Module 4-6 Philippine Literature PDF

LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon!...

LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon!  an illegitimate daughter of Father Dámaso. MODULE 4 Capitan Tiago TOPIC 1: ETHICS IN DECISION MAKING  real name is Santiago de los Santos and his nickname Tiago and the poblacion chieftain or cabeza de barangay of San Diego. Rizal’s Novels  Maria Clara’s de facto father Padre Damaso This deals with the two famous novels of Jose Rizal, Noli Me  was a Franciscan friar and the former parish curate of Tangere and El Filibusterimo published in 1887 and 1892 San Diego respectively in Europe.  a cruel priest who was publicly known for speaking unbecoming of a priest. These two novels are instrumental good to resolve the Elias difficulties people have been experiencing for a long period of  Ibarra's mysterious savior and friend time. It is a prescription of Jose Rizal with end  dreamed of liberating the society from Spanish tyrannical governance using violence. view of curing the malady in the society Don Anastacio “Noli Me Tangere” - The title, in Latin meaning Touch me not,  same with Elias ‘dream of liberating the country from pertains to scriptural verse of John 20:17 in the the tyrannical reign via nonviolent way- using a Bible (King James Version) as Mary Magdalene cryptographic alphabet that someday generation in the tried to touch the newly risen Jesus, He said future can uncover the meanings. A bit similar to Rizal "Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my in the use of pen to awaken the sleeping minds of the Father. people to the oppression by the colonial government. - JOSE RIZAL opted that the prospective novel narrates the backward, anti-progress and anti- Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña intellectual way Filipino culture was.  Filipina trying to upgrade herself as a Spanish in - completed writing Noli Me Tangere in December almost in many ways such as clothings, dialects and 1886. make-up on her face - foreseen the novel might not be printed. Narcisa or Sisa - Thru Máximo Viola’s monitorial assistance, the  mother of Crispin and Basilio who became mentally ill novel is printed in Berliner Buchdruckerei out of intense thinking of serious problem. Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany Crispín Primary Characters in Noli Me Tangere  is Sisa's 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was unjustly Crisostomo Ibarra accused of stealing money from the church.  Son of a Filipino businessman, Don Rafael  After failing to force Crispín to return the money he Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years and allegedly stole, Father Salví and the head sacristan also María Clara's fiancé. killed him. It is not directly stated that he was killed,  but the dream of Basilio suggests that Crispín died Maria Clara during his encounter with Padre Salvi and his minion.  raised and treated by Capitán Tiago as his only daughter girl Basilio 1  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon!  is Sisa's 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked to printed in Ghent, Belgium ring the church bells for the Angelus,  he faced the dread of losing his younger brother and the descent of his mother into insanity. 5 characters present in both Noli Me Tangere & El  At the end of the novel, Elías wished Basilio to Filibusterismo bury him by burning in exchange of chest of gold 1. Ibarra, turned Simoun located on his death ground. He will later play a 2. Basilio major role in El Filibusterismo. 3. Padre Salvi 4. Padre Sibyla 5. Capitan Tiago El Filibusterismo - El Filibusterismo is a sequel of Noli Me Tangere Rizal’s Novel - Rizal had to define the word filibustero to his German friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, who did  Worth pointing is the seemingly analogous of what not understand his use of the word in Noli Me Rizal mentioned in one of the verses in the Mi Ultimo Tangere. In a letter, Rizal explained: Adios: “ I am to die just when I see the dawn break “ - “The word filibustero is little known in the and that of the one of last statements uttered by the Philippines. The masses do not know it yet. I dying Elias in the Noli novel-“You, who have it to see, heard it for the first time in 1872 when the tragic welcome it, forget not those who have fallen during executions took place. “ the night I die without seeing the dawn brighten over - “The Filipinos belonging to the educated class my native land! " fear the reach of the word. It does not have the  Upon completing El Filibusterismo Rizal wrote to meaning of freebooters; it rather means a Blumentritt: dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or  "I have not written in it any idea of vengeance against well, a presumptuous man.” my enemies, but only for the good of those who suffer, - The El Filibusterismo is dedicated to the three for the rights of Tagalogs.... “ martyred priest execution on the year 1872. They were wrongly implicated as having involved in the planning and execution of the mutiny in Cavite in 1872.They were Father Mariano TOPIC 1: ETHICS IN DECISION MAKING Gomez, (85 years old ), Father Jose Burgos (30 years old) and father Jacinto Zamora (35 years The Most Important Literary Works by Jose Rizal old). To the Filipino Youth - They were executed on February 28, 1872. Goodbye to Leonor To the Young Women of Malolos Kundiman A Junto Al Pasig Some points Comparison and Differences between Noli Me Tángere Noli and El Filibusterismo El Filibusterismo 1. Noli is a social novel, while El Fili is a political novel Mi último adiós 2. Noli is inspired by the heart, while El Fili is propelled by the head Rizal’s important literary works 3. Noli injects color and freshness, while El Fili it provokes hatred and bitterness To The Filipino Youth 4. Noli is composed of 63 chapters, while El Fili has 39  written by Rizal as an entry to the 1879 literary contest chapters sponsored by the Liceo Arstistico Literario de Manila 5. Noli is printed in Berlin, Germany while El Fili is and garnered the grand prize 2  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon!  is a classic in the Philippine Literature, being the first remarkable poem written in Spanish by a Letter to the Young Women of Malolos Filipino radiating the tenets of nationalism  request of Marcelo del Pilar to honor the women  under that poem Rizal was the first to call the Malolos in their fight for their right to self- country his motherland improvement  objectives of the letter are: rejection of the spiritual El Consejo de los Dioses dominancy of the friars, qualities of Filipino mothers  Rizal’s entry in the literary contest held on 1880 need to possess including their duties and  an allegory in praise of Cervantes as co-equal of responsibilities to their children, husbands and young both Homer and Virgil women in the selection of their future husbands.  a proof contradicting the superiority of the Spanish over the Filipinos in this field Through Education The Country Receives Light and The Intimate Alliance Between Religion And Education People Junto Al Pasig  two poems of Rizal dealing with his concepts of  a one act play composed by Rizal in response to education the request of the Jesuits to be performed during  the first poem makes education analogous to the celebration of the Feast Day of Immaculate lighthouse that can guide people in the courses of Conception. action, can tragic the youth to the attainment of rectitude and virtue and can transform the country into  according to Guerrero this play can be understood as a prophecy of continuing revolution, or progress continuation of Rizal’s pleading before the  the second poem, highlighted Rizal belief at that time Filipino youth to child foreigner for bringing that education not Godcentered is not true education. misery in life or a religious allegory. Mi Ultimo Adios  titleless, last poem made by Rizal Primary messages of the poem are:  farewell address, last will of Rizal, pleading of The Indolence of the Filipino People Rizal for Filipinos not to forget him and his proposal or wish in the interest of the motherland  longest written essay by Rizal. and timeline of Rizal’s life > Cause of Filipino indolence imputed to Spanish colonizers Goodbye to Leonor  A melancholic poem written by Rizal for his 1. wars and internal orders resulting from conquest childhood sweetheart, Leonor Rivera, who married Henry Kipping, a British railway 2. Pirates' attacks on the lives and properties of the inhabitants engineer.  Rizal was only 13 years old when they met in 3. Policy of force-labor Dagupan 4. Missionaries’ doctrine of the poor getting easier access to A Las Flores de Heidelberg heaven  Written thru the inspiration of different beautiful sceneries of Heidelberg by Rizal on April 12, 5. Friars landed estate 1886  thematic message of the poem is his intense love 6. No support system in agriculture and other commercial of his love of country and inculcation to his industries fellowmen to love their country 7. Bureaucratic policies 3  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! 8. Human dignity is not respected Other reason is:  To reconnect this annotation to his two novels, Noli > Cause of Indolence attributed to the Filipinos and Fili. themselves  Morgas’ annotation may be constructed as the past or pre-colonial period, Noli as the present colonial era 1. Bahala na mentality and Fili as the future or post colonial era. 2. Inferiority syndrome within the Filipinos he received criticisms from Blumentritt of his annotation of Successos de las Islas Filipinas 3. Lack of self-confidence 1. appraising events against the present standards 2. attacks on the church are unfair and unjustified 4. Lack of sense of nationalism  he dedicated the annotation to the Filipino people in order that they may know their glorious past TOPIC 3: RIZAL’S ANNOTATION  It was printed on 1890. Other alleged, it came of the press as early as 1889. Rizal’s Annotation  This part will present annotations by Rizal of the Rizal’s tripartite view of the country ‘s conditions in his history book written by a Deputy Governor- annotation General Dr Antonio de Morga assigned in the 1. Pre-Spanish period or pre-conquest past, where the country Philippine archipelago. experienced progress 2. Spanish period or the colonial stage , where the progress in  It is published on the year 1609 at Mexico. the Pre-Spanish era began to collapse or stop 3. Rebirth of Progress, which can be traced to the beginning of Rizal’s Annotation of Succesos de las Islas Filipinas the Filipinos’ consciousness of nationalism.  he made a prior survey of historical account about the Philippines archipelago by Pigafetta, Chirino and other Spanish chroniclers and historian  It can be further explored that the annotation of Morgas’ Successos may refer to the past state of the  he made a conclusion is a non-biased historical archipelago, the Noli is the present state of the nation account of the history of Philippine archipelago and the Fili is the future state of the nation. and the culture of the native therein  it took four solid months of both research and writing and one year to have the manuscript of TOPIC 4: RIZAL’S OTHER WORKS WITH this annotation printed. GREAT IMPACT  Blumentritt made the preface of the annotation.  consisted of eight chapters. 1. Proposed Educational Measures  Rizal seconded to the ideals of the society advanced by reasons for annotating Morgas’s Successos de las Islas Plato that mass education is important to its Filipinas advancement as embedded in the part Noli Me 1. to awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos’ culture Tangere which says “ The school is the basis of 2. to rectify the distorted and falsified description of Pre- society. The school is the book in which it is written Spanish Filipinos’ the future of the nation. Show us the schools of the culture like that of stereotyping natives as very people and we shall tell you what people are.” uncivilized.  In particular the pressing educational reforms Rizal 3. to show proof that Filipinos were civilized prior to presented during his exile at Dapitan is the entry Spanish establishment of a school of arts and trade in every conquistadores given provincial capital which has more than 16,000 4  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! residents. 4. The Indolence of the Filipino People, published in la  Rizal advocated for a balanced-curriculum with Solidaridad in 1890 end of producing enlightened, patriotic, civic- 5. La Politica Colonial on Filipinas minded, and law-abiding citizens. 6. Manila in the month of December  Rizal pointed the inefficiency of the colonial 7. History of the Rizal Family of Calamba system of education in terms of the ff: 8. The people of the Indian archipelago o mass and popular education The Plays of José Rizal o religion centered as to the contents  Satire was an effective rhetorical device for Rizal's o absence of economic freedom political message. His plays often portray absurd situations that directly echoed Rizal's criticism of the 2. Rizal’s Economic perspectives political state of the Philippines.  Is livelihood of the people in industry or economic activities where the nation will fit into. o El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods) He moved for the building of trade or craft o Junta Al Pasig (Along the Pasig) schools to train residents in order to engaged themselves in a gainful employment. o San Euistaquio, Mártyr (Saint Eustache, the martyr)  He had already foreseen that economic policy of o Por Telefono (By Phone) inclusive growth of both domestic industries including agricultural plantation and the workers Poems by José Rizal therein.  "To the Child Jesus," written by Rizal at age 14, notes the writer's early interest in Christianity and social  Included thereto is Rizal’s prescription of support system via incentives provided both to businesses inequity. and their workers and curbing of bureaucratic  His poems often reflected the dual beauty and cruelty practices in the government among others of his country, leading to Rizal's final poem written just before his execution, "Mi último adiós" ("My Last 3. Rizal’s Political Perspectives Farewell").  he believed the basic purpose of the government  The poem was named posthumously by fellow activist is to serve for the general welfare of the people Mariano Ponce after the writing was found in Rizal's cell.  he supported those freedom, liberty and freedom enshrined in the bill of rights "Farewell to 1883"  he believed the assimilation policy of the colonial "Por la Educación Recibe Lustre la Patria" (Through government Education Is the Nation  he was revolutionary in thought or ideas Glorified)  he was an anti-imperialist zealot "Sa Aking mga Kabata" (To My Fellow Youth)  he saw the globalization processes coming in the "Mi último adiós" (My Last Farewell) future "Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo" "Felicitation"  he prescribed re-organization of the "Flower Among Flowers" administrative instrumentalities "Goodbye to Leonor"  he advocated for religious freedom & separation "Himno Al Trabajo" (Dalit sa Paggawa; Hymn to Labor) of church & state "Himno Al Talisay" (Hymn to Talisay) "Kundiman" Rizal’s other historical commentaries are: "Mi Retiro" 1. Ma-yi , written on December 6, 1888 2. Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta, written on January 7, 1889 Musical Compositions 3. The Philippines within a century, published in La  When José Rizal wasn't practicing medicine or leading Solidaridad in 1889-1890 a political revolution, he was composing music. He 5  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! often transformed his poems into musical lyrics. his literary or political writing. Many scholars believe  Some of Rizal's compositions have been adapted that the best way to understand Rizal as a political into longer pieces by later generations. figure and personality is by reading his extensive letters and petitions. Kundiman ni Rizal  He wrote back and forth with fellow activists, family Alin Mang Lahi members, friends Ferdinand Blumentritt and Leanor Leonor Rivera, and his love, Josephine Bracken. Speeches and Petitions Tribute to Blumentritt (written on the day of Rizal's execution)  In 1880s and 1890s Philippines, art and politics Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos (To the Young Women of went hand in hand. Rizal belonged to a group of Malolos) activist artists that spoke up against tyrannical A los Filipinos (To the Filipinos) rule with their writing, music, and art. Rizal's Letters (composed of correspondence to Blumentritt,  His speeches honor his friends and compatriots Father Pablo Pastells, Marcelo del Pilar, and other activists) who fought alongside Rizal for Filipino freedom. Articles and Essays - In honor of two Filipino painters, Rizal's toast to Luna and Hidalgo  Most of José Rizal's body of writing can be found in his articles and essays. Published in reform newspaper - Rizal's speech delivered at Cafe Habanero La Solidaridad and as political circulars, Rizal's essays - Petition of the town of Calamba did not shirk from expressing his admiration for the - Order of the Marquis of Malinta Filipino people and his scorn for their Spanish oppressors. It was these works that caught the attention Historical Commentaries of the Spanish government, who ultimately imprisoned  Rizal was an adept historian and could read in Rizal for writing rebellious works Spanish, Italian, English, German, French, and Tagalog. His numerous commentaries on historical works provide a fascinating look at the Philippines just before the 20th century. Ma-Yi Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines A Century Hence) Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas (The Indolence of the Filipino) Manila en el mes Diciembre, 1872 (Manila in the Month of December, 1872) Historia de la Familia Rizal de la Calamba (The History of the Rizal Family of Calamba) Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico (The People of the Indian Archipelago) La Politica Colonial on Filipinas (Colonial Policy in the Philippines) Rizal's Annotations to Morga's 1609 Philippine History Letters and Petitions  Rizal's correspondence was no less prolific than 6  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! preliminary to cataract extraction. MODULE 5 Rizal, the Doctor in Hongkong  Rizal practiced ophthalmology in Hong Kong TOPIC 1: RIZAL, THE DOCTOR (November 1891-June 1892)  In Hong Kong in 1892, he successfully removed the Rizal, the Doctor cataract from his mother's left eye.  It recounts Rizal’s excellent practice of being both a  Several months later, he sent her glasses with physician and an ophthalmologist during his exile at instructions to cover the right lens until he could Dapitan including his medical practice in Calamba and operate on that eye. in Hongkong. Rizal, the Doctor Rizal, the Doctor in Dapitan “I have operated on Mother with much success, and she could  despite the limitations in the facilities and see with much clearness immediately after. The post-operative medical equipment, he gained a lot of patients course went well for three days, but encouraged by this, she  he built small lodging houses known as “Casitas did not follow my instructions, and she got up and lay down de Salud” designed for patients who came from alone, removed and put back the eyepad, always telling me far places. that nothing was going to happen until her eyes became so inflamed (she suspected that during the night she received a  Method of charging professional fees is “quantum blow.... The operative wound gaped, the iris prolapsed and merit”, according to the financial means. Poor now there is violent inflammation. Nothing can quiet her and patient does not pay professional fee and entitled she reads and goes to bright lights and rubs her eyes.... Now I to free medicine can understand why it is prohibited for one to treat members of  Rizal manufactured the prescribed medicine out his family” of the medicinal plants and herbs.  his practice of his ophthalmology is his “Visa” to his wife, Josephine. TOPIC 2: THE SCIENTIST’ RIZAL  he performed a successful eye operation on his mother, Teodora RealondaAlonzo in 1893. Scientist Rizal  he treated the eye ailment of George Taufer, Josephine’s foster parent.  It deals about Rizal’s contribution to the realm of Science as he navigated the jungles, coast and forest of Two situations evidencing his palabra de honor to Dapitan with aim of finding specimens of different colonial government: animals including insects, snakes, birds, snakes and various kinds of plants. 1. one of his patients from the Katipunan emissary tried persuading to join the revolution during the  introduced a collection of Conchology comprising of course of his medical practice including offer to 346 shells representing 203 species (Jose Rizal The rescue him. First Filipino,Rogelio B. Magigad, Estrellita T. Muhi and Isabal Anicoche-Victorino, Libro Filipin0,2004) 2. treated fictitious patient who was a spy from the colonial government.  Uncovered rare specimens which were named in his honor like Rhacophoorus rizali (rare toad), Draco Rizal, the Doctor in Calamba rizali (flying dragon) and Apogonia rizali (a beetle)  Rizal practiced ophthalmology, mainly in  thru extensive exploration of Dapitan, he sent Calamba (August 1887-February 1888) in specimens to Ateneo Museum and to Dresden 68 Calamba in 1887, Rizal finally began to fulfill his crustaceans, 45 reptiles, 13 species of birds and fishes lifelong dream of caring for his mother's eyesight. and 9 mammals  He may have operated on his mother there,  thru his knowledge of pharmacology, he discovered possibly performing an iridectomy as a the medicinal values of plants and other herbs 7  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! including tuber otherwise known as “nani” to the sculpture of the lion and at the mouth of the native inhabitants. lion the water came out of the mountain  he taught how to manage and treat properly the tuber including the inimical effect in certain Relief Map of Mindanao cases.  He built at the plaza in front of St. James Church, also  Going the Botanist way, he built a herbilarium, known as Dapitan Church. where characteristics or features of every plant o He was said to be assisted by Fr. Francisco specie is closely and regularly observe to Paula de Sanchez, his Jesuit friend and determine the purpose it may serve whether for mentor. medicinal or aesthetic. o Rizal used this as an aid in teaching history  he discovered a new species of Ilang-ilang or the and geography to the locals. Canagium odatorum. o It was made and shaped from a molded soil  he conducted survey studies in Ethnography, and planted with grass. Anthropology and Archeology and o 900 square meter land area of the relief Map communicated this to his students and his of Mindanao colleagues in Europe. Community Projects for Dapitan  He wrote to Fr. Pastells: " I want to do all I can do for TOPIC 3: RIZAL AS ENGINEER this town. "Aside from constructing the towns first water system, he spent many months in draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria that infested Rizal as an Engineer Dapitan. The P500 which an English patient paid him  This portrays Rizal’s application of modern was used by him to equip the town with its lighting system of agriculture he had seen in Europe and system which consist of coconut oil lamps placed in other Western Country. dark streets of Dapitan.  Rizal pioneered the introduction of the water work system in Dapitan. Houses in Dapitan  He had applied his knowledge of surveying to  In his letter to Blumentritt on 19 December 1893, design a water system in Dapitan. Rizal described his houses in Dapitan:  he introduced the town water system which was completed in 1895 thru the help of the people and “I have three houses; one square, another hexagonal, and a his students using bricks, bottles, stones and used third octagonal, all of bamboo, wood and nipa. In the square roof tiles as material to build dam, pipes and the house we live, my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I; in foundation system. the octagonal live my boys or some good youngsters whom I  Talisay Water System- the water system made by teach arithmetic, Spanish and English; and in the hexagonal Rizal to give clean water to the citizens of the city live my chickens. where he lives. Water Tank in Dapitan o Rizal included a Jesuit named JOHN COSTA in water system planning.  On 15 January 1895, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he was “going to build a water-tank on my land. I have 14 o Rizal saw it on a mountain near his home boys whom I teach languages, mathematics, and how in TALISAY DAPITAN, this mountain to work, and as we have no work I have decided to is called LINAW. construct a dike of stone, brick, and mortar so that they may learn.”  Rizal provided a waterway made of bricks to flow  On 20 November of the same year, he wrote that he down the mountain, two kilometers down to a “made a wooden machine for making bricks” and that village now called Barangay SINONOC. he could “make at least 6,000 a day”. He eventually o At the end of the tube he made was a built an oven for the bricks. 8  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! Commentator Rizal as an Engineer  Rizal always expresses and publishes his personal  An American engineer, H. F Calderon was opinion. amazed by Rizal’s engineering prowess when he saw that water system in Dapitan ten years after it Economist had been completed. He specifically praised the  He knew how to allot his scarce resources materials used in that structure and its craftmanship. Farmer  His total land holdings reached 70 hectares containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees, and numerous TOPIC 4: THE MULTI-TALENTED HERO fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao.  He devoted his time to agriculture and was able to The Multi-talented Hero bought about 16 hectares of land in Talisay. There he was able to plant cacao, fruit trees, sugarcane, corn  This present the list of talents, abilities and skills and coconuts. - "We cannot all be doctors; it is of Jose Rizal. Aside from those enumerated in necessary that there would be some to cultivate the this presentation, there are still more that can be soil." attached to our national hero. Thus, becoming what we call as the “Multi-Talented Hero”. Fencer Rizal, Talent/Skills  He fenced with Europeans and Juan Luna and other friends in Europe. Fencing - a sport practiced at that Actor time only by the llustrados Inteligencia  He acted as a character in one of Juan Luna's Freemason abroad paintings and acted in school dramas.  He was member of La Solidaridad Lodge in Spain Anthropologist  He made researches on the physical and social make up of man. Archeologist  Rizal studied monuments and antique currency everywhere he went. He drew most of the monuments he saw. Book lover  He had a big library and brought many books abroad. Cartographer  He drew maps of Dapitan, the Philippines and otherplaces he visited. Chess Player  He played chess and bear several Germans and European friends and acquaintances. 9  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! Linguist  He spoke over 22 languages including: Tagalog, Grammarian Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanon, Spanish, Latin, Greek,  "Estudios Sobre la Tagala" (a birthday gift for his English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, former instructor, Father Sanchez who visited Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Rizal in Dapitan) Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian. Historian Magician  His annotation of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de  Since early childhood Rizal had been interested in las Islas Filipinas entitled him as one. magic.  When he attained manhood, he continued his keen Horticulturist predilection for magic.  He experimented on and cultivated plants in  In chapter XVII and XVIII of his second novel, El Dapitan. Filibusterismo, he revealed his wide knowledge in magic. Humorist  There are many humorous incidents in the Noli Mythologist Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.  Rizal used mythology in his Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo novels. Ichthyologist  He collected 38 new varieties of fish in Dapitan. Newspaperman  He wrote and published articles in many publications Inventor and was one of the organizers. Of the La Solidaridad  He invented a cigarette lighter, which he called sulpakan, and sent it to Blumentritt in 1887 as a Philosopher gift.  Rizal not only loved wisdom but also regulated his life and enjoyed calmness of the life at all time. Japanophile  His admiration of Japanese traits and his Physical culturist knowledge of the Japanese language proved he  Rizal maintained a good health by exercising all parts was one. of his body and eating proper foods. Journalist Plant lover  He authored several published articles in Spanish  As a child, Rizal spend most of his time in the family and English. garden which was planted with fruit trees, shrubs and decorativetrees. Judoka  His diaries contained detailed description and sketches  Rizal was the first Filipino and Malay to have of plants, flowers and fruits he saw in the places he practiced and in fact, taught martial arts sport. visited. Jiguro Kano taught him the "Way of ju" which means the truth of the universe. Poet  Rizal wrote over 35 poems including his famous Mi Ultimo Adios, To The Philippines, Our Mother Laboratory worker Tongue, Memories of My town, Hymn to Labor,  He was employed in the clinic of Dr. L. Wecker Kundiman, A Poem That Has No Title, Song of Maria in Paris. Clara, To the Philippines Youth, To Josephine, 1 0  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! Education Gives Luster to the Motherland, To the Virgin Mary, Sa Aking mga Kabata Politician  Although Rizal did not engage in politics, he exposed the evils of the political activities of the Spaniards in the Philippines through his writing. Polyglot  Rizal spoke and wrote in 20 languages. Proofreader  In Germany, he worked as a part-time proofreader of his livelihood. Propagandist  As a reformer, Rizal encourages the recommendation of improving the government entities and discourages abuses on publishing articles. Researcher  Being a wide reader, he compared the old. And new practices in life. Sharp shooter  He could hit a target 20 meters away. Sociologist  In Rizal’s study of Philippines social problems, he always encouraged and introduced solutions. Sodalist  He always joined fraternities, associations and brotherhood, for self-improvement. Translator  Christmas message (Hebrew to Spanish)  William Tell and Andersen Fairy Tales (German to Tagalog)  The Rights of Man (French to Tagalog)  Zend-Avesta (Arabic to Spanish) 1 1  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! - Sa hang̃ad na ang mg̃a librong NOLI ME TANGERE MODULE 6 at FILIBUSTERISMO, na kinatha ng̃Dr. Jose Rizal ay maunáwa at málasapang magaling ng̃catagalugan, ang TOPIC 1: THE IMPACT OF NOLI AND FILI mg̃a doo'y sinasabingnagpapakilala ng̃tunay nating calayaan at ng̃dapat nating gawiin, at nacapagpapaálab, namán ng̃ning̃as ng̃ating puso sa Apolinario Mabini pag-ibig sa kinamulatang lupa, minatapat cong - The preface of the "Noli me Tangere" states the ipalimbagang isinawikang tagalog na mg̃a librong purpose of its author, which was no other than to yaon, sa dahilang sa bilang na sampòng expose the sufferings of the Filipino people to the millong(sampong libong libo) filipino, humiguit public gaze, as the ancients did with their sick so cumulang, ay walang dalawampong libo ang tunay na that the merciful and generous might suggest and nacatatalos ng̃wicang castila na guinamit sa mg̃a apply a suitable care. kinathang yaón. Cung pakinabang̃an ng̃aking mg̃a calahi itong wagás cong adhica, walang cahulilip na Rhod Nuncio, Philippine Studies Professor towa ang aking tatamuhin, sa pagca't cahit - This is the richness of literary creations because babahagya'y nacapaglicod acó sa Inang-Bayan. there is an interface and exchange of ideas, learnings, values and creativity. Historical novels Jacob Schurman, Chair, First Philippine Commission are among the best way in this context. When it - While serving on the staff of the first U.S. speak of nationalism or patriotism, the Commission to the Philippine Islands, my attention intellectual readers react and reflect. Furthermore, was called to the life and writings of Dr. José Rizal. I comprehending historical facts about the found in his novel, “Noli Me Tangere,” the best revolution, say, the 1896 uprising could be picture of the life of the people of those islands under experienced as long as the reader or the Spanish rule, and the clearest exposition of the individual intermingled with character, time, governmental problems which Spain failed to solve, events and setting imaginatively. Noli me and with which our own people must deal. It occurred Tangere and El Filibusterismo require such. to me that an English translation of Rizal’s work would be of great value at the present time. My first Peter Jaynul V. Uckung, Writer intention was to reproduce the entire novel as it was - When Rizal wrote the Noli me Tangere and El written, but, after careful consideration Filibusterismo, he dramatized as no one before had done, the bitterness and alienation of the TOPIC 2: THE CONTROVERSIAL DOCUMENT people. His reformatory approach to social change was to exercise influence within established institutions rather than fighting Makamisa, the third novel of Rizal institutions from the outside. It did not work out. - In Hong Kong in 1892, Rizal began a novel in Tagalog During the American regime, people shifted in but gave up and started again in Spanish. These drafts strategy, perhaps remembering the futility of the were inaccessible in the vault of the National Library. propaganda movement, and used legislation and Worse, the papers were mislabeled as the borrador (or court litigation to secure constitutional rights. drafts) of the “Noli.” Correcting a simple cataloguing Later on, there were direct action techniques, error led to the revision of the Rizal canon that now utilizing the potential power of the masses along accepts “Makamisa” as his third, albeit unfinished, political and economic lines. Example of this was novel. -Ambeth Ocampo mass civil disobedience, which will create the kind of social dislocation that would bring Marriage to Bracken attention and remedial actions from the - In one of the last letters to his family, Rizal left government. specific instructions on where and how he wanted to be buried. He closed this letter with an appeal: “Tened Saturnina Rizal ni Hidalgo, Sister of Rizal compassion a la pobre Josefina [Have pity on poor 1 2  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! Josephine].” Two hours before he calmly walked both as National Heroes for they both figured in the to Bagumbayan for his appointment with destiny, emergence of the nation. Rizal left a small souvenir, a book dedicated to - The memorial service in Maragondon makes us look his “dear and unhappy wife Josephine.” -Ambeth into the way the two heroes lived and died: Rizal was Ocampo executed by the enemy while Bonifacio was executed by fellow Filipinos. Bonifacio was killed by the very Sa Aking kabata revolution he started. -Ambeth Ocampo - Raselis is alleged to have received a copy of this poem from Rizal himself, a token of their close Weakness friendship. Unfortunately, Raselis’ name does not - Rizal’s weakness, in Constantino’s view, lay in his appear in Rizal’s voluminous correspondence, failure to fully understand his people. He failed to diaries or writings. When Jaime C. de Veyra empathize with the true sentiments of the people in established the definitive canon of Rizal’s poetry launching the armed rebellion that made him repudiate in 1946 with a compilation published in the series it, perhaps due to his belief that violence should not “Documentos de la Biblioteca Nacional de prevail and that reforms must come from above. Filipinas” (Documents from the National Library Following this thought, Rizal in a way unconsciously of the Philippines) “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” was underestimated the capacity of those from below to not published in the original Tagalog but in a free compel changes and reforms. Spanish translation of the Tagalog by Epifanio de los Santos as “A mis compañeros de niñez.” - Rizal, a womanizer? Ambeth Ocampo - In an1883 letter to his brother Paciano; “Women abound even more (here in Madrid) and it is, indeed, Rizal was in favor of the Revolution? shocking that in many places they intercept men and - We presume Rizal chose reform over revolution they are not the ugly ones either... With respect to in 1887, by killing off Elias rather than Ibarra. To morality there are some who are models of virtue and make up for this twist in the “Noli,” we have innocence and others who have nothing womanly Simoun in “El Filibusterismo” (1891). Simoun about them, except their dress or at most their sex. incited violence and the persecution of his people Rightly it has been said that the women in the South of to move them to revolt. He failed—not because Europe have fire in their veins. However, here Rizal was against the revolution, but because he prostitution is a little more concealed than at reflected on the anger and bitterness in his heart Barcelona, though not less unrestrained." following the agrarian dispute in Calamba, and realized that one must start with a good intention TOPIC 3: WOMEN IN LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL to succeed. A poisoned tree cannot produce good fruit. Rizal demanded a pure heart. Purity of intention is the challenge because it is so hard to Segunda Katigbak find both in Rizal’s time and ours. -Ambeth - Segunda Katigbak, the puppy love. Unfortunately, his Ocampo first love was engaged to be married to a town mate- Manuel Luz. Rizal or Bonifacio? - This situation has led some people to ask: Who is Leonor Rivera greater then, Rizal or Bonifacio? It is an - Leonor Rivera was Rizal’s love for 11 years and she ideological rather than historical question that was the reason he tried not to fall in love with other finds no resolution, which is why I have always women during his travels. But, due to Rizal’s being a maintained that we should stop comparing and Propagandist and owing to the fact that he was the measuring heroes against each other because it is cause of many political problems in Calamba, not a boxing match where one emerges the victor, Leonor’s mother disapproved of the relationship. It is leaving a nation divided. Instead of choosing known that Rizal sent many letters and notes to between Rizal or Bonifacio, we should embrace Leonor, all of which her mother hid and never gave to 1 3  LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! her. This caused Leonor to believe that Rizal no longer had any feelings for her and she decided to Suzanne Jacoby agree to marrying a man of her mother’s choosing - In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high – the Englishman Henry Kipping. cost of living in Paris. In Brussels, he lived in the boarding house of the two Jacoby sisters. In time, they Leonor Valenzuela fell deeply in love with each other. Suzanne cried - A tall girl from Pagsanjan. Rizal send her love when Rizal left Brussels and wrote him when he was notes written in invisible ink, that could only be in Madrid. deciphered over the warmth of the lamp or candle. Josephine Bracken - In the last days of February 1895, while still in Consuela Ortiga Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year old petite Irish girl, with - During his stay in Madrid, Rizal and some fellow bold blue eyes, brown hair and a happy disposition. Filipino’s would visit the home of Don Pablo She was Josephine Bracken, the adopted daughter of Ortiga. They went there to visit the Don’s George Taufer from Hong Kong, who came to Dapitan daughters, but more specifically, Rizal went there to seek Rizal for eye treatment. Rizal was physically to visit Consuela, who was considered to be the attracted to her. prettiest among Don Pablo’s daughters. Consuela fell in love with Rizal and he even wrote a poem for her called A LA SENORITA C.O. y R. which became one of his best poems. Yet, keeping in mind that he was loyal to Leonor Rivera, he backed out before the relationship could get any more serious. Also, he knew that his friend – Eduardo de Lete – was in love with Consuela and he did not wish to destroy their friendship over a girl. Gertrude Beckett - While Rizal was in London annotating the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, he boarded in the house of the Beckett family, within walking distance of the British Museum. Gertrude, a blue- eyed and buxom girl was the oldest of the three Beckett daughters. She fell in love with Rizal. Tottie helped him in his painting and sculpture. But Rizal suddenly left London for Paris to avoid Gertrude, who was seriously in love with him. Before leaving London, he was able to finish the group carving of the Beckett sisters. He gave the group carving to Gertrude as a sign of their brief relationship. O-Sie-San - During his stay in Japan, Rizal fell in love with his guide, interpreter, and teacher in the Japanese language. It is said that if Rizal did not have a personal mission to accomplish, he would have married O-Sei San and lived in Japan for good. 1 4 LIFERIZ JIJEL Padayon! 1 5