Origin-of-the-Solar-System.pdf

PRAYER ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Theories Of The Origins Of The Solar System, Structure Of Solar System, Space Objects In The Solar System HTTPS://WWW.EINSTEIN- ONLINE.INFO/EN/SPOTLIGHT/BBN/  Learn about It! “NUCLEOSYNTHESIS” Nucleosynthesis​ is the formation of elements, such as H and...

PRAYER ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Theories Of The Origins Of The Solar System, Structure Of Solar System, Space Objects In The Solar System HTTPS://WWW.EINSTEIN- ONLINE.INFO/EN/SPOTLIGHT/BBN/  Learn about It! “NUCLEOSYNTHESIS” Nucleosynthesis​ is the formation of elements, such as H and He. Presence of these elements led to the formation of stars and galaxies. Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He) HTTPS://WWW.INDEPENDENT.CO.UK/NEWS/SCIENCE/AFTERG LOW-BIG-BANG-CAPTURED-SATELLITE-2019173.HTML HTTPS://WWW.IFLSCIENCE.COM/SPACE/UNLOCKIN G-MYSTERY-FIRST-BILLION-YEARS-UNIVERSE/ HTTPS://SOCRATIC.ORG/QUESTIONS/WHEN-DID- THE-FIRST-STARS-AND-GALAXIES-FORM HTTPS://THECONVERSATION.COM/EXPLAINER-A- BEGINNERS-GUIDE-TO-THE-GALAXY-49 THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  THE MILKY WAY https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/space/article/milky -way https://www.go-astronomy.com/milky-way-galaxy.htm https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/context/visits-proxima-centauri-planet-probably-millennia-away THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Learn about It! The Solar Nebular Theory According to the Solar Nebular Theory, the solar system originated from a nebula. It is the widely accepted view about the formation of the solar system some 4.5 billion years ago.  Learn about It! The Solar Nebular Theory A nebula is defined by NASA as giant cloud of gas and dust in space. This interstellar cloud of dust contains hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Dusty discs surrounding nearby young stars  Learn about It! Major Steps in the Formation of the Solar System The formation of the solar system from a nebula occurs in three major steps: (1) cloud collapse, (2) formation of protoplanetary disk, and (3) growth of planets. The Solar System  Learn about It! Step 1: Cloud Collapse Hypothetically, a shockwave from a supernova or the effect of a passing star may cause a cloud collapse. The collapse at the center of the cloud due to gravity occurs when gas pressure becomes insufficient to support the mass of the cloud. The collapsed cloud of interstellar gas and dust results to a smaller radius which means it will spin faster.  Learn about It! Collapsing of the cloud makes it spin faster. Cloud Collapse  Learn about It! Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk  Learn about It! Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk Metals and silicates could exist near the sun because these compounds have higher boiling points. As a result, terrestrial planets were eventually formed containing high Terrestrial planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. concentration of these compounds.  Learn about It! Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk The terrestrial planets could not grow in huge diameter because of the limited reserve of metallic elements in the solar nebula. Terrestrial planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.  Learn about It! Step 3: Growth of Planets Dust and grains surrounding the sun eventually formed clumps. These clumps then accreted forming planetesimals. Planetesimal is a small celestial body that once collide together, it tend to fused to form the planets of the solar system.  Learn about It! Step 3: Growth of Planets Growth of planets in the nebular theory.  Learn about It! Proponents of the Solar Nebular Theory Emanuel Swedenborg Immanuel Kant Pierre-Simon Laplace Emmanuel Immanuel Pierre-Simon Swedenborg Kant Laplace (1688–172) (1724–1804) (1749–1827)  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Nebular Theory Particles surrounding Saturn repel each other which is contrary to the assumption that dust particles will be attached to each other forming a planet. It does not follow the law of angular momentum because if the nebular theory is correct then the sun should be spinning at a higher rate than the others.  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Nebular Theory It did not consider Uranus and Venus, which rotates in a clockwise direction while other planets rotates in a counterclockwise direction. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Solar system began from a nebula In the span of 50 million years, gases condensed to form protoplanets THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM William Hunter McCrea  Center of nebula gained mass and density The center attracted more particles to coalesce at the center This movement caused the system to spin When the center reached critical mass, the combined effect of pressure, temperature, density resulted in nuclear fusion. A nuclear fusion marked the birth of our sun. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Learn about It! The Encounter Theory (Tidal) The Encounter Theory proposes that the planets were formed from the material ejected from the sun during an encounter with another celestial object, such as another star. An artistic visualization of the encounter theory  Learn about It! The Tidal Theory The Tidal Theory explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the sun. The lengthy tidal tails of the colliding antennae galaxies THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Learn about It! Proponents of the Tidal Theory The tidal theory was proposed by James Jeans, an English physicist and astronomer, and Harold Jeffreys, an English mathematician and astronomer in 1918. Sir James Jeans  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Tidal Theory One problem of the tidal theory is that the hot material from either star cannot contract. Thus, planets will not form. Stars Collision  Learn about It! Planetesimal Theory Planetesimal Theory​, is a form of encounter theory. It proposes that a passing star termed as intruding star collided with the protosun. The massive gravitational pull of the intruding star causes the protosun to eject filaments of material which then condensed into planetesimals. This theory describes how Earth started from a solid mass smaller than its present size. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Learn about It! Proponents of the Planetesimal Theory Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin proposed that accretion of minute solid particles created planets and their moons rather than by gaseous or liquid material condensation. Forest Ray Moulton provided the mathematical calculations to Thomas Chrowder Forest Ray Chamberlin’s idea. Chamberlin Moulton  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Planetesimal Theory Planetesimal theory is no longer accepted today due to the fact that hot material from the sun expands and dissipates rather than contract. In addition, the force from the passing star will pull dust and gases far away from the sun, that they would not be able to form the planets in the solar system. Capture theory somewhat like Tidal theory The sun, through its gravity, captured stellar matter from another passing star. They orbited the sun and after millions of years turned into planets through accretion of many space debris. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Michael Mark Woolfson Modern Laplacian Theory Pierre-Simon Laplace  Modern Laplacian Theory French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace first suggested in 1796 that the Sun and the planets formed in a rotating nebula which cooled and collapsed. The theory argued that this nebula condensed into rings, which eventually formed the planets and a central mass - the Sun. The slow spin Pierre-Simon Laplace of the Sun could not be explained.  Modern Laplacian Theory The modern version assumes that the central condensation contains solid dust grains which create drag in the gas as the centre condenses. Eventually, after the core has been slowed, its temperature rises and the dust evaporates. The slowly rotating core becomes the Sun. The planets form from the faster Pierre-Simon Laplace rotating cloud. ENRICHMENT 1. What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand or will it eventually contract because of gravity? Explain your answer briefly. 2. In your own opinion, how did the solar system form?