FTY141E - Normal Motor Development Course Outline PDF

# T.C. İSTANBUL GELİŞİM UNIVERSITY ## Faculty of Health Sciences ### FTY141E-Normal Motor Development - **Name of Department:** Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation - **Course Code and Name:** FTY141E-Normal Motor Development - **Course Week:** 1.Week - **Course Day and Time:** Thursday 09:00 - 1...

# T.C. İSTANBUL GELİŞİM UNIVERSITY ## Faculty of Health Sciences ### FTY141E-Normal Motor Development - **Name of Department:** Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation - **Course Code and Name:** FTY141E-Normal Motor Development - **Course Week:** 1.Week - **Course Day and Time:** Thursday 09:00 - 10:50 - **Course Credit/ACTS Information:** 2/5 - **Examination Type and Gradings:** Multiple choice and True False - **Instructor's Name & Surname:** Busenur KARAGÖZ - **E-mail & Phone:** [email protected] - **Instructor's Room:** - - **Office Hours:** - - **GBS Link:** https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/en/lesson-details-17-316-11136-2 - **ALMS Link:** https://lms.gelisim.edu.tr/ - **AVESIS Link:** https://avesis.gelisim.edu.tr/bukaragoz ## 14 WEEKS'S COURSE CONTENTS - **1.Week:** Introduction to Motor and Functional Development and Terminology - **2.Week:** Basic Principles of Development - **3.Week** Motor Learning, Motor Movement and Motor Development: Basic Concepts and Processes - **4. Week:** Developmental Theories Related to Motor Learning - **5.Week:** Prenatal Development - **6. Week:** Development of the Nervous System and Musculoskeletal System During Fetal Period - **7.Week:** Kinesiology of Normal Motor Development - **MIDTERM EXAM** - **9.Week:** Reflexes Related to Motor Development in Infants - **10.Week:** Correction, Protection, Balance Reactions and Postural Reactions - **11.Week:** Normal Movement and Functional Development - Gross Motor Development - **12.Week:** Normal Movement and Functional Development - Fine Motor Development - **13.Week:** Physical Development - **14.Week:** Sensory and Cognitive Development - **15.Week:** Atypical Development and Common Pediatric Diseases - **FINAL EXAM** ## WEEKLY LEARNING OUTCOMES - Knows normal motor development terminology - Defines the introduction to movement - Explains the differences between growth and development - Knows the areas and periods of development ## DAILY FLOW - 09.00-09.50: Terminology and Movement - 10.00-10.50 : Functional Development Introduction ## TERMINOLOGY - **Natus:** Birth - **Natal:** Pertaining to birth - **Neo:** New - **Fetus:** From 7-8 weeks after fertilization to birth - **Term:** Born between weeks - **Prenatal:** Before birth - **Peri:** Around - **Perinatal:** Period between 22nd week of pregnancy and 7th day after birth - **Postnatal:** First 6 weeks after birth - **Neonatal:** Newborn - From birth to 28th day - **Embryo:** From the first 2 weeks of the developing organism to 7-8th week when fertilization is completed - **Preterm- Premature:** Born before the end of the 37th week - **Postterm - Postmature:** Born after the end of the 42nd week ## MOVEMENT Movement emerges by the interaction of individual, task and environmental factors. The nature of movement and how it is controlled falls within the scope of motor control. Fetal movement patterns begin in the 10th week of pregnancy and are called primary movement patterns. Fetal movement is described as the basis of walking. All movement patterns have developed in utero by 20 weeks. The absence of these movements indicates damage to the nervous system. As a result of the examination of spontaneous infant movements, 47 rhythmic stereotype movements were found. Most of the stereotyped movements of the extremities are basic flexion-extension movements. Over time, stereotyped movements are replaced by purposeful movements. For movement development, in body systems must be: - Growth - Maturation - Adaptation ## DEVELOPMENT ### Basic concepts of development - Growth - Development - Maturation - Learning - Readiness ### Growth Growth is the increase in body size caused by the growth and proliferation of cells that occur under genetic, nutritional, traumatic, social and cultural factors that dynamically affect the child from fertilization to physical maturity. Briefly; Growth refers to the change related to the body; it is the increase in the height and weight of the body and the change in shape and volume. ### Factors affecting growth: - Genetics - Nutrition - Traumas - Social and cultural factors ### Development Development refers to the functional changes of the individual. Child development is the stages a child goes through from birth until he or she becomes an adult. Children are first newborns, and they acquire the skills that allow them to adapt and function during their growth. ### Growth and development should not be confused!! - Growth is mostly used for physical characteristics. - Development includes mental, emotional, social characteristics as well as physical characteristics | **GROWTH** | **DEVELOPMENT** | | :---: |:---:| | Refers to increase in size other bodily changes which can be seen | Refers to the outcome of functioning of organs | | External in nature | Internal in nature | | Quantitative | Qualitative | | Limited and stops at certain level of maturity | Lifelong process from womb to tomb | | Cellular | Organizational | | Physical characteristics | Physical characteristics and mental, emotional, social characteristics | ### Maturation Maturation is a stage of completion of growth and strengthening of acquired mental, social and emotional development. - Maturation is an essential precondition of learning. - It refers to qualitative changes that allow progress towards higher level functions. Briefly; Maturation is when a person reaches the competence to perform a behavior expected of him/her at a certain age. ### Learning Learning is a behavioral change that has relatively permanent traces gained as a result of experience. - For learning to occur, the behavioral change must be permanent. - Learning and training are necessary for development to exceed a certain level. - Learning completes the development initiated by the maturation. ### Readiness Readiness is the ability of a person to perform certain behaviors and to have the necessary equipment to exhibit a behavior as a result of maturation and learning. For example, a child starting first grade's readiness for writing depends on the maturation of the fine motor muscles required to hold a pencil correctly; the previous attempts he has made to hold a pencil; his willingness to write; and whether he has a physical disability that may prevent him from using his fingers. ### Development Areas Development is generally divided into three basic groups; physical, cognitive and social-emotional development. - **Physical Development:** Biological changes in the body such as size, shape, external appearance; It includes changes in physical abilities and changes in the structure and function of the brain. - **Cognitive Development:** Changes in mental skills, including memory, thinking, reasoning, language, problem solving, and decision making. - **Social and Emotional Development:** It encompasses changes in emotion, motivation, temperament,personality, and relationships with other people.Involves communicating with other people, interacting effectively with others, and learning ways to regulate and express emotions. ### Development Periods - **Prenatal:** - The period from fertilization to birth - The period when physical growth is most rapid - Basic body structure and organs are formed - It is greatly affected by environmental factors - **0-2 years old infancy:** - There is rapid growth and change - All senses begin to perform their functions at birth - The development of physical motor skills is very rapid - Language skills develop quickly - They are alone in their games - **3-6 years old early childhood:** - Also called preschool years - During this period, language develops rapidly and vocabulary increases rapidly - A sense of independence is important - Enjoys being with friends and playing - Large and small motor skills have increased - Self-care skills have improved - **6-12 years old middle childhood:** - The brain reaches adult size around age seven, but continues to develop - Growth rates slow new social relationships outside the family - Is in the period of logical thinking and abstract operations - Physical development is stagnant - Increases athletic skills - **12-18 years old adolescence:** - Physical development is rapid - Reproductive maturity begins to occur - The search for identity is at the forefront - They tend to act independently of their parents - Abstract thinking and scientific inquiry develop - Emotional changes are rapid - A sense of belonging and acceptance is important and peers play an important role in their lives - They begin to be interested in the opposite sex - **20-40 years old early adulthood:** - At risk for violent crime and substance abuse - They focus on the future and make choices to become a full-fledged adult in the eyes of others - Love and work are the main sources of anxiety during this period - **40-60 years old middle adulthood:** - Physiological aging becomes more apparent - A time when many people are at their peak of productivity in love and work - They are responsible for caring for their children and aging parents - **Late adulthood, which begins in the 60s and 70s and continues until death:** - Late adulthood encompasses a wide range of ages, with great variation: - Young old 65-74 years old - Old old 75-84 years old - Oldest old 85+ years old ## WHAT TO TAKE HOME? - For movement development, in body systems must be; Growth,maturation, adaptation - Basic concepts of development; Growth, development, maturation, learning, readiness - Growth and development should not be confused!! - Development areas and periods ## QUESTIONS - Which is a characteristic of growth? - Quantative - Internal in nature - Organizational - Lifelong process - Which is necessary for the development of movement? - Adaptation - Readiness - Learning - Development - How many weeks before a premature baby is born? - Before 37 weeks - After 42 weeks - At 35 weeks - At 40 weeks - At what age do children play alone? - 0-2 years - 2-4 years - 0-4 years - 2-6 years - Which age range represents old old age? - 65-74 - 75-84 - 85+ ## RECOMMENDED WEEKLY STUDIES - 2 days a week, 1 hour each will be enough. ## REFERENCES - Trombly, CA Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction, William&Wilkins, 1989, Baltimore, USA. - Fogel A, Nelson G.(1988), Child Development, USA. - Concept of Maturation Dr. Lalit Kumar Singh Assistant Professor Department of Psychology University of Lucknow, 2017, Lucknow - Motor Kontrol, Anne Shumway-Cook, Marjorie H.Woollacott, 2018 ## ABOUT THE NEXT WEEK ### Principles of Development - Development is from head to toe, from inside to outside. - The speed of development is not the same at all ages. - Development is the product of heredity and environment. - The dimensions of development cannot be isolated from each other. - Development follows a path from the whole to the specific. - There are individual differences in development. - Development is from the simple primitive to the difficult complex. - Development is a process that can change speed between periods but has continuity. ## Since course presentations are private, using the texts and images contained herein on social media or else without permission from the course instructor is against the regulations Law No. 6698. ## "Education is the most important weapon to change the fate of a nation." # THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE...