Plumbing Pipes PDF

PART 2 PLUMBING MATERIALS PLUMBING PIPES INTRODUCTION There are numerous kind of materials Not all of these materials enumerated however available for plumbing installation but so far , , will be used in one plumbing system the most popular and commonly used are : install...

PART 2 PLUMBING MATERIALS PLUMBING PIPES INTRODUCTION There are numerous kind of materials Not all of these materials enumerated however available for plumbing installation but so far , , will be used in one plumbing system the most popular and commonly used are : installation. The choice of the kind of pipe to be installed , depends upon the following 1. CAST IRON SOIL PIPE considerations : 2. ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE 3. ASBESTOS PIPE 1. Quality and durability 4. BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE 2. Resistance to external and internal contact 5. VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE with foreign matters. 6. LEAD PIPE 3. Resistance to acid waste and other 7. GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE chemical elements that will pass into it. 8. GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON PIPE 4. Cost of materials and labor. 9. BRASS PIPE 10.COPPER PIPE 11.STAINLESS STEEL PIPE 12.PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE PLUMBING PIPES CAST IRON SOIL PIPE For the past several decades , the most popular and generally specified material for drainage system in buildings is the CAST IRON PIPE. It is durable conveniently installed and answer to the most plumbing needs of all types of buildings less than 25 storey high. However , buildings taller than 25 storey do not specify the use of cast iron pipe because of constant vibrations which causes water leak of the pipe joints. To a certain extent , cast iron pipe is also affected by corrosion caused by the action of carbon dioxide , sulfur oxide and methane gases forming solutions of carbonic acid and sulfuric acid. These acids attack the metallic material causing a slow chemical reaction or oxidation to take place forming ferrous oxide called rust. PLUMBING PIPES CAST IRON SOIL PIPE 2 TYPES OF CAST IRON PIPES 1. The SV TYPE which is generally used for building installations. 2. The XV TYPE classified as extra duty pipe used for underground installations. 4 TYPES OF CAST IRON PIPES 1. Standard pipe 2. Single Hub pipe 3. Double Hub pipe 4. Hubless pipe PLUMBING PIPES CAST IRON SOIL PIPE PLUMBING PIPES ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE Acid resistant cast iron pipe is made from alloy of cast iron and silicon. It is widely used in Chemical Laboratories , industries and other installations where acid wastes are being discharge. Basically , this type of pipe is brittle in character and requires stronger support for each pipe installed horizontally to prevent sagging of joints. PLUMBING PIPES ASBESTOS PIPE Asbestos pipe is made of asbestos fibers and Portland cement. The thickness of the pipe is twice as that of the standard cast iron pipe. Asbestos pipe could be used as soil , waste , ventilation and downspout. This kind of pipe is remarkably superior for embedment in concrete structure for having the same material properties. PLUMBING PIPES BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE Bituminous fiber sewer pipe is the cheapest among the sewer pipes. It is sometimes recommended for house sewer and for septic tank installation. This type of pipe is light in weight , slightly flexible which could take slight soil movement without danger of cracking or pulling out from its joint. However , excessive hot water or chemical flow may soften or damage the pipe. PLUMBING PIPES VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE Vitrified clay pipe is one of the oldest materials used for sewer lines. It is made out from clay , cast into length of 75 centimeters treated with glazing compound. The pipe is heated in a large kiln under a temperature of 1370 ° C , making it impervious to moisture. Clay pipe is highly resistant to most acid wastes. It is a durable material for underground installations like public sewer , house sewer or storm drain. Being made of clay , its physical property is brittle. Hence , it should not be laid on unstable ground base. PLUMBING PIPES LEAD PIPE Lead Pipe is also one of the oldest plumbing materials used by the Egyptians , the Greeks and the Roman builders as soil and waste pipe. Lead is highly resistant to acid and is suitable for underground installation. But because lead is poisonous and injurious to human health , it is never used to convey water for human consumption. PLUMBING PIPES GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE Galvanized steel pipe is made out from mild steel , drawn through a die and welded , cast into 6.00 meters long. This type of pipe is easily corroded by alkaline and acid water. The carbonic acid in water , attack the zinc coating and ultimately the steel itself. It is subject to deposits of salt and lime that gradually accumulate and finally choke the flow of water. Galvanized steel pipe deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply line. PLUMBING PIPES GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON PIPE Galvanized wrought iron pipe is better in quality than the steel pipe for plumbing installation. Tests showed that wrought iron pipe is more resistant to acid waste than the steel pipe. PLUMBING PIPES BRASS PIPE Brass pipe is one of the most expensive types of pipe. This pipe is made of an alloy or zinc and copper mixed at 15 % and 85 % proportion respectively. Because of its smooth interior surface and high resistance to acid , brass pipe become superior material for waste and water supply installations , Brass pipe fittings are of the recessed type similar in design with galvanized steel pipe. PLUMBING PIPES COPPER PIPE Copper pipe is a durable and extremely corrosive resistant material. It is easy to install compared with other types of pipe. Comparatively , copper pipe cost little more than the steel pipe , but its fittings cost lesser than that of the steel pipe. And because of its very smooth interior surface , one size smaller pipe could be used instead , without substantial reduction of liquid flow. PLUMBING PIPES COPPER PIPE 3 TYPES (depending upon its wall thickness) 1. 1. The K TYPE is the heaviest. It is suitable for underground installation. 2. The L TYPE is lighter than the K type available in both the rigid and flexible form. It is commonly used in residential water supply line and for radiant heating installations 3. The M TYPE is the thinnest and available only in a rigid form. This type of copper pipe is specially designed for small water supply lines and for radiant heating installations. PLUMBING PIPES STAINLESS STEEL PIPE Stainless steel is known for its high strength and resistance to corrosion, heat and chemical damage. These properties mean stainless steel fittings can be used in virtually any application in various condition and environments. The chemical composition of stainless steel indubitably offers the best hygiene guarantees, making it the best choice for drinking water systems. PLUMBING PIPES PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE Plastic pipe is a new concept in the field of plumbing. It was introduced in the Philippines at the early part of 70's , although this type of materials was developed in Germany in the mid year of 1935. Plastic pipe has gained widespread acceptance after it has in many ways proven itself to be superior as SEWER and COLD WATER pipe line. TYPES OF PLASTIC SYNTHETIC PIPES a. The RIGID type b. The FLEXIBLE type PLUMBING PIPES PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE RIGID TYPE OF PLASTIC PIPES : 1. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ( PVC ) (3 to 6 m) 2. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride ( CPVC ) 3. UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ( uPVC ) (3 to 6 m) 1. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ( ABS ) 2. POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM ( PPR ) (4 m) 3. Styrene Rubber Plastic ( SR ) FLEXIBLE TYPE OF PLASTIC PIPES : 1. The Polyethylene ( PE ) (up to 30 m) 2. The Polybutylene ( PB ) (30 to 150 m) PLUMBING PIPES PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE GOOD FOR HOT WATER LINES? Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride ( CPVC ) Polyvinyl Dichloride ( PVDC ) Polypropylene Random ( PPR ) It seems to be all right , but whether it could withstand hot water at 180 ° F or higher temperature , plus the pressure of hot water for years without any amount of substantial collapse or damage to itself , is still a matter of facts to be proven. Thus , extensive research is still going on to develop plastic pipes suitable for hot water. Polypropylene Random ( PPR ) PLUMBING PIPES ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC PIPE 7. The Polyethylene ( PE ) pipe is flexible material that weights about 1/8 as much as the steel pipe. 1. Plastic pipe is more resistant to rust and corrosion. For instance , a 100 meters 25 mm diameter coil plastic pipe could be easily carried by one 2. Water conveyed by plastic pipe has no pipe tastes. individual compared with metal pipes having the same length and diameter which could be hardly 3. The extreme smooth interior surface prevents the carried by 5 persons. buildup of scale , rust , and foreign material that often impedes flow through metallic pipes. 8. PVC pipe can be connected to existing metal pipe using a threaded adapter. 4. There is no turbulence of water and therefore , has a minimum resistance to flow. 9. PVC is virtually acid proof to any chemical used in recommended strengths around the home. 5. PVC pipe and fittings weighs about 1/5 of the metal pipe. They are easily and quickly installed through 10. No special tools are needed for installing PVC solvent cementing. except a rule to measure and a saw to cut. 6. Plastic pipes are cast in longer length and easy to 11. The best reason at all - YOU CAN DO IT cut as well as to install. YOURSELF! PIPE FITTINGS COLD WATER LINE PIPE FITTINGS: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) FITTING AND MATERIALS COUPLING ADOPTER (Male and Female) PLUG CAP ¼ (90˚) ELBOW (Plain / Threaded / Reducer) TEE (Plain / Threaded / Reducer) TEFLON TAPE UNION PATENTE PVC SOLVENT PIPE FITTINGS COLD WATER LINE PIPE FITTINGS: POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM (PPR) FITTING AND MATERIALS COUPLING (Reducer) ADOPTER (Male and Female) PLUG or CAP ¼ (90˚) ELBOW (Plain / Threaded / Reducer) 1/8 (45˚) ELBOW (Plain) TEE (Plain / Male or Female Threaded / Reducer) UNION PATENTE (Plain / Male or Female Threaded) BRIDGE ELBOW FUSION MACHINE PIPE FITTINGS DWV or STORM LINE PIPE FITTINGS: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) FITTING AND MATERIALS ¼ (90˚) ELBOW 1/8 (45˚) ELBOW END CAP / CLEAN-OUT CAP COUPLING (Reducer or Bushing) SINGLE or DOUBLE WYE (Equal / Reducer) SINGLE or DOUBLE TEE (Equal / Reducer) LONG-SWEEP WYE SHORT-SWEEP WYE P-TRAP (With or Without Plug) PVC SOLVENT THANK YOU!