Roles of the States MODULE-7-PART-2 PDF

Roles of the States 1. State provides security against external aggressions and war. For this purpose , the state maintains an army. The mission of the Philippine Army is to “organize, train, equip, deploy and sustain ground forces in the conduct of support to operations to “win the peace” in o...

Roles of the States 1. State provides security against external aggressions and war. For this purpose , the state maintains an army. The mission of the Philippine Army is to “organize, train, equip, deploy and sustain ground forces in the conduct of support to operations to “win the peace” in order to help the Filipino nation create an environment conducive for sustainable development and just and lasting peace” What is the purpose of army reservist? A military reserve force is a military organization whose members have military and civilian occupations. They are not normally kept under arms, and their main role is to be available  2. State ensures security against internal disturbances disorder and crimes. For this purpose, the state maintains police. What are 4 main functions of local police? As part of law enforcement, police officers have four major responsibilities:  enforcing laws  preventing crimes  responding to emergencies, and 3. State legally grants and guarantees the rights of the people Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. 4. The state issues and regulates currency and coinage Who has the sole power and authority to issue currency? What are the enhancements on the design and security features of the NGC banknotes? For 100, 200, 500 and OPTICALLY VARIABLE INK (OVI) For 1000-Piso, the embossed “1000” denominational value at the lower right corner of the face of the note changes color from green to magenta when viewed at different angles. For 500-Piso, a mark with stylish Philippine flag design changes color from gold to green when viewed at different angles, and vice - versa. TACTILE MARKS ENHANCED VALUE PANEL FOR 1000-PISO AND 500-PISO YES. It is unlawful to willfully deface, mutilate, tear, burn or destroy, in any manner whatsoever, currency notes and coins issued by the BSP, pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 247. Any person who violates this decree shall be fined in the amount of not more than 20,000 and/or imprisoned for a period of not more than five years. 5. State undertakes steps for the creation of necessary conditions for the socio-economic, political, and cultural development of the people Economic social and cultural rights (ESCR) include the rights to adequate food, to adequate housing, to education, to health, to social security, to take part in cultural life, to water and sanitation, and to work. 6. State grants citizenship and protects their interest and rights Citizenship is defined as the legal nationality of a person. They are entitled to exercise all the fundamental rights and duties, such as casting a vote, paying government taxes and protecting the country from corruption. Based on the said provision of the Constitution, there are two kinds of Filipino citizens: 1) natural – born Filipino citizen, and naturalized Filipino citizen  In determining the kind of citizenship, we follow the jus sanguinis principle. Under the jus sanguinis principle, blood relationship is the basis for the acquisition of citizenship. This means that a newly – born child follows the citizenship of his parents.  In contrast with the jus soli or jus loci principle, a newly – born child follows the citizenship of the Following the principle of jus sanguinis therefore, a natural – born Filipino citizen generally is one who was born with one of his parents, or both, is a Filipino citizen Regardless of the place where he was born, he follows the citizenship of the Filipino parent. A natural – born Filipino citizen specifically is one who does not have to perform any act to acquire his Philippine citizenship. Those who elect citizenship in accordance with par. 3, sec. 1 hereof shall also be deemed natural – born citizens (Sec 2, Art 4, 1987 A naturalized Filipino citizen is one who underwent the naturalization process under the law of the Philippines. Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political community of a State and giving him the rights and privileges of citizenship. When a person is naturalized, he already renunciated his former citizenship, therefore, his allegiance is now on the State where he was naturalized. The Revised Naturalization Act (CA No. 473, as amended) is the current naturalization law of the Philippines. The following are the ways of acquiring Filipino citizenship by naturalization: 1) By judgment of the court – application for naturalization shall be filed in the proper Regional Trial Court. 2) By direct act of Congress – the Congress enacts an act conferring citizenship on a foreigner. Dual Citizenship vs. Dual Allegiance Dual citizenship refers to the possession of two citizenships by an individual, that of his original citizenship and that of the country where he became a naturalized citizen. It may also arise in an instance wherein a person was born of Filipino parents but in another country where said country follows jus soli or jus loci principle. Dual allegiance, on the other hand, refers to the continued allegiance of a naturalized citizen to their mother country even after acquiring Filipino citizenship. The Philippine government prohibits dual allegiance. Section 5, Article IV of the 1987 Constitution declares that “dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interests and shall be dealt with by law”. Dual allegiance is not prohibited, however, it may be regulated or restricted by Philippine laws where it is conducive or could deal to dual allegiance. It is because citizenship requires allegiance to a country to which one is a citizen which must be absolute and undivided. This is to avoid as to the one having a dual citizenship shall support just in case the “national interest” of the countries where he has citizenships collide most especially if there is a state of war.  7. State conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and economic relations 8. State secures the goals of national interest in international relations.