Oral Communication Q2 M4 2020 PDF

Oral Communication Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 – Module 4: Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Gov...

Oral Communication Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 – Module 4: Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City Development Team of the Self-Learning Module Writer: Cherie M. Olesco Editor: Arlene I. Donor Layout Artist: Marisol Aspuria Baguisi Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Victor M. Javeña EdD Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and OIC- Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Education Program Supervisors Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE) Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM) Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City  Oral Communication Quarter 2 Self-Learning Module 4 Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form Introductory Message For the Facilitator: Welcome to the Oral Communication Self-Learning Module on Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form. This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in- Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource. This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to the Oral Communication Self-Learning Module on Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form. The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that you will learn after completing the module. Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand. Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills that you already know about a previous lesson. Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform. Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the lesson. Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson. Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire module.  EXPECTATIONS This is your self-instructional learner module in Oral Communication in Context. All the activities provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy That Affects the Language Form. Specifically, you will learn the following: 1. explain the shift in speech context, speech style, speech act, and communicative strategy; 2. react to various communication situations; and 3. give reflections on how people interact with each other according to speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy that affects the language form. PRETEST Identify what is being defined or described. Write the letter of the answer on the space before the number. ____ 1. Which of the following deals with the internal grammatical structure of words and phrases as well as the word themselves? A. Language Structure C. Language B. Language Form D. Phonemes _____ 2. What refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which the communication occurs? A. Communicative Competence C. Speech Context B. Speech Act D. Speech Style _____ 3. This refers to the form of language that the speaker utilizes which is characterized by the level of formality. A. Register C. Speech Context B. Speech Act D. Speech Style _____ 4. A plan to achieve communication objectives. This may apply to internal communications, marketing communications and public relations. A. Speech Act B. Communicative Strategy C. Speech Style _____5. These are words or terms specific to a field. A. Register C. Speech Context B. Jargon D. Speech Style RECAP In the previous lesson, you learned about the situations employed in different communicative strategies: Nomination, Restriction, Repair and Termination. To check your knowledge about the past lesson, fill in the box with 2 situations for different communicative strategies given on the table. Nomination Restriction Repair Termination  LESSON Change in any part of the communication process brings change to the entire process. This means that change from one speech style to another, one speech context to another or from one communicative strategy directly or indirectly affects the entire communication process. Today, you will be learning shifts in communication and one of these shifts that affects the communication process is the Language Forms. Language forms deal with the internal grammatical structure of words and phrases as well as the word themselves. When we say language form it can be formal or informal. Example: purchase is formal while buy is informal; inform – formal and tell – informal Form is the style in which a piece of text is written for example novel, short story, play, dramatic monologue, and sonnet. Language is considered as the vocabulary used within a text including language devices, such as pathetic fallacy, personification, direct speech and metaphor. Formal language is characterized by the use of standard English, more complex sentence structures, infrequent use of personal and lack of colloquial or slang terms. Informal language, on the other hand, allows the use of nonstandard English terms, colloquial vocabulary, and typically shorter sentence structures. Consider the following words: investigate, examine, check out. Each of them has a different level of formality. While check out can be used in informal writing and speech, using it I a formal research paper would not be appropriate. Example: Formal: The study examined the health effects of passive smoking. Informal: The study checked out the health effects of passive smoking. Formal: This experiment was successful. Informal: This experiment worked just fine.  Contractions are more casual and if you are striving for more formal style, they should not be used. Contractions in negative sentences should be especially avoided since they are easy to miss. Informal: The outcomes of the study haven’t been documented yet. Formal: The outcomes of the study have not been documented yet. Likewise, a speaker must use the appropriate form of language to be used in a given setting. The technical term for the term for the form of language is register. There are different registers of any given language depending on the formality of the communication setting, participants, topic, and other factors. For example, there are different registers for speaking in a showbiz talk show, funeral, academic forum, casual conversation and others. A speaker must know which register to use and the elements of that register when speaking to specific audience. For example, when a doctor speaks to an audience of doctors, he or she may as a speaker may use medical jargon, which are words or terms specific to a field of medicine. Register may also change because of a shift in topic or setting. For example, during a conference of doctors, a speaker must use formal language but during their entertainment night, the speaker must definitely use informal language because the topic is not academic but about entertaining stuff. Shifts in communication affect the form of language being used. This does not concern the variety of languages but may take the forms that reflect the types of sentences. (Lander, 2016) Can you still recall the types of sentences? These are: Decalarative (making statements), Interrogative (asking questions), Imperative ( commands or requests) Exclamatory (expresses strong emotion ). All of them are parts of language forms. How can we apply language forms in speech context? Blend of language forms are observed in Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication; they both use formal and informal language. In public and mass communication, we often use declaratives and not commands because you are giving information just like speaking for an advocacy in front of a lot of people. Speakers here usually give statements to inform. Reporters on TV and radio use declaratives too since they speak to inform.  For Speech style, we mostly use declaratives too for Formal and Frozen styles, then we can shift to interrogative or asking questions in Consultative style since we are asking for clarification. But as speakers we can shift the blend of declarative, interrogative and exclamatory in casual and intimate style of communication. Language form in Speech Acts also changes. We use declarative for Assertive and Declaration; mostly exclamatory form in Expressive Speech Act. Example: We say, “Wow! Oh!”, when you get amazed with someone or something. But Imperative language form is employed when we give Directives and Commissives. Examples: - DOH shall institute measures to ensure that all accredited COVID-19 laboratories observe transparency in the pricing of tests. - I promise to be on time. For Communicative strategies like Nomination, Turn-taking, and Topic Control we use mixed forms of interrogative and imperative. Examples: - What was the most interesting trend for 2019? - Wait for your turn to speak. Let’s listen first to the present speaker. In Topic Control, Repair and Termination, we mostly use declarative and exclamatory forms of sentences. Examples: This is the topic you must focus with. Let me rephase my statement… Let me end by saying …… Language Structure: language is a “nested structure.” For example: letters are combined to form syllables, syllables are combined to form words, words are combined to form clauses and sentences. (Hawkins, 177) Human language involves two types of structures. In the first, elements from a finite set of meaningless “sounds” are combined into meaningful “words” and parts of words, known as “morphemes.” Linguists call this “phonology.” The rules of phonology cover “intonation” and “rhythm,” as well as the way specific sounds can be combined. In the second type of structure, words and morphemes are combined into “phrases.” This is what linguists call “syntax.” (Kenneally, 154) (Includes) factors involved in carrying out a structural analysis of language, whether spoken, written or signed. In general, form refers to the shape and structure of something. It can also mean the organization, placement and relationship between things. As such, language form refers to the so-called surface features of language and how these are arranged. The rules that govern how particular language features are arranged are the grammar of the language. When we shift into any of the four: speech style, speech context, speech act and communicative strategy, it affects the language a lot. It gives a completely different impression to the listener and changes the duration of interaction considerably. The language form is also changed with the change of vocabulary and strategy. In speaking situations such as dyad, small group, public and mass communication, language shifts depending on who we are speaking to and the language we use. Language form also shifts depending on the environment or the atmosphere where communication takes place. Like for example, a mother and daughter (dyad) talking about a certain situation at home. The language that they use when they communicate to each other may be different when they are in a group and when they are at home. For when they are at home, they can comfortably communicate than when they are in public. The language they use may vary. Examples:  Speech Context Dyad (Best friend): Are you hanging with the gang tonight? Dyad (Best friend’s mother): Miss Lopez may I ask for your permission to allow your daughter to have a dinner party with us tonight? (Change of tone and words are carefully thought out.)  Speech Styles Intimate (Family member): Mom are we going to attend that thing? (The word thing is only familiar to them and not shared in public.) Casual (Friend) I ain’t coming tonight we’re gonna be at the wake. (Slang, street language)   Speech Act Locutionary (friend’s house): Would you be so kind to pass the rice please? Locutionary (your house): Pass the rice before I starved to death!  Communicative Strategies Termination (Stranger): Do you have anything else to say; can I go now? Termination (Teacher): Best regards to you Miss Olesco. See you around Madam! Guided Practice Read and analyze the conversation of the siblings below. SIBLINGS WHEN THERE ARE NO SIBLINGS WHEN THERE ARE VISITORS VISITORS Ruie: Hey brotha!!! You wash the Ruie: (smiling and whispering) Would dishes or else I’m going to punch you! you be so kind to wash the dishes Adrian: Punch your face! It’s your tonight? turn tonight. Not mine! Adrian: Not a problem my dear brother! As observed in the two scenarios above, language form shifts depending on the speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy. Communication between two people changes when the context changes and so when the audience changes too. ACTIVITIES Activity 1 Analyze the conversation below and identify the speech context and the language form used.  https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/411797959668979794/ Answers: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Reflect: Think of TV presenters in different situations – gossip or talk show, variety show, headline news, celebrity news and opinion. Describe how the forms of language they use are different from each other. Write the answer on a sheet of paper. WRAP-UP To wrap-up everything you learned about the lesson, draw a table with two columns. On the first column, write the types of speech style, speech context, speech acts and communicative strategies. On the next column, write the language form being used.  VALUING Explain briefly what this quote means: “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” - Nelson Mandela POSTTEST Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number. _____1. In which speech style do we commonly use a formal language? A. Frozen B. Casual C. Consultative D. Intimate _____2. Exclamatory form of sentences is usually used in which type of speech act? A. Assertive B. Commissive C. Directive D. Expressive _____3. What type of speech acts are imperatives appropriate to sue? A. Assertive B. Commissive C. Directive D. Expressive _____4. If you are in a formal event, which statement is best to use? A. Can I suggest you try this new model? B. May I suggest you try this new model. C. Might I suggest you try this new model. D. Try this new model. _____5. When you are in a dinner party with friends, and you need to leave for an urgent phone call, which is best to say? A. Excuse me for a while. C. May I leave for a while? B. I’ll be back. D. Would you please excuse me for a while?  communication-strategy-within-an-organization https://www.ucanwest.ca/blog/business-management/importance-of- Strategies https://www.scribd.com/document/390245737/7-Types-of-Communicative- References Pretest Activity 2 Posttest 1. B 1. Repair 1. Restriction 2. A 2. Restriction 2. Nomination 3. D 3. Nomination 3. Repair 4. C 4. Termination 4. Termination 5. Nomination 5. Repair Activity 4 Nomination and Restriction Ken: I think MECQ is already lifted. Mom, I want to go to the mall. Mom: Don’t risk. You won’t go there without my permission. Ken: I am going to follow all the safety precautions, I promise. Mom: No. It’s still not safe because the cases of COVID is still rapidly growing. Ken: I miss eating at my favorite restaurant, don’t you miss it too? Mom: Why don’t you order online, I think that’s better? Order for two, please! Ken: Oh, J.Co Doughnut is on sale, did you see it on facebook? Mom: No, go! Dial the number order your favorite food. You won’t go out. That’s an order! Repair and Termination A: I’d love to continue this conversation, but I really need to go now. I have to get back to the office. B: Well, let’s get together soon. A: How about Friday? B: Friday sounds good. Where shall we meet? A: (looks at watch) I really must be going now or I’ll be very late. Can you give me a call tomorrow and we’ll decide? B: Fine. I’ll talk to you then. A: Sorry I have to rush off like this. B: That’s OK. I understand. A: Good bye. B: So long. KEY TO CORRECTION