ORAL COMM 2ND QUIZ REVIEWER.pdf

oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer describe an act of communication is to answer the COMMUNICATION MODELS following questi...

oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer describe an act of communication is to answer the COMMUNICATION MODELS following questions: - Who: the person who formulates the message ARISTOTLE’S MODEL (BEFORE 300 - What: the content of the BC) message - Channel: the medium which the ★ Considered as one of the first message is being and the simplest communicated ★ Its channel and medium is - Whom: the person/persons who non-existent due to the date of receive the message its existence - Effect: the outcome of the ★ Tells that the speaker delivers a message speech on a specific occasion to an audience and there is an expected effect of the message to the audience ★ Can be broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL Speech, Occasion, Audience, (1949) and Effect ★ Considered as ‘The Mother of Communication Models” ★ Linear ( one-way communication ) ★ Communication includes the following concepts: Sender, LASSWELL’S MODEL (1948) Encoder, Channel. Decoder, Receiver. ★ There is the concept of noise ★ Harold Dwight Lasswell included in the model ★ States that a convenient way to 1  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer ★ Info source, transmitter, ★ Each of the component is channel, receiver, destination affected by many factors SCHRAMM’S MODEL (1954) ★ Uses a plain venn diagram to illustrate the communication BARNLUND'S MODEL (1970) process ★ Interactive, because both ★ This model articulates that sender and receiver are sending and receiving of interacting with each other by messages happens exchanging of responses simultaneously between people ★ What’s new to this model is the ★ Transactional field of experience and common ★ Has two feedbacks and channels experience of the sender and because it is transactional the receiver ★ Presence of noise is everywhere which means it can happen anytime BERLO’S MODEL (1960) ★ Has mainly four components to describe the communication process: Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver 2  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION IN EXISTING MODELS LINEAR JULIA WOOD’S MODEL (2009) ★ One-way process INTERACTIVE ★ Latest ★ Is similar to schramm’s model ★ Participants take turns in acting with the addition of time as as the sender and receiver another variable to consider ★ As communication progresses TRANSACTIONAL over time, the shared world ★ Communication is ongoing or between communication is simultaneous enlarged ★ As people communicate, they RECURSIVE learn each other’s values, ★ Sender and receiver might find beliefs, attitudes, themselves going back to the predispositions to situation, previous stage to correct moods, and interests something CYCLICAL ★ It is a never ending cycle INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ★ Is difficult because there are various factors affecting their 3  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer communication due to their ★ Differences in the length of time differences to come up with a decision ★ On one hand, lack of knowledge CONCEPTS OF TIME on cultural differences promotes ethnocentrism and stereotyping ★ Differences in the value of time ★ On the other hand, knowledge PERSONAL SPACE of which, promotes tolerance ★ Differences in proximity when ETHNOCENTRISM communicating ★ People are aware of other CULTURAL CONTEXT cultures’ existence but sees theirs as the best ★ Differences in how meaning is conveyed STEREOTYPING ★ Example: ★ Happens when we generalize ★ High-context countries: more how a person is just because of non-verbal their cultural background and ★ Low-context countries: more other factors verbal FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIOR AND MANNERS DIFFERENCES ★ Differences in the concept of being rude and polite GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE SOCIAL VALUES ★ Differences in non-verbal ★ Different countries ,different meanings expectations and values ROLES AND STATUS ★ Contribution of members of society DECISION-MAKING CUSTOMS 4  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer STAGE 2: DEFENSE ★ Person acknowledges, but thinks highly of his culture STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION ★ Person acknowledges but assets universality LEGAL AND ETHICAL STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE ★ Differences in the laws of the land society ★ Person starts to appreciate CORPORATE CULTURAL STAGE 5: ADAPTATION DIFFERENCES ★ Person starts to imitate ★ Cultural differences between STAGE 6: INTEGRATION companies ★ Example: ABS-CBN vs. GMA ★ Person starts to reflect PROVERBS REFLECT CULTURE COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS ★ Different proverbs or kasabihan of each country ★ Goals and aims in why we ★ Example: “Pag may tiyaga, may communicate nilaga” ★ Types: DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF - Regulation - Social Interaction INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY - Motivation - Emotional Expression - Information STAGE 1: DENIAL WHY DO WE COMMUNICATE? ★ People doesn’t want to recognize other culture 5  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer ★ Because we want people we EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION interact with, to manage their behavior or sometimes because ★ We communicate because we we want them to do things as we want to appeal to the emotions please of other people ★ Because we want to appeal to ★ We want people to sympathize the emotions of others with us, and get their emotions ★ because we have ideas based on INFORMATION facts, figures, statistics, and other reliable sources that we ★ We communicate because we want to share with others have ideas based on facts, ★ because we want to dictate figures, statistics, and other them reliable sources that we want to share with others REGULATION / CONTROL ★ You are giving directions and/or instructions to people ★ Guidelines, interactions, and ★ Each of our interactions with orientations different people are driven by varying reasons/purposes. SOCIAL INTERACTION ★ In some cases, we may find ★ FUNCTION: We want to form ourselves switching from one bonds/connections with other communication function to people, or it is our way of another. forging friendships with them ★ While it is ideal to engage ★ Business Partners: forced to yourself in conversation with make connection w/ other just one purpose, it is people unavailable to experience more than one purpose MOTIVATION simultaneously ★ We communicate because we want to persuade, convince, or inspire others 6  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer ★ Is the communication function PRIMARY COMMUNICATION at work when interaction is done FUNCTION to understand another person of a different cultural background ★ Real agenda of communication ★ Example: Trying to help ★ Control someone to understand the SECONDARY COMMUNICATION communication VARIABLE INFORMATIVE ★ Is the communication function ★ Other communication function when the people involved are of that is used to achieve your equal rank or status primary communication ★ Example: Colleagues function Communication, ★ A support for primary function students-students, and MORE COMMUNICATION teachers-teachers FUNCTIONS ACCORDING TO INSTRUCTIVE BOOKS ★ Is the communication function when the people involved are of unequal rank or status DISCUSSION / ARGUMENTATION ★ Talks about the relationship ★ Is the communication function between the communicator and when a healthy exchange of the receiver ideas between the participants ★ Example: teacher-student take place to arrive at a decision communication or resolution MOTIVATION ★ Example: brainstorming / working in a team ★ Strictly for inspiring CULTURAL PROMOTION PERSUASIVE ★ When the goal is to change the opinion of the other person 7  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer the sender and receiver of the SOCIAL message ★ May occur between and among INTERPERSONAL people who are not really close, but are force to interact with ★ Communication happens when each other anyway the sender and the receiver are two different persons AESTHETIC ★ Sometimes also referred as ★ Is achieved when there is a dyadic communication deeper connection between the sender and the receiver EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION = THERAPEUTIC ★ Therapeutic communication INTIMATE & PERSONAL function is utilized when the end goal is to make the other ★ Conversation with people that person’s feeling, much better are close to us FORMAL & IMPERSONAL TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT ★ The relationship between the people we are talking to is not ★ The type of circumstances that really close we are in GROUP COMMUNICATION CIRCUMSTANCES ★ 3-10 people ★ How many participants are ★ Communication happens when there during the communication there are more than one sender process and receiver interacting with one another INTRAPERSONAL ★ The success/failure of this may ★ Communication happens when be dependent of the behavior of the same person acts as both the members of the group 8  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer PUBLIC STRUCTURING ★ As a sender, you are faced with ★ Someone who may be a large group of receivers of considered as a result-oriented information but contained in a type of person single venue ★ Takes initiative to lead a group and makes sure that the group MASS is achieving what it intends to ★ You are sending a message to a DYNAMIC lot of receivers and are geographically dispersed using ★ Encourages other members of social media, internet, etc… the group to participate TYPES OF PEOPLE IN GROUP RELINQUISHING COMMUNICATION ★ Most likely to give up on pointing out something and would just give way instead to CONTROLLING avoid conflicts ★ Someone who dominates the WITHDRAWING discussion ★ Type of person who’s physically ★ They don’t care about other present, but mentally absent members of the communication ★ Uncooperative EGALITARIAN ★ Does not want to have anything to do with the group ★ Not only willingly gives information, but allows others to CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES do the same ★ Someone who is the opposite of controlling type COMPETING ★ More of a respectful approach in communicating ★ Strategy where a person asserts their authority over other 9  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer members of the group so they would not do something that would cause conflicts AVOIDING ★ Strategy of giving in to others as respect for our self’s suffers ACCOMMODATING ★ Provides insights but if AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR contradicted, would concede ★ Uses a competing conflict immediately management style COLLABORATING ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR ★ Everyone’s ideas are welcomed ★ Uses accommodating conflict and all decisions are made by management style the whole group ★ Combination of egalitarian and COMPROMISING collaborating ★ The person insists that at least a PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR little of their insights are ★ Disguised controlling person acknowledged ★ Controlling the person or COMMUNICATION STYLES communication process but in disguise ★ Refers to the kind of behavior ★ Example: instead of insisting, that interlocutors manifest, in you would ask “are you sure?” order to make their intentions PASSIVE BEHAVIOR known, communicate their ideas, or assert their messages ★ Utilizes an avoiding conflict management style ★ You let things be 10  oral communication first semester: quiz reviewer ★ Daily use of language SPEECH STYLE CONSULTATIVE ★ Levels of language formality in ★ We use this style when there is a communicating professional ★ Highly dependent on the transaction/exchange between context, tone, and type of the sender and receiver relationship interlocutors have with one another FORMAL ★ Context: setting o/ does the ★ We use this style when we have situation demand us to be to follow conventions as we formal or less formal? deliver a message to the ★ Tone: how you are going to receiver communicate the message ( sweet, demanding, etc…) FROZEN ★ Relationship: your relationship ★ We use this style when the with the person pattern and features of the TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES message to be delivered to the receiver is non-negotiable ★ You cannot change, omit, or add anything INTIMATE ★ We use this style when our relationship with the receiver is very private or very close CASUAL ★ We use this style when we interact among friends and acquaintances ★ Slangs, jargons, gay language, etc… 11