Overview of Diseases and Pathogens PDF

Summary

This document is a quiz on diseases and pathogens. It covers various aspects of biology, from herd immunity to the transmission of diseases.

Full Transcript

Overview of Diseases and Pathogens Your Name: 1. Why is herd immunity considered important for community health? A. It protects individuals who cannot be vaccinated. B. It eliminates all bacterial infections. C. It ensures all individuals are vaccinated. D. It allows for lower vaccinat...

Overview of Diseases and Pathogens Your Name: 1. Why is herd immunity considered important for community health? A. It protects individuals who cannot be vaccinated. B. It eliminates all bacterial infections. C. It ensures all individuals are vaccinated. D. It allows for lower vaccination rates among the general population. 2. What is a major consequence of overusing antibiotics? A. It leads to the effective treatment of viral infections. B. It causes the development of antibiotic resistance. C. It prevents bacterial infections from spreading. D. It creates stronger antibiotics that can treat all infections. 3. Which of the following statements about antibiotics is true? A. Antibiotics can treat both bacterial and viral infections. B. Penicillin has no impact on human health. C. Antibiotics are completely safe with no side effects. D. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. 4. How can individuals help reduce antibiotic resistance? A. Take leftover prescriptions at any time. B. Complete the full prescription as directed. C. Share antibiotics with others. D. Use antibiotics for every type of infection. 5. Which of the following statements regarding antibiotic resistance is correct? A. Only viral infections cause antibiotic resistance. B. Antibiotic resistance is not a significant threat to health. C. Antibiotic resistance is a leading threat to human health. D. World Health Organisation has dismissed concerns about antibiotic resistance. 6. What is the primary method through which fungi reproduce? A. By binary fission B. By fragmentation or budding C. By creating viruses D. Through symbiosis with other organisms 7. Which infection is NOT caused by fungi? A. Thrush B. Ringworm C. COVID-19 D. Tinea/Athlete’s Foot 8. Why are viruses not considered living organisms? A. They do not contain any form of genetic material B. They cannot reproduce without a host cell C. They lack a protective protein shell D. They can reproduce independently 9. Which of the following is a common feature of all viruses? A. A large genome of RNA B. A protective protein shell or capsid C. Multiple cellular organelles D. A cell membrane surrounding the virus 10. What is the first step in the reproductive cycle of a virus? A. The host cell bursts open and releases new viruses B. The virus injects its DNA into the host cell C. The host cell replicates its own DNA D. The virus enters the host cell by endocytosis 11. Which of the following diseases is a viral infection? A. Rubella B. Ringworm C. Athlete's Foot D. Thrush 12. What public health strategy helps authorities assess risks during an outbreak? A. Public gatherings B. Mandatory vaccinations C. Wastewater testing D. Social distancing 13. Which of the following is NOT a strategy to stop the spread of diseases? A. Lockdowns and isolating B. Promotion of large social gatherings C. Contract tracing D. Vaccination programs 14. Which disease is classified as an acquired non-communicable disease? A. Osteoporosis B. Haemophilia C. Diabetes D. Lactose Intolerance 15. Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan pathogen? A. Influenza B. Tetanus C. Cholera D. Giardiasis 16. What type of disease is cancer primarily classified as? A. Inherited Disease B. Infectious Disease C. Acquired Non-communicable Disease D. Congenital Disease 17. Which of the following is a characteristic of congenital diseases? A. Only involve communicable diseases B. Can be inherited or arise from environmental factors during pregnancy C. Exclusive to adults D. Always caused by pathogens 18. Which disease is transmitted through environmental factors rather than pathogens? A. Measles B. Malaria C. Schizophrenia D. Tuberculosis 19. What type of pathogen is responsible for causing thrush? A. Fungi B. Bacteria C. Virus D. Protozoa 20. Which of the following options is NOT a type of non-infectious disease? A. Diabetes B. Asthma C. Cystic Fibrosis D. Obesity 21. Which type of non-communicable disease is associated with lifestyle factors? A. Tuberculosis B. Anemia C. Cancer D. Malaria 22. What is the primary function of the body's first line of defence? A. To eliminate pathogens that have already entered the body. B. To signal other immune cells to respond to infections. C. To produce antibodies against specific pathogens. D. To stop pathogens from entering the body. 23. Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the first line of defence? A. Intact skin B. Saliva C. Nose hairs D. Cilia in the throat 24. What role do Mast Cells play in the second line of defence? A. They release histamine to increase blood flow. B. They produce antibodies specific to pathogens. C. They directly consume pathogens through phagocytosis. D. They signal for the production of more immune cells. 25. Which statement accurately describes the second line of defence? A. It involves immediate action without prior exposure to pathogens. B. It operates exclusively through chemical reactions. C. It is solely dependent on physical barriers. D. It includes barriers such as skin and mucus. 26. During which phase does the body experience redness, swelling, heat, and pain? A. The first line of defence B. The immune cell activation phase C. The incubation period D. The inflammatory response 27. What is the primary role of fever in the immune response? A. To slow down the immune response B. To directly kill pathogens C. To enhance the production of blood clots D. To create a hostile environment for pathogens 28. What is the purpose of chemical barriers in the first line of defence? A. To produce antibodies against pathogens. B. To enhance phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells. C. To create an acidic environment to kill pathogens. D. To block the entry of pathogens at the skin surface. 29. Which of the following is an example of a biological barrier? A. Nasal hairs B. Saliva C. Good bacteria in the intestines D. Skin 30. Which of the following immune cells is NOT classified as a phagocyte? A. Monocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper cells D. Neutrophils 31. What happens during the incubation period after infection? A. The body immediately shows symptoms. B. Physical barriers are enforced to stop the pathogen. C. The pathogen multiplies and builds up toxins. D. The immune system is activated. 32. What is a characteristic of the non-specific immune response? A. It activates only when a fever occurs B. It provides a rapid response to any invading pathogen C. It relies on specialized T and B cells D. It requires prior exposure to a pathogen 33. What distinguishes the third line of defense from the first and second lines of defense? A. It relies on the production of blood clots B. It only occurs after a fever has developed C. It involves specialized white blood cells that target specific pathogens D. It is immediate and non-specific 34. What is the function of memory B cells in the immune system? A. To destroy infected cells B. To initiate the non-specific immune response C. To produce antibodies regardless of the pathogen D. To remember specific pathogens for quicker responses 35. How does the immune system differentiate between 'self' and 'non-self'? A. By recognizing microbial lipids B. Through the production of antibodies C. Using the unique shapes called antigens present on pathogens D. Via the activation of phagocytes only 36. Which statement about B cells is true? A. B cells do not produce antibodies B. B cells primarily function by destroying infected cells C. B cells are responsible for memory storage of pathogens D. B cells are part of the non-specific immune response 37. What role do phagocytes play in the immune response? A. They remove antigens from the body B. They provide immediate recognition of pathogens C. They trigger the production of antibodies D. They ingest and absorb invading pathogens

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