Models of Communication PDF

ORAL COMMUNICATION  MODELS OF COMMUNICATION INTRODUCING THE MODELS OF COMMUNICATION The best way to understand communication is to see it graphically. many authors and researchers have come up with their own models based on what they emphasize as being an important component of...

ORAL COMMUNICATION  MODELS OF COMMUNICATION INTRODUCING THE MODELS OF COMMUNICATION The best way to understand communication is to see it graphically. many authors and researchers have come up with their own models based on what they emphasize as being an important component of communication. ARISTOTLELIAN MODEL The first and earliest model is that of Aristotle (5BC), who was a teacher of Rhetoric and even put up an academy to produce good speakers.  ARISTOTLELIAN MODEL MESSAGE (LISTENER) SPEAKER (SPEECH) AUDIENCE Although Aristotle focused on the Speaker and the Message, the most important part of his model is the setting where the listener is situated. It is the SETTING that dictates the message. THREE SETTINGS IN ARISTOTLE’S TIME ✔ LEGAL ✔ DELIBERATIVE ✔ CEREMONIAL  LEGAL SETTING The Legal Setting meant the courts where ordinary people defended themselves. DELIBERATIVE SETTING The Deliberative setting meant for political assemblies, the highest was which of the roman senate.  CEREMONIAL SETTING The Ceremonial setting meant the celebrations held when they won war, lost a leader or had a new one, and when welcoming a leader form another kingdom or country. Such occasions called for speeches of welcome, poems of tribute or eulogies, and poems of lament.  CLAUDE SHANNON & WARREN WEAVER The second model is that of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1948) which gave us the concept of “noise”. This is often called the Telephone Model because it is based on the experience of having the message inferred with by “noise” from the telephone switchboard back in the 1940s. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL OF COMMUNICATION  CLAUDE SHANNON & WARREN WEAVER In this model, Shannon and Weaver assert that the Message sent by the Source (Speaker) is not necessarily the Message received by the destination (Listener). This is due to the intervention of “noise” or anything that hampers the communication. Even today, with our advanced cellphone technology, there are still barriers to clear transmission and reception calls.  SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION The third model is that of Wilbur Schramm, who is considered the Father of Mass Communication. He came up with the five models, but Schramm Model in 1955, we are concerned with is the concept that explains why communication breakdown occurs.  SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION Schramm asserts that communication can take place IF AND ONLY IF there is an overlap between the field of experience of the speaker and the field of experience of the listener.  WHAT IS FIELD OF EXPERIENCE? ❖ It is everything that makes a person unique. Everything he/she has learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and studied. In other words it is everything a person has experiences or not experienced, done or not done. It is the field of experience that is used to create a response which only happens if the two field experience (Speaker & Listener) have commonalities. For example if a teacher is discussing and delivering her lecture in English and Filipino, the students would understand because they already know the language unless the teacher started using chinese language which will lead to the students not understanding a thing from the lecture.  EUGENE WHITE’S MODEL The fourth model is that of Eugene White (1960), who tells us that communication is circular and continuous, without beginning or end. This is why he made a cyclical model. He also points out that although we can assume that communication begins with thinking, communication can actually be observed from any point in the circle.  THINKING SYMOBOLIZING EXPRESSING MONITORING TRANSMITTING FEEDBACK RECEIVING DECODING EUGENE WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION Eugene White contributed the concept of Feedback to the field of communication. Feedback is the perception by the speaker about the response of the Listener. The speaker can only receive Feedback if the Speaker is monitoring the Listener. The speaker will know what the Listener’s Response is only if he/she is paying attention.  THANK YOU Brita Tamm 502-555-0152 brita@firstupconsultants.com www.firstupconsultants.com