasing | | | **physical** h&w | **life expectancy and | | | | mortality** | | | - infrastructure | | | | such as places of | | | | worship are less | | | | likely to be | | | | destroyed and are | | | | more accessible. | | | | This allows | | | | people to | | | | continue to have | | | | a safe space to | | | | practise their | | | | beliefs and feel | | | | a sense of | | | | belonging within | | | | their | | | | congregation, | | | | improving | | | | **spiritual** h&w | | | | | | | | - Peaceful | | | | environment -\> | | | | individuals free | | | | to go about their | | | | daily lives and | | | | socialise -\> | | | | allowing them to | | | | maintain | | | | meaningful | | | | relationships -\> | | | | promoting | | | | **social** H&W | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **SHELTER** | - Provides | Adequate shelter | | | protection from | minimises the | | A structure that | extreme weather, | potential for | | protects the outside | decreases the | structural damage to | | environment | likelihood of | occur and reduces the | | | developing | risk of shelters | | | illness and | collapsing... thus | | | communicable | **decreasing | | | diseases, | morbidity rates** | | | promotes | from injuries | | | **physical** h&w | | | | | | | | - Promotes feelings | | | | of privacy, | | | | safety and | | | | security, reduces | | | | stress which | | | | promotes | | | | **mental** h&w | | | | | | | | - Provides a place | | | | for people to | | | | gather and | | | | creates a sense | | | | of belonging for | | | | the people, | | | | promoting | | | | **spiritual and | | | | social** h&w | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **EDUCATION** | - Increases | Education regarding | | | understanding of | health literacy such | | Ensuring that all | concepts such as | as vaccination for | | children can complete | nutrition, which | children, will | | a full course of | can promote | increase vaccination | | primary and secondary | **physical** h&w | rates, leading to a | | schooling and that | | **decreased U5MR** | | everyone can gain the | - Increases choices | | | skills | and opportunities | | | | in life, | | | | promoting a sense | | | | of purpose and | | | | therefore | | | | promotes | | | | **spiritual** h&w | | | | | | | | - Improves social | | | | skills, thus | | | | improving | | | | relations and | | | | promoting | | | | **social** H&W | | | | | | | | - Higher income | | | | which improves | | | | living standards | | | | and promotes | | | | **physical** H&W | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **FOOD** | - - - | Builds strong immune | | | | systems to reduce the | | Food security is the | | risk of infectious | | state in which all | | diseases, | | persons obtain | | **increasing life | | nutritionally | | expectancy** | | adequate, culturally | | | | appropriate, safe | | | | food regularly | | | | through local, | | | | non-emergency | | | | sources. | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **INCOME** | - - - | Increased access to | | | | healthcare needed, | | Being able to access | | reducing the time | | adequate financial | | spent in poor health | | resources to have a | | and **increasing life | | decent standard of | | expe