Human Health and Diseases Capsule Notes PDF

Causes of cancer (Carcinogens): o Biopsy: Histopathological studies of suspected tissue. Physical agents: Radiations - X-rays, gamma rays, UV. o Imaging techniques: Radiography, CT scan & MRI. Chemical agents: Tobacco smoke, vinyl chloride, o Use of a...

Causes of cancer (Carcinogens): o Biopsy: Histopathological studies of suspected tissue. Physical agents: Radiations - X-rays, gamma rays, UV. o Imaging techniques: Radiography, CT scan & MRI. Chemical agents: Tobacco smoke, vinyl chloride, o Use of antibodies against cancer-specific antigens. nicotine, etc. o Molecular biology technique: To detect cancer Biological agents: Oncogenic viruses, c-onc (cellular related genes. oncogenes or proto oncogenes) etc. Treatment of cancer: Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Cancer detection and diagnosis: lmmunotherapy & Surgery. DRUGS, SMOKING AND ALCOHOL ABUSE DRUGS It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca. 1. Opioids: E.g. morphine, heroin, brown sugar. It interferes transport of neurotransmitter dopamine. Morphine is extracted from latex of Papaver It stimulates CNS producing euphoria & energy. somniferum (poppy plant). It is a sedative & SMOKING painkiller. Used in surgery. Tobacco contains nicotine etc. Heroin (smack or diacetylmorphine) is obtained by Smoking causes cancers of lung, urinary bladder and acetylation of morphine. It is a depressant. throat, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease, 2. Cannabinoids: Obtained from Cannabis sativa gastric ulcer etc. Tobacco chewing causes oral cancer. (Hemp plant). Includes marijuana, hashish, charas & Smoking increases CO content in blood and reduces ganja. They affect cardiovascular system. oxyhaemoglobin. This causes 02 deficiency in the body. 3. Coca alkaloid or cocaine (coke or crack): ADOLESCENCE & DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE Causes of drug/alcohol use in Adolescence Depression, fatigue, aggressive & rebellious. - Curiosity and Experimentation. Loss of interest in hobbies. - Need for adventure and excitement. Deteriorating relationships with family and friends. - Stress from pressure to excel in academics. Side effects of anabolic steroid abuse - Television, movies, newspapers, internet etc. In males: - Peer pressure. Acne, premature baldness. Addiction: Psychological attachment with drugs & Mood swings & depression, increased aggressiveness. alcohol. Reduced testicles & decreased sperms. Dependence: Body manifests unpleasant withdrawal Enlargement of Breast & prostate gland. syndrome if drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued. In females: This results in anxiety, shakiness, nausea and sweating. Masculinisation, excessive hair growth Effects of Drug/alcohol abuse Mood swings & depression, increased aggressiveness Reckless behaviour, vandalism and violence. Abnormal menstrual cycle, deepening of voice Coma and death. Enlargement of clitoris Damage of nervous system and liver cin-hosis. Prevention and control Causes mental and social distress to family and friends. Avoid undue peer pressure. Social problems like stealing and spread of diseases. Education and counselling. Warning signs of drug/alcohol abuse in Adolescence Seeking help from parents and peers. Drop in academic performance. Looking for danger signs. Lack of interest in personal hygiene. Seeking professional and medical help. Withdrawal and isolation. f r, @ VIDEO SLIDES OF THIS QUESTION CLASS CHAPTER BANK CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD OTHER CAPSULE NOTES www.bankofbiology.com