Lab Tests Presentation PDF

Complete Blood Count (CBC, Diff) Components of Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Range Erythrocyte count Male: 4.7--6.1 x 1012/L Female: 4.2--5.4 x 1012/L Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 80--95 mm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 27--31 pg Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 320--...

Complete Blood Count (CBC, Diff) Components of Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Range Erythrocyte count Male: 4.7--6.1 x 1012/L Female: 4.2--5.4 x 1012/L Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 80--95 mm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 27--31 pg Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 320--360 g/L Test Explanation This test provides information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood. It is used to both determine general health status and detect a wide range of disorders (e.g., infection, anemia, inflammation, and bleeding disorders). Blood Tube: Lavender Interfering Factors Exercise. High altitudes for prolonged periods. Hydration status. Leukemias. Medications. Pregnancy. Results and Significance LOWER HIGHER Erythrocyte count Anemia Leukemia Post hemorrhage Dehydration High altitudes Polycythemia vera Severe diarrhea Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Microcytic anemia Folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency Liver disease Macrocytic anemia Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Microcytic anemia Macrocytic anemia Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Hypochromic anemia Intravascular hemolysis Spherocytosis Hemoglobin (Hgb) Normal Range Male: 135--180 g/L Female: 120--160 g/L Test Explanation Hgb is the protein in RBC that carries oxygen. There are millions of hemoglobin molecules in each red cell. Blood Tube: Lavender Results and Significance Lower Chronic blood loss Decreased dietary intake Higher Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease High altitudes Polycythemia Hematocrit or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Normal Range Male: 0.42--0.52 volume fraction Female: 0.37--0.47 volume fraction Test Explanation The test for hematocrit measures the volume of cells as a percentage of the total volume of cells and plasma in whole blood. This percentage is usually three times greater than the hemoglobin. Blood Tube: Lavender Results and Significance Lower Hemorrhage Anemia Excessive intravenous fluid infusion Higher Dehydration COPD Congenital Heart Disease Myoglobin (Mb) Normal Range 1.0--5.3 nmol/L Test Explanation This test is used in the early evaluation of a client with suspected acute myocardial infarction. It is also used to assist in the diagnosis of disease or injury in skeletal muscles. Blood Tube: Red Interfering Factors Recent administration of radioactive substances. Myoglobin levels can increase after intramuscular injections. Results and Significance Lower Polymyositis Higher Myocardial infarction Skeletal muscle inflammation (myositis) Malignant hyperthermia Muscular dystrophy Skeletal muscle ischemia/trauma Rhabdomyolysis Natriuretic Peptides: BNP/or NP-proBNT42 Normal Range Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): 22--77 mcg/L Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): \100 mcg/L Test Explanation Natriuretic peptides are used to diagnose and categorize clients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Blood Tube: Lavender Interfering Factors BNP levels are higher in women than in men. Levels are higher in older clients. Levels are higher after cardiac surgery. May vary due to methods of measurement of BNP. Results and Significance Higher Congestive heart failure Myocardial infraction Systemic hypertension Heart transplant rejection Cor pulmonale Platelet Count (Thrombocytes) Normal Range 150--400 x 109/L Test Explanation This test measures the number of platelets in the blood and is often included in the CBC when there are signs and symptoms of a bleeding disorder or excessive clotting. Blood Tube: Lavender Results and Significance Lower (Thrombocytopenia) Acute leukemia Higher (Thrombocytosis) Acute infections Chemotherapy Chronic pancreatitis Hemorrhage Cirrhosis Toxic effect of medications Collagen disorders Systemic lupus erythematosus Iron deficiency Viral infections Polycythemia vera Post splenectomy White Blood Cell Count (WBC) Normal Range Critical Value: \1.5--2.0 times control value in seconds Normal international normalized ratio (INR): 0.8--1.2 Critical values: \>20 seconds (for clients not taking anticoagulants) Test Explanation A measurement used to test clotting times. Both PT and PTT are used to check for bleeding problems or the chances of excessive bleeding during surgery. PT is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working. Blood Tube: Light blue Interfering Factors Prolonged PT can be caused by treatment with blood-thinning medications (warfarin and Coumadin, vitamin K), or the use of alcohol. Diet high in fat or leafy vegetables may shorten PT times. Results and Significance Higher Lack of or low level of one or more blood-clotting factors Lack of vitamin K (due to liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver injury) Indication of DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), which is life threatening Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Normal Range Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 30--40 seconds Partial thromboplastin time (PTT): 60--70 seconds Clients receiving anticoagulant therapy: 1.5--2.5 times control value in seconds Critical values aPTT: 70 seconds PTT: \> 100 seconds Test Explanation PTT might be used if you take a blood-thinning medicine called Heparin. This test measures other clotting factors or checks if Heparin dose is therapeutic. Also checks the effects of anticoagulants (e.g., Heparin, warfarin). Blood Tube: Light blue Interfering Factors Increased consumption of alcohol. Results and Higher Significance Deficiency of factors I, II, V, VIII, IX and X, XI, XII Hemophilia Heparin therapy Liver disease Low Vitamin K International Normalized Ratio (INR) Normal Range 0.8--1.2 Test Explanation INR is a way of standardizing the results of prothrombin time tests, no matter the testing method. It lets the physician understand results regardless of different test methods. Blood Tube: Light blue Results and Significance Higher Lack of or low level of one or more blood-clotting factors Lack of vitamin K (due to liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver injury) Indication of DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), which is life threatening Diabetes Studies Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FBS) Normal Range 4.0--6.0 mmol/L Test Explanation Screens for diabetes. A fasting plasma glucose test is used when the person has not had any caloric intake for at least eight hours. Blood Tube: Grey Interfering Factors Stress may elevate blood glucose levels temporarily. Certain medications (cortisone, thiazide, and loop diuretics). Trauma increases blood sugar. Results and Significance Lower Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia Prediabetes Blood glucose level between 6.0--7.0 mmol/L Higher Blood glucose level of higher than 7.0 mmol/L indicates diabetes Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Normal Range \11.1 mmol/L indicates diabetes Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Normal Range \6.9% = diabetic