MODULE-4-DRRM PDF

**MODULES** **NSTP-CWTS** **RUEL G. VILLAS, LPT** **Course Facilitator** **Capiz State University Pontevedra Campus** **[MODULAR UNIT IV]** **[DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT ]** **INTRODUCTION** The NSTP 111 Modular Procedural Manual (MPM) defines the MINIMUM required stock of knowledge and skills a student is to possess to qualify as a practitioner in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM). It is herein formulated and developed for any, and/ or all of the following purposes: 1. To upgrade the level of knowledge and skills of students in the Disaster Risk Resiliency (DRR), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Environmental Conservation Management (ECM). 2. To enhance the development of students through a precise assessment of their abilities in DRR-CCA-ECM. 3. To provide the students an opportunity to engage and participate in any urgency and emergency situation in their school, family and community. **CLASSIFICATIONS** 1. This Modular Procedural Manual is classified as NSTP 111. 2. Students who wish to pass the course will be required to show by exercises and evaluation that they are in possession of the knowledge and skills required by the Manual. 3. Students who passed and accomplished the minimum requirements will be properly acknowledged. **ENTRY REQUIREMENTS** 1. A student must be bonafide enrolled in Capiz State University, Main Campus. 2. He/ she is enrolled in CWTS-NSTP 111 for School Year 2020-2021. 3. He/ she has a basic background in disaster and calamity. **DEFINITION OF TERMS** For the purpose of this Manual, the word 1. ACDV -- Accredited Community Disaster Volunteer 2. BCP -- Business Continuity Plan 3. BDRRMC -- Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Committee 4. BFP -- Bureau of Fire Protection 5. BLS -- Basic Life Support 6. BOC -- BDRRMC Operation Center 7. CBDRRM -- Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management 8. CBO -- Community-Based Organization 9. CCA -- Climate Change Adaptation 10.. CDRRMC -- City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council 11.. CHED -- Commission on Higher Education 12.. CLUP -- Comprehensive Land Use Plan 13.. CMT -- Crisis Management Team 14.. CP -- Contingency Plan 15.. CPR -- Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation 16.. CSO -- Civil Society Organization 17.. CWTS -- Citizens Welfare Training Service 18.. DBM -- Department of Budget and Management 19.. DCG -- Disaster Control Group 20.. DENR -- Department of Environment and Natural Resources 21.. DepEd -- Department of Education 22.. DILG -- Department of Interior and Local Government 23.. DLS -- Distance Learning System 24.. DMT -- Database Management Training 25.. DOC -- Disaster Operation Center 26.. DOH -- Department of Health 27.. DOST -- Department of Science and Technology 28.. DRM -- Disaster Risk Management 29.. DRR -- Disaster Risk Resiliency 30.. DRRM -- Disaster Risk Reduction Management 31.. DSWD -- Department of Social Welfare and Development 32.. ECM -- Environmental Conservation Management 33.. EOC -- Emergency Operation Center 34.. EmComm -- Emergency Communications 35.. FA -- First-Aid 36.. GIS -- Geographical Information System 37.. JMC -- Joint Memorandum Circular 38.. HAZMAT -- Hazard Material 39.. ICS -- Incident Command System 40.. IHAN -- International Humanitarian Assistance Network 41.. IMT -- Incident Management Team 42.. LCCAP -- Local Climate Change Action Plan 43.. LDRRMF -- Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund 44.. LDRRMO -- Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office 45.. LGBT -- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual 46.. LGU -- Local Government Unit, Transgender 47.. LSWDO -- Local Social Welfare Development Office 48.. MDRRMC -- Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council 49.. MFR -- Medical First Responder 50.. MIRA -- Multi-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment 51.. MPM -- Modular Procedural Manual -- formulated module for NSTP 111 52.. NDRRMC -- National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council 53.. NDRRMP -- National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan 54.. NDRRMRF -- National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Recovery Framework 55.. NEDA -- National Economic Development Authority 56.. NSRC -- National Service Reserve Corps 57.. NSTP -- National Service Training Program 58.. NYC -- National Youth Commission 59.. OCD -- Office of Civil Defense 60.. PDMS -- Philippine Disaster Management System 61.. PDNA -- Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 62.. PDRRMC -- Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council 63.. PSA -- Public Safety Agency 64.. PWD -- Person with Disability 65.. RDANA -- Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis 66.. SIMEX -- Simulation Exercise 67.. SK -- Sangguniang Kabataan 68.. SME -- Subject Matter Expert 69.. SMS -- Short Messaging System 70.. SOP -- Standard Operating Procedure 71.. SRR -- Search, Rescue and Retrieval 72.. TESDA -- Technical Education Skills Development Authority 73.. WASH -- Water Sanitation and Hygiene **DELIMINATION OF THE MANUAL** In the context of this Manual, the NSTP 111 body of knowledge and skills covers only the common and basic information on Disaster Risk Reduction Management applicable for school, home and community application. This Manual is designed as a Disaster Preparedness Minimum Standards. **COURSE OBJECTIVES** After the conduct of this course, the students will be able to define and able to apply the basic concepts of DRRM, Four Thematic Areas, the Philippine DRRM System and the National DRRM Framework, identify the functions of Disaster Control Group, Incident Management Team, Crisis Management Team, outline their immediate actions on DRRM for their respective organizations and enable them to lead the cascading of information and skills to their respective family and community. In these Modular Procedural Manual, the students will demonstrate the following: 1. Explain the meaning of disaster. 2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters. 3. Describe the four thematic areas. 4. Explain how and when an event or hazard becomes a disaster. 5. Identify vulnerable areas exposed to hazards that may lead to disasters. 6. Analyze disaster from the different perspective a. Physical b. Psychological c. Socio-Cultural d. Economic e. Political f. Environmental g. Biological h. Spiritual **COURSE METHODOLOGIES** 1. Distance Learning System (DLS) applying the Flexible Learning Mode 2. Information Presentation using the Modular Procedural Manual (MPM) 3. Interactive Discussion using the Cellular Short Messaging System (SMS) 4. Exercises/ Simulation and Evaluation using the SMS mode. **OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE** The Philippine Constitution provides that the defense of the state is a prime duty of the government and the people, and in fulfillment of this duty, all citizens may be required by law to render military or civil service. NSTP enables the youth as the most valuable resource to be motivated, developed and utilized to the fulfillment of civil obligations. **CONTEXT** Disaster is a global phenomenon and a growing problem. The Philippines ranks as at risk to disasters, worldwide due to level of exposure to natural and human-induced hazards. It is no accident that 90% of disasters worldwide are in developing countries. Poverty and population pressures are forcing a great number of people to live in harm's way -- flood plains, earthquake-prone areas and unstable slopes and hills. Their extraordinary vulnerability is perhaps the single most important cause of disaster casualties. Disasters are not totally discrete events. It is defined as a crisis situation causing wide spread damage which far exceeds our ability to recover. Their possibility of occurrence, time, place and severity of the strike can be reasonably and in some cases accurately predicted by indigenous, scientific and technological advances. Disaster hurt the poor and vulnerable the most. Low income countries account for more than 70 percent of the world's disaster hotspots and the world's poor, one-third of whom live in multi-hazard zones, are the most vulnerable. **THE PHILIPPINE SITUATION** As an archipelago located at the south-eastern part of Asia, the Philippines is exposed to both climatic and geological hazards. It is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire where two major tectonic plates, the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate meet. With several fault lines crossing the country, earthquakes could have very devastating effects. There are 220 volcanoes, 22 of which are classified as active. The Philippines has always endured the hardships of a hostile environment. It is also located along the typhoon belt on the North Pacific Basin in the Pacific where 75% of the typhoons originate. There are 20 to 30 typhoons passing through the country, 5-7 of which can be destructive. As a consequence of extreme rainfall events, flash floods, flooding and landslides have become more prevalent since 2000. The occurrence of disasters has become an important factor adversely affecting our social stability and economic development. These natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, storm surges and flood occur mainly because of our geographical location. Many of these emergency situations just cannot be avoided. **TYPES OF DISASTER** Disasters are mainly of two types: 1. Natural Disasters -earthquakes, tsunami, typhoon, floods, landslides, storm surges, etc. 2\. Human-Induced Disasters -fires, bomb blast, explosion, chemical leaks, oil spills, war, etc. **UNDERLYING RISK FACTORS** There are some underlying risk factors which increase disaster. These include environmental problems, declining ecosystems, social and economic vulnerabilities and climate change. Climate change is the key element in the shifting nature of disaster risk for many communities. ![](media/image2.png) **The Pacific Typhoon Belt** **The Pacific Ring of Fire** The Philippine government has thus rallied concerned government and non-government agencies to formulate plans in order to prevent emergencies, mitigate their destructive effects and ensure the provision of assistance to those in need. Civil defense is the preparation in advance of measures necessary for our protection when disaster strikes. **EFFECTS OF DISASTERS** Thousands of Filipinos are affected by disasters every year and the impact can be dreadful. From the devastation of homes, livelihood, basic services to the spread of disease, disasters can destroy an entire community and country all at once. Earthquakes and typhoons do not just cause destruction on land but they also disrupt people's lives, especially for those living in remote and geographically isolated areas. **EFFECTS ON COMMUNITY** The range of effect of disasters on a community can be described across the social, built, economic and natural environments. The four environments are mainly separations for the purpose of functional responsibilities within recovery -- when working with communities in recovery each environment should be coordinated with all others. The importance of supporting the social functioning of a community is fundamental to the implementation of recovery activities in all other environments, and to supporting the foundations of community sustainability. **EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUAL** The effect upon an individuals and households need to be understood and addressed. It is equally important to understand the impact and disruption to the social capital and connectedness of communities and the need to support the restoration of communities to a functioning state. Social well-being occurs when needs are sufficient to cover basic necessities, where there is access to social, medical and educational services, and where people are treated with dignity and consideration. Disaster can impact the social well-being of an individual and can degrade quality of life and undermine the social quality of the community. **EFFECTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT** Effects on the social environment include the disappearance of much of what is once considered routine -- from simple, everyday things to the loss of the communication network that you are familiar with, such as walking down the street and talking to people. These impacts are often intangible. Social structures such as faith-based groups, educational facilities, networks and relationships, childcare, service groups. civic groups, non-government organizations, neighborhood centers and health facilities can all be disrupted. **EFFECTS ON BUILT ENVIRONMENT** The effects of disaster on the built environment depend on the disaster type, scale, magnitude, duration and location of impact. Within the built environment, impacts may include: a. Loss of essential basic utility services: power, water, food, fuel, communications, gas, sewerage, etc. b. Loss of community infrastructure: public buildings, schools, hospitals, iconic buildings and structures c. Loss/ damage/ disruption of transport services: roads, bridges, air/ marine/ rail transport infrastructure, facilities and assets which can disrupt the flow and movement of people, transport of goods and basic lifeline commodities. d. Loss of property: residential, commercial, industrial, institutional **EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT** The effects of disaster on economic development can be classified in terms of direct and indirect impacts -- that is, those that are tangible and can be normally have a dollar value easily assigned and those that are intangible. Impacts on the economic environment may include: a. Loss of livelihoods b. Disorientation of service providers c. Reduction in cash flow d. Loss of tourism activities e. Loss of employment opportunities for some people f. The impacts of donated goods and services on local economies **EFFECTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT** The effects of disaster on the natural environment that impact the community may be a result of the disaster or they may be a secondary impact or flow on from the disaster response or recovery process. Examples include air quality, water quality, land degradation and contamination, bio-security, sense of place issues and impacts on the natural environment. The degree and to which a community recovery can be achieved depends on the disaster and on existing community and individual resilience and vulnerability In creating awareness of the risks, disasters afford communities the opportunity to adapt and reduce their exposure to potential future risks. **FROM NATURAL EVENT TO DISASTER** When determining whether a natural event will be categorized as a disaster, we need to know who and what is at risk. Jurisdictions often know where natural events, such as floods, may occur and sometimes have estimates of impact for certain frequency events but they rarely know who is going to be impacted. **TAILORING RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC COMMUNITY** Emergency response effort can be tailored to target the needs of these communities before, during and after an event or disaster. They have to ensure warnings go out in multiple approach and are readily available. A community can devise or develop a plan or programs where neighborhood can easily understand the warning signals, when to evacuate and where to go. **PHILIPPINE AREAS EXPOSED TO DISASTER** Geophysical factors transcend or go beyond administrative boundaries yet vulnerability to these types of disasters may be estimated according to seismic zones. According to the Center for Environmental Geomatics -- Manila Observatory, the areas exposed to disaster are categorized based on the following: **Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) --** is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunami. **Risk to Earthquakes** Top ten provinces that are at risk to earthquakes are: 1. Surigao del Sur 6. Tarlac 2. La Union 7. Ifugao 3. Benguet 8. Davao Oriental 4. Pangasinan 9. Nueva Viscaya 5. Pampanga 10. Nueva Ecija Top 8 Disastrous Earthquakes in the Philippines 1. 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake (and Tsunami) -- the deadliest killing over 8,000 people 2. 1645 Luzon Earthquake 3. 1990 Luzon Earthquake 4. 1880 Luzon Earthquake 5. 1968 Casiguran, Quezon Earthquake 6. 2012 Visayas Earthquake (Bohol/ Cebu/ Negros Oriental) 7. 1994 Mindoro Earthquake 8. 2002 Mindanao Earthquake **What is the Earthquake-Proof Province in the Philippines?** Province of Palawan -- allegedly the safest part in the Philippines. Palawan is being considered as the safest part in the Philippines because it has no active volcanoes, neither active fault lines nor deep trenches. **What is the Biggest Fault Line in the Philippines?** The 1,200 km long Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) is a major tectonic feature that transects the whole Philippine Archipelago from northwestern Luzon to southeastern Mindanao. **Deadliest Tsunami in the Philippines** 1. 1976 Tsunami -- 4,381 people died (8.0 magnitude/ wave height of 9 meters) August 16, 1976 -- Moro Gulf, Mindanao 2. 1994 Tsunami -- 38 people died (7.1 Earthquake/ wave height of 7.3 meters) November 15, 1994 -- Mindoro Island **Philippine Areas Vulnerable to Tsunami** 1. Manila Trench 2. Negros Trench 3. Sulu Trench 4. Cotabato Trench 5. Philippine Trench 6. East Luzon Through **Risk to Earthquake-Induced Landslides** Top ten provinces that are at risk to earthquake-induced landslides are: 1. Ifugao 6. Bukidnon 2. Lanao del Sur 7. Aurora 3. Sarangani 8. Davao del Sur 4. Benguet 9. Davao Oriental 5. Mountain Province 10. Rizal **Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) --** is a government agency under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). MGB is responsible for the conservation, management, development and use of the country's mineral resources, including those in reservations and public lands. MGB is the lead agency in conducting monitoring for landslide and debris flow events. **Deadly Landslide in the Philippines** 1. 1999 Cherry Hills Landslide (August 3, 1999) 60 people died 2. 2003 Panaon Island Debris Flow (December 19, 2003) 154 people died 3. 2006 Ginsaugon Landslide (February 11, 2006) Ginsaugon, Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte 1,200 people died 4. 2006 Mayon Volcano Lahar Flow (November 30, 2006) Bicol Region 1,200 people died 5. 2009 Cordillera Landslide (October 2009) Cordillera Region 120 died in Benguet/ 25 in Baguio City/ 23 in Mountain Province 6. 2012 New Bataan Debris Flow (December 4, 2012) 128 people died 7. 2012 Pantukan Landslide (December 5, 2012) Pantukan, Compostela Valley 42 people died 8. 2014 Catbalogan Landslide (December 30, 2014) Catbalogan City, Samar 19 people died 9. 2017 Biliran Landslide (December 16, 2017) Biliran Province 42 people died 10. 2018 Itogon Landslide (September 15, 2018) Itogon, Benguet 58 people died 11. 2018 Landslide (September 20, 2018) **What is the Worst Landslide in the Philippines?** February 17, 2006 -- a massive rock slide-debris avalanche occurred in the Province of Southern Leyte, causing widespread damage and loss of life. The deadly landslide (or debris flow) followed a 10-day period of heavy rain and a minor earthquake (magnitude 2.6). **Risk to Typhoons** Top ten provinces that are at risk to typhoons are: 1. Albay 6. Rizal 2. Pampanga 7. Northern Samar 3. Ifugao 8. Cavite 4. Sorsogon 9. Masbate 5. Biliran 10. Laguna **Worst Typhoons** 1. Rank 1 Haiphong, 1881 -20,000 people died 2. Rank 2 Yolanda, 2013 -6,300 people died 3. Rank 3 Uring, 1991 -5,101 people died 4. Rank 4 Pablo, 2012 -1,901 people died Storms most frequently make landfall on the islands of Eastern Visayas, Bicol Region and Northern Luzon whereas the Southern Island and region of Mindanao is largely free of typhoons. Storm -- is any disturbed state of a body especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying a wind force. Typhoon -- is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the Northwestern Pacific and usually threaten Asia. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth. The International Date Line serves as the Pacific Ocean's dividing Marker, so when a hurricane crosses over, it becomes a typhoon. Typhoons are generally stronger than hurricanes. This is because of warmer water in the Western Pacific which creates better conditions for development of a storm. Cyclone -- is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. Hurricane -- a type of storm called a tropical cyclone which forms over tropical or sub-tropical waters. **Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration** **(PAGASA)** is the agency responsible for assessing and forecasting weather, flood and other conditions essential to the safety and welfare of the people. **PAGASA's Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale** [Category] [Sustained Winds] Super Typhoon (STY) -- maximum wind speed exceeding 220 up to 300+ km/h \> 220 km/h \>.*119 knots (mph)* Typhoon (TY) -- maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 km/h 118 -- 220 km/h *64 -- 119 knots (mph)* Severe Tropical Storm (STS) -- maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 km/h 89 -- 117 km/h *48 -- 63 knots (mph)* Tropical Storm (TS) -- maximum sustained winds of 62 to 88 km/h or higher 62 -- 88 km/h *34 -- 47 knots (mph)* Tropical Depression (TD) -- max. sustained winds of less than 39 mph \< 61 km/h \< *33 knots (mph)* Low pressure Area (LPA) -- is a region where the air pressure is lower than the surrounding locations. The formation process of LPA is known as cyclogenesis. **THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM** Presidential Decree 1566 has been the basic law that guides the disaster management programs, projects and strategies implementation in the country. However, it has been observed from past experiences that the law creates more leaning and gives more emphasis on response phase. The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) initiated the shift on disaster management approaches and strategies from "reactive" to "proactive" -- a paradigm shifts from the prevalent culture of *reaction* to a culture of *prevention*. Republic Act 10121, also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, an act that provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction, management and recovery, including good governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery. A National Disaster Risk Reduction Management and Recovery Framework and Plan (NDRRMRF) was developed, formulated and implemented. The framework provides for comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction, management and recovery. It serves as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction, management and recovery efforts in the country. **REPUBLIC ACT 10121** Declaration of Policy 1. Upholding people's rights to life and property and adherence to internationally accepted principles, norms and standards for capacity building in DRRM and humanitarian assistance; 2. Adoption of holistic, comprehensive, integrated, proactive and multi-sector approach in addressing the impacts of disasters, including climate change; 3. Development, promotion and implementation of a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP); 4. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change in national and local development plans and development processes; 5. Mainstreaming DRR into the peace process and conflict resolution; 6. Ensuring DRR and Gender Responsive measures, sensitive to indigenous knowledge and respect of human rights; 7. Strengthening capacity building of local Government Units (LGU) on DRR and vulnerable and marginalized groups; 8. Engaging the participation of CSO's, private sectors and DRR volunteers; 9. Promotion of breastfeeding before and during a disaster or emergency; and 10. Ensuring maximum care, assistance and services to affected individuals and families. **Salient Features of PDRRM Act of 2010 (RA 10121)** 1. Policy Statements and Terminologies on DRRM. 2. Institutional Mechanisms a.1.1. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) a.1.2. Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) a.1.3. Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC) a.1.4. Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (MDRRMC) a.1.5. Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) b.1. Office of Civil Defense (OCD) Office of Civil Defense, Regional Office VI, Iloilo Secretariat of RDRRMC VI c.1. Permanent office on DRRM at the LGU level; Barangay DRRM Committee d.1. Disaster Volunteers \- Evacuation Team \- Transportation Team \- Communication and Warning Team \- First-Aid and Medical Team \- Rescue and Extrication Team \- Safety and Security Team \- Fire and Hazmat Team 3\. Operational Mechanisms a.1. Coordination during emergencies a.2. Declaration of a State of Calamity a.3. Remedial Measures a.4. Mechanism for the IHAN 4\. Participation, Accreditation, Mobilization, Protection and Development of Disaster Volunteers. a.1. Inviting the volunteers to participate in a the DRR Council. a.2. Submission of requirements to the DILG for accreditation. a.3. Engage the volunteers in DRR events and programs. a.4. Secure the safety and welfare of volunteers with insurance coverage. a.5. Provide trainings and capacity building activities for the volunteers. 5\. Training and Education in DRR a.1. Training Courses for Preparedness, Prevention and Mitigation \- Community-Based DRRM \- Drills \- Simulation Exercises (SIMEX) \- Geographic Information System (GIS) \- Risk and Hazard Assessment \- Early Warning System (EWS) \- IEC/ Advocacy/ Effective Communications Training \- Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) \- Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) \- Database Management Training (DMT) \- Contingency Planning (CP) a.2. Training Courses on Response, Recovery and Rehabilitation \- Incident Command System (ICS) \- Search, Rescue and Retrieval (SRR) \- Basic Life Support (BLS) and First-Aid (FA) \- Medical First Responders (MFR) \- Psychosocial Intervention \- Hazardous Materials Management (Hazmat) \- Evacuation Camp Management \- Management of the Dead and the Missing \- Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA) \- Multi-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) \- Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) \- Emergency Communications (EmComm) a.3. Mandatory Training in DRR for Public Sector Employee \- Incident Command System (ICS) \- Emergency Operation Center (EOC) \- Fire and Earthquake Evacuation Management Protocols a.4. Integration of DRR in school curricula, training for out-of-school youth, Sangguniang Kabataan and informal training. \- Orientation on School-Based DRRM \- Natural and Human-Induced Hazards Preparedness \- Earthquake Orientation and Evacuation Drill \- Fire and Hazmat Orientation and Evacuation Drill \- Bomb Threat/ Explosion Orientation and Evacuation Drill **National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC)** Leading the collaborative efforts in disaster preparedness planning and mitigation, as well as disaster response operations and rehabilitation both in the government and private sectors is the NDRRMC. It is the highest policy-making, coordinating and supervising body at the national level chaired by the Secretary of National Defense thru the Executive Director of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD). The NDRRMC is also responsible for advising the President of the Republic of the Philippines on the status of the national disaster preparedness programs and management plans, disaster operations, and rehabilitation efforts of all stakeholders, and it also recommends to the President the declaration of the state of calamity and the release of the national calamity fund as needed. **Office of Civil Defense (OCD)** The Office of the Civil Defense serves as the executive arm and secretariat of the NDRRMC. The OCD formulates and implements the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP). It has in its vision a service-oriented organization, prepared population and a safe nation. Its mission is to basically administer a comprehensive national civil defense and civil assistance program by providing leadership in the continuous development of measures to reduce risk to communities and manage the consequence of disasters. As the nerve center for alert and monitoring, resource mobilization, response coordination, and information management, it has the primary task of coordinating the activities and functions of various government agencies and instrumentalities, private institutions and civic organizations for the protection and preservation of life and property during emergencies. **Organizational Network** The Philippine Disaster Management System (PDMS) is carried out at various political subdivisions and administrative regions of the country through the NDRRMC; 17 Regional RDRRMCs; 80 PDRRMCs; 113 CDRRMCs; 1,496 MDRRMCs and 41,956 BDRRMCs. National DRRM Council = 1 Regional DRRM Councils = 17 members Provincial DRRM Councils = 80 members City DRRM Councils = 113 members Municipal DRRM Councils = 1,496 members Barangay DRRM Committees = 41,956 members **Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (LDRRMO)** a. It is established in every Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. b. Responsibility -- setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction. c. The LDRRMO organized is composed of a DRRM Officer, assisted by three staffs responsible for: - Administrative and Training - Research and Planning - Operations and Warning d. The LDRRMOs and BDRRMCs shall organize, train and directly supervise the local emergency response teams and the Accredited Community Disaster Volunteers (ACDV). **Accreditation, Mobilization and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and National Service Reserve Corps, Civil Society Organizations and the Private Sectors.** a. The government agencies, CSOs, private sectors an LGUs may mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective personnel complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk reduction programs and activities. b. The agencies, CSOs, private sectors and LGUs concerned shall take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers, and shall submit the list of volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs, for accreditations and inclusion in the database of community disaster volunteers. **Integration of DRR Education into the School Curricula and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public Sector Employees.** a. The DepEd, CHED, TESDA in coordination with OCD, NYC, DOST, DENR, BFP, DOH, DSWD and other relevant agencies shall integrate DRRM education in the school curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education, including NSTP, whether private or public, including formal and non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning, and out-of-school youth courses and programs. b. The NDRRMC, RDRRMCs, LDRRMCs, LDRRMOs, BDRRMCs and the SK councils shall encourage community, specifically the youth participation in DRRM activities. **Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Concepts** The concept of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) accepts that some hazard events may occur but tries to lessen the impact by improving the community's ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or destruction. Disaster risk reduction and management is a series of actions (programs, projects and/ or measures) and instruments expressly aimed at reducing disaster risk in endangered regions, and mitigating the extent of disasters. Operationally, it includes risk assessment, disaster prevention and mitigation and disaster preparedness. It is used to underscore the current trend of taking a proactive approach to hazards posed by extreme natural phenomena. **Definition of Disaster Management Terms** 1. **Hazards**. A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment. 2. **Risks**. A Probability or threat of a damage, injury, loss, or other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized through preemptive action. 3. **Vulnerability**. The level of susceptibility or resiliency of the people and communities against the impact of the prevailing hazards based on the state of physical, social, and economic conditions in a given area. 4. **Disasters**. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. A disaster can be defined as: "...a situation or event, which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering." **The Disaster Equation** -**Hazards** (H). Physical impact of disturbance -**Risk** (R). Likelihood of harm, loss, disaster -**People or Community** (Exposure). Elements affected by hazard **-Vulnerability** (V). Susceptibility and capacity to prepare, absorb and recover from hazard **H** x **R** x **V** = **Disaster** Hazard x Risk x Vulnerability = Disaster ![](media/image4.jpeg) Where: **H** = Hazard **R** = Risk **People or Community** **V** = Vulnerability **Exposure** = Elements affected by hazards **Disaster Risk Management -- WHAT and WHO?** Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve 1\. Prevention 4\. Response ------------------ -------------------- 2\. Mitigation 5\. Recovery 3\. Preparedness 6\. Rehabilitation **The Lead Agencies** **Department of Science and Technology (DOST) --** The lead agency for [disaster prevention and mitigation]. It avoids hazard and mitigate potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure, and enhancing the capacities of communities against possible disaster. The activities include: Community-Based and Scientific Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), Hazard Assessment, Hazard Mapping, Analysis and Monitoring. **PAGASA**: Meteorological, Hydrological and Hydrological Hazards \_Typhoon and Flood Orientation and Evacuation Drill \_Typhoon and Storm Surge Orientation and Evacuation Drill \_Landslide and Flashflood Orientation and Evacuation Drill **PHIVOLCS**: Earthquake, Tsunami and Volcanic Eruption Hazards \_Earthquake Preparedness Orientation and Drill \_Tsunami Preparedness Orientation and Drill \_Volcanic Eruption Preparedness Orientation and Drill **Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)** -- The lead agency for [disaster preparedness]. It establishes and strengthen the capacities and of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters. The activities include: DRRM Planning, Contingency Planning, Pre-Emptive Evacuation, Hazard Orientations, Local Drills and Simulation Exercises. **BFP**: Fire and Hazard Material (Hazmat) Hazards \_Fire Prevention and Control Orientation and Exit Drill \_Hazard Material (Hazmat) Orientation and Exit Drill **PNP**: Safety and Security Hazards \_Campus Security Lockdown Orientation and Safety Drill \_Crime and active Shooter Orientation and Safety Drill ![](media/image6.png) **PREVENTION AND MITIGATION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS** ![](media/image8.png) **DISASTER RESPONSE REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY** **Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)** -- The lead agency for disaster response. It provides life preservation and meet the basic needs of affected population during or immediately after a disaster. The activities include: Relief Operation, Search and Rescue, Retrieval Operations, Dissemination of Disaster-Related Information, Management of Dead and Missing, Evacuation Management and Coordination of Uniformed and Civil Services. -Provincial Social Welfare Development Office (**PSWDO**) -City Social Welfare Development Office (**CSWDO**) -Municipal Social Welfare Development Office (**MSWDO**) **National Economic Development Authority (NEDA)** -- The lead agency for disaster recovery and rehabilitation. It restores and improve the facilities, restore livelihood, living conditions and organizational capacities of affected communities. Activities include: Restoration of Livelihood, Restoration of Shelter, Repair and Restoration of Infrastructure, in that order. -NEDA Regional Office VI Iloilo City Disaster risk management involves all levels of government -- decision makers and Local Government Units (LGUs). Non-Governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process. Communities themselves are the first responders. **The Disaster Cycle** The disaster life cycle describes the process through which emergency managers prepare for emergencies and disasters, respond to them when they occur, help people and institutions recover from them, mitigate their effects, reduce risks of loss, and prevent disaster from occurring. **The Disaster Management Cycle** Traditional Model -- The traditional approach to disaster management is to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum. This can be represented as a cycle: **Disaster Management** Disaster Management refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment. 1. Disaster management occurs before, during and after a disaster. 2. Disaster management consists of the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) component as well as relief, response, early and long-term recovery, including rehabilitation, and reconstruction. a. Disaster response, including relief activities, is conducted immediately after a disaster occurs primarily to save lives and for humanitarian purposes. b. Recovery occurs over the short, medium and long term in the aftermath of a disaster. Rehabilitation and reconstruction, on the other hand, are long term activities necessary to restore public infrastructures, services and critical facilities. **Critical Facilities** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | e. Evacuation Center | g\. Bridges | +===================================+===================================+ | a. Hospital | h\. Sea Port | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | b. Water Utility | i\. Airport | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | c. Electric Power Utility | j\. Telecommunications | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | d. Transportation | k\. Bank/Money Transfer Center | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | f. Roads | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Building Back Better during this process means not generating new risks and mitigating existing ones. ![](media/image10.png) **Rationale for Risk Management** 1. Comprehensive risk management process has the potential to break the cycle of damage and reconstruction when a community is subjected to repeated natural hazards. 2. To be effective, a strategy must be in place and ready for immediate implementation when necessary. 3. This can only be done through advance preparation and planning. **Disaster Risk Management Objectives** 1. Reduce vulnerabilities in the community 2. When sustained over a long term, reduce unacceptable risk to acceptable levels and make the community become disaster resistant and resilient. **Disaster Risk Management refers to a Range of**: 1. Policies 2. Legislative Mandates 3. Professional Practices 4. Social, Structural and Non-Structural Adjustments 5. Risk Transfer Mechanisms to prevent, reduce or minimize the effects of hazards on a community. **Range of Risk Management Measures** 1. Engineering Measures (keep hazard away from people). 2. Land Use Planning and Management Measures. (keep people away from hazard). 3. Control and Protection Works (modifying the hazard). 4. Early Warning System (predicting the hazard). 5. Preparedness Planning (anticipation of a hazard event). 6. Reconstruction Planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability. 7. Mainstreaming Risk Management in development practice and institutionalization. **Evolving Disaster Management Concepts and Paradigms** **The Disaster Risk Reduction Management Paradigm** 1. The Disaster Risk Reduction paradigm has become dominant in the 21^st^ century. DRR is proactive by aiming to establish a culture of disaster prevention and resilience. DRR measures emphasizes non-structural mitigation measures are therefore a must. 2. Disaster Risk Management is a range of related activities for coping with risk, including how related activities are identified and assessed and how social interventions to deal with risk are monitored and evaluated. 3. DRRM is undertaken during normal times and before another disaster strikes. It focuses on the following: a. **Mitigation and Prevention** (DOST). This is a sustained measure taken before a disaster occurs and is aimed to minimize the potential impacts of a disaster or reduce disaster risks. b. **Preparedness** (DILG). This helps reduce severity of impact or certain disasters, particularly slow-onset disasters. Proactively with risk identification and capacity development. Common preparedness measures: hazard maps, food and material stockpiling, emergency drills, installation of early warning systems, and preparation of emergency kits. c. **Risk Assessment** (Identification and Monitoring). The information generated by this is essential to the development of non-structural mitigation measures (institutional and capacity building, information sharing and dissemination, land use planning). **Risk Reduction** focuses on prevention and mitigation. It involves: 1. Development and implementation of Policies, Regulations and Standards 2. Land Use Planning, Zoning, Building Codes, Structural Best Practices 3. Preparedness Planning, Investment Decision Making, Institutional Framework and System 4. Education and Training, Public Awareness **Components of Risk Reduction** 1. Understanding the Nature of Hazards 2. Understanding the Nature of Vulnerabilities **Disaster Response and Recovery** 1. Focuses on relatively narrow window post-event 2. Focuses on Triage, Stabilization, bridging back to normal state. ![](media/image12.png)**Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework** The government pursues a comprehensive disaster management framework that encompasses disaster risk reduction, mitigation and preparedness in the pre-event, and disaster response, rehabilitation and recovery in the post-event. A framework that has evolved and adapted to the lessons of past disaster events as well as emerging concerns, and anchored on the national authority's program thrusts aimed to, among others, implement the Sendai Framework for Action. **The Government's Comprehensive Approach** 1. **Governance**. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. - Strong political will of local executives/ Local Government Units - Institutionalization of DRRM in the academe, church, private, etc. 2. **Risk Assessment and Early Warning**. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning system. - Conduct hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment. - Develop an early warning system and protocols. 3. **Knowledge Management and Education**. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. - Conduct trainings and seminars with the experts. - Develop an inclusive information system for all sectors. 4. **Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction**. Reduce the underlying factors. - Understand the risks and devise a strategy to survive. - Mitigate the possible risks in your immediate vicinity and surrounding. 5. **Disaster Preparedness**. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. - Conduct disaster orientation to all sectors of society. - Plan, apply and practice the survival skills and knowledge. **Hazards in the Philippines** The Philippines is prone to various natural and human-induced hazards because of its geographic and geologic setting. **The Natural Hazards (Phenomenon)** ![](media/image14.png) **The Human-Induced Hazards (Man-Made)** **Hazard Classifications** 1. **Natural Hazards** are natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a damaging event. It can be classified by origin: geographical, hydrological, meteorological, astronomical and biological. a. **Geographical Hazards**. Natural earth processes or phenomena in the biosphere, which include geological, neo-tectonic, geophysical, geomorphological, geotechnical and hydro-geological nature. Examples: earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity and emissions, mass movements such as landslides, rockslides, rockfall, liquefaction, submarine slides, subsidence, surface collapse, geological fault activity. b. **Hydrological and Meteorological Hazards**. Natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature. Examples: floods, debris and mud flows, typhoons, storm surge, thunderstorm, hailstorm, rain and wind storms, blizzards, Tornado, Waterspout and other severe storms; drought, dry spell, desertification, wild land fires, heat waves, sand or dust storms; permafrost, snow avalanches. c. **Astronomical Hazards**. Natural processes or phenomena of astronomical nature or space origin. Examples: meteorites fall, solar storms and flares, magnetic and astronomical radiation. d. **Biological Hazards**. Processes of organic or those conveyed by biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic micro-organism, toxins and bioactive substances. Examples: outbreak of epidemic diseases, plant or animal contagion and extensive infestations. e. **Technological Hazards**. Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents. Dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures, or certain human activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Examples: industrial pollution, nuclear explosion, fire conflagration, hazard material and oil spills. f. g. **Environmental Degradation**. Processes induced by human behavior and activities (sometimes combined with natural hazards) that damage and destroy the natural resource base or adversely alter the natural processes or ecosystems. Examples: land degradation, deforestation, desertification, wild land fires, loss of biodiversity, land water and air pollution, climate change, sea level rise, ozone layer depletion. **Disaster Preparedness: The Minimum Standards** The National DRRM Plan 2011-2028 specified the goals and intended outcomes for disaster preparedness as follows: **Overall Responsible Agency**: Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) **Goal:** Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters. **Objectives**: 1. Increase the level of awareness of the community to the threats and impacts of all hazards, risks and vulnerabilities. 2. Equip the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative impacts of a disaster. 3. Increase the capacity of institutions. 4. Develop and implement comprehensive national and local disaster preparedness policies, plans and systems. 5. Strengthen partnership among all key players and stakeholders. **Outcome and Lead Agencies** 1. Increased level of awareness and enhanced capacity of the community to the threats and impacts of all hazards. 2. Communities are equipped with necessary skills and capacity to cope with the impacts of disasters. Lead Agencies: DILG and OCD 3. Increased DRRM and CCA capacity of local DRRM councils, offices and operating centers at all levels. Lead Agency: DILG 4. Developed and implemented comprehensive national and local preparedness and response policies, plans and systems. 5. Strengthened partnership and coordination among all key players and stakeholders. **DRRM Projects and Activities** The projects and activities under disaster preparedness as stipulated in the NDRRMC-DBM-DILG Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) N0. 2013-1 on Allocation and Utilization of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) include: 1. Conduct of trainings on disaster preparedness and response, search, rescue and retrieval operations. 2. Conduct of simulation exercises at various levels to test plans and skills. 3. Development of information, education and communications (IEC) campaign, and information sharing between LGUs/ communities and the national government. 4. Development of standard operations manual for Disaster Operation Centers (DOC). 5. Development and implementation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for deployment, evacuation and coordination with rapid assessment teams. 6. Development and institutionalization of Early Warning System (EWS), information sharing among LGUs/ communities and the national government. 7. Conduct of disaster risk reduction and management researches. 8. Conduct of multi-stakeholder's dialogue. 9. Development and conduct of regular review of Contingency Plan (CP). 10. Development of information and database generation. 11. Stockpiling of basic emergency supplies. 12. Other programs or projects of similar nature and considered necessary. **Disaster Preparedness Minimum Standards** These standards are designed to be relevant at all levels in the wide variety of hazards. These are minimum requirements for disaster preparedness. The standards are sorted into the following categories: **Structure** Refer to the overseeing and implementing organization for DRRM at the local level as stipulated in RA 10121. **System and** Processes and procedures, and guiding principles that need to be **Policies** in place to ensure the effective implementation of DRRM projects and activities. **Plans** Course of action and proposed strategies for local DRRM programs, integrating Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction, and adopted through a Resolution. **Data** Facts, information and figures needed to effectively plan and **Requirements** implement DRRM initiatives at the local level. **Trainings** Educational and instructional requirements to efficiently and Effectively manage and execute DRRM projects and activities. **Equipage** Equipment, tools and paraphernalia requirements to adequately prepare when hazard strike. **Service Delivery** Stocks, services and support that should be in place for effective disaster response and recovery. Minimum standards for organized local institution or operating unit, in order to strengthen coordination, provide measures and implement programs to realize DRRM objectives. **Barangay DRRM Committee (BDRRMC)** \_headed by the Punong Barangay \_convenes once every quarter or as necessary \_conducts selection and accreditation/ recognition of CSOs and NGOs, supported by Resolution \_establishes coordination and partnership mechanisms \_organizes volunteers with accreditation and trainings **BDRRMC Operation Center (BOC)** \_functions 24/7 year round (3 shifts) \_manned by dedicated Warning and Operation Officer \_develops and implements SOPs and Contingency Plans \_must be located to strategic and low risk area. **System and Policies** \_dedicated DRRM Officer \_trained Responders with supplies and logistics \_capacity building programs \_provision of communication system \_operational protocols **Evacuation System** \_functional Early Warning System \_evacuation map \_ordinance on pre-emptive or forced evacuation \_identified evacuation centers \_regular conduct of drills and simulation exercises \_regular audit of equipment and personnel **Relief Management** \_warehouse/ stockpile located in low risk areas \_volume of stockpile: minimum to last for 3 days (72 hours) \_relief distribution: per tagging system \_monitoring and evaluation system **Monitoring and Evaluation System** \_daily situational report \_multi-cluster or sector initial rapid assessment (MIRA) \_year-end narrative accomplishment report \_utilization of LDRRMF financial report **Humanitarian Assistance Management System** \_**Receipt**: all donations/ assistance (goods and services) shall be coordinated with the Local Social Welfare Development Office and Local Health Office \_**Tracking & Accounting**: all donations shall be posted in conspicuous places with proper accounting and documentation. \_**Coordination**: all donors shall check-in with the LSWDO for declaration of goods and services. **BDRRMC Plans** Basic and essential plans for charting strategies and proposed actions, to achieve DRRM deliverables. These must be updated and enhanced on a regular basis to ensure effectiveness in planning. \_Community-Based DRRM Plan \_Contingency Plans \_Advocacy Plan \_Communication Plan **BDRRMC Minimum Training** \_CBDRRM \_Basic Life Support and First-Aid \_Drills and Simulation Exercises **Equipage** Equipment, tools, gears and expendable items for preparedness, response and rescue activities that will be procured and/ or acquired for flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslides, and other natural or human-induced calamities. The LGU/ institution or organization must maintain a regular inventory of these equipage to ensure availability. \_Electric Generator \_Life Jacket \_Power Banks \_Flotation Ring \_Solar Power \_Throw Bag \_Flashlight \_Spine Board \_Vehicle \_Stretcher \_Telemetric \_Shovel \_Warning Devices \_Chainsaw \_Megaphone \_Safety Full Body Harness \_VHF Radio Transceiver \_Helmet/ Hard Hat \_HF/ SSB Radio Transceiver \_Goggle/ Eye Protector \_Cellular Phone \_Work Gloves \_Siren \_Boots \_Public Address System \_Water Purifying Machine \_Laptop \_First-Aid Kit \_Computer with Printer \_Medical Kit \_Global Positioning System (GPS) \_Mobile Kitchen \_Compass \_Electric Drill \_Search Light \_Jackhammer \_Rope \_Crowbar \_Ladder \_Axe **Service Delivery:** **Evacuation Center Management** \_disaster resilient evacuation centers \_located in low risk areas \_accessible to all **Designation/ Prioritization** \_pregnant women \_persons with disability \_children \_senior citizens \_6 families per evacuation room **Toilets** \_separate toilets for male, female, children and PWD \_designated toilet for LGBTs with assigned bathroom \_enough water supply \_well-lit and ventilated **Child-friendly Space** \_boys and girls below18 years old \_feeding of infant and pre-school children \_neighborhood learning and play therapy **Open Space** \_can be used also as child friendly-space \_warming and exercise area \_can be used to set-up transitional tents or shelters **Women-Friendly Space** \_used for increasing awareness for women \_women issues: well-being/ women's rights/ health and gender/ social \_women's session/ organization **Conjugal Room** \_a private room for married couple \_located in the end part of the evacuation area **Livestock Space** \_near the evac area but located outside \_for domestic animals only **Community Kitchen** \_kitchen utensils \_stove and fuel **Water Facility** \_artesian well \_rain collector well \_level 2 water supply utility \_clean and safe for evacuees **Laundry Space** \_separated from the community kitchen \_sufficient to accommodate the evacuees **Health Service** \_supply of basic drugs and medicines \_health worker/ midwife or community nurse \_supply of hygiene kit \_supply of contraceptives **Storage/ Stockpile Area** \_safe for relief goods \_food items and non-food items \_insect-free **Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)** \_availability of water \_water tap/ handwashing \_bathing/ small item laundry **Security** \_1 police officer \_20 security volunteers (3 shifts) \_with flashlight and two-way radio transceiver **Emergency Responders (SRR)** \_abled body and no health issue \_trained for emergencies \_with flashlight/ 2-way radio/ whistle **Transportation** \_24/7 on-standby for mobilization \_enough fuel \_delivery of goods and transport for evacuees \_alternate emergency vehicle **Post-Disaster/ Event Management** \_clearing and debris management \_shelter assistance/ repair management \_livelihood program/ cash for work \_rehabilitation and recovery plans **Glossary of Terms:** ***Adaptation*** -- the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. ***Capacity*** -- a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster. Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, instructions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and management. Capacity may also be described as capability. ***Civil Society Organization or CSO*** -- non-state actor whose aims are neither to generate profits nor to seek governing power. CSOs unite people to advance shared goals and interests. They have a presence in public life, expressing the interests and values of their members or others, and are based on ethical, cultural, scientific, religious or philanthropic considerations. CSOs include nongovernment organizations (NGOs), professional associations, foundations, independent research institutes, community-based organizations (CBOs), faith-based organizations, people's organization, social movements and labor unions. ***Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management or CBDRRM* --** a process of disaster risk reduction and management in which at risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at the heart of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk reduction and management activities. ***Contingency Planning* *or CP*--** a management process that analyzes specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten the society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations. ***Disaster* --** a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption and environmental degradation. ***Disaster Mitigation* --** the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompasses engineering techniques and hazard resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. ***Disaster Preparedness* --** the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of disaster risk and good linkages with early warning systems, and include such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information, and associated training and field exercises. These must be supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities. ***Disaster Prevention* --** the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. ***Disaster*** ***Response*** -- the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called disaster relief. ***Disaster Risk*** -- the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. ***Disaster Risk Reduction*** -- the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the casual factors of disasters, including through reduce exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and priority, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. ***Disaster Risk Reduction and Management or DRRM*** -- the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping, capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management activities that address and seek to avoid the development of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place. ***Early Warning System*** -- the set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. A people-centered early warning system necessarily comprises four (4) key elements: knowledge of the risks; monitoring, analysis and forecasting of the hazards; communication or dissemination of alerts and warnings; and local capabilities to respond to the warnings received. The expression "end-to-end warning system" is also used to emphasize that warning systems need to span all steps from hazard detection to community response. ***Emergency*** -- unforeseen or sudden occurrence, especially danger, demanding immediate action and response. ***Emergency Management*** -- the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps. ***Exposure*** -- the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes. ***Geographic Information System*** -- a database which contains, among others, geo-hazard assessments, information on climate change, and climate risk reduction and management. ***Hazard*** -- a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause, loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. ***Comprehensive Land Use Planning*** -- the process undertaken by public authorities to identify, evaluate and decide on different options for the use of land, including consideration of long-term economic, social and environmental objectives and the implications for different communities and interest groups, and the subsequent formulation of plans that describe the permitted or acceptable uses. ***Mitigation*** -- structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation, and technological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters. Such measures include, but are not limited to, hazard-resistant construction and engineering works, the formulation and implementation of plans, programs, projects and activities, awareness raising, knowledge management, policies on land-use and resource management, as well as the enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning, building and safety standards, and legislation. ***Post-Disaster Recovery*** -- the restoration and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance with the principles of "build back better." ***Preparedness*** -- pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk analysis as well as pre-disaster activities to avert or minimize loss of life and property such as, but not limited to, community organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, insuring of assets, public information and education initiatives. This also includes the development/ enhancement of an overall preparedness strategy, institutional structure, warning and forecasting capabilities, and plans that define measures geared to help at-risk communities safeguard their lives and assets by being alert to hazards and taking appropriate action in the face of an imminent threat or an actual disaster. ***Private Sector*** -- the key actor in the realm of the economy where the central social concern and process are the mutually beneficial production and distribution of goods and services to meet the physical needs of human beings. The private sector comprises private corporations, households and non-profit institutions serving households. ***Rehabilitation*** -- measures that ensure the ability of affected communities/ areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructures and increasing the communities' organizational capacity. ***Resilience*** -- the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. ***Response*** -- any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public activities and facilities. ***Risk*** -- the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. ***Risk Assessment*** -- a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihood and the environment on which they depend. Risk assessments with associated risk mapping include a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency and probability: the analysis of exposure and vulnerability including the physical, social, health, economic and environmental dimensions and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevailing and alternative coping capacities in respect to likely risk scenarios. ***State of Calamity*** -- a condition involving mass casualty and/ or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihood, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard. ***Vulnerability*** -- the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures and disregard for wise environmental management. **Role of CapSU NSTP Student** **The Establishment of CapSU DRRM** ![](media/image16.png) **The DRRM Legal Basis** **The Sendai Framework 2015-2030** **The Establishment of CapSU DRRM** ![](media/image18.png) **The CapSU DRRM Four General Actions** **The CapSU DRRM Responsibilities** **The Establishment of CapSU DRRM** ![](media/image20.png) **DREAM: Disaster Resilient Empowered Adaptive Mitigation** **The DRRM Four Thematic Areas** **The Establishment of CapSU DRRM** ![](media/image22.png) **The Conceptual Framework 2015-2030** **The Visual Framework Showing DRR and CCA Advocacy** ![D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM 1.jpg](media/image24.jpeg) D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM2.jpg ![D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM3.jpg](media/image26.jpeg) D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM4.jpg ![D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM5.jpg](media/image28.jpeg) D:\\NSTP FILES\\NSTP-CWTS 2020-2021\\NSTP MODULE 2020-2021\\MAIN\\DRRM6.jpg **Let's Do this Activity:** **FAMILY EMERGENCY SURVIVAL PLAN** **[DETERMINE WHAT HAZARDS ARE THE MOST PREVALENT IN YOUR AREA].** While some disasters, such as fire, can happen anywhere, the hazards you might encounter vary widely from place to place. Check with your LDRRMO's to get an idea of what emergencies you should prepare for. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/29/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-1-Version-2.jpg](media/image30.jpeg) Check three (3) possible hazards (Natural or Human-Induced) Typhoon Tornado Earthquake Thunderstorm Waterspout Epidemic/Pandemic Flood Storm Surge Fire/ Hazmat Flashflood Tsunami Bomb Explosion Landslide Volcanic Eruption Drought Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[DISCUSS DISASTER SCENARIOS WITH YOUR FAMILY]**. Make sure everyone knows what to do in all the likely emergency scenarios. It is not enough for one person in the family to know what to do -- everybody should know the plan and should have a part. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c2/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-5-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-5-Version-2.jpg **[WHAT IS YOUR ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY DURING AN EMERGENCY?]** **Identify and fill-in who is in-charge.** Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Food/ Water and Medicines Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Blanket/ Mat/ Mosquito Net Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cooking Gears and Tools Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ AM-FM Radio/ Flashlight/ Whistle Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ID's/ Records and Documents Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[SOURCES OF HAZARD INFORMATION]**. Ensure that your family knows the impending hazard and warning. You should listen to the local radio and TV broadcast for updates. You should inform your family of the preparation against hazard and danger. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/fe/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-23-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-23-Version-2.jpg](media/image32.jpeg) **What are your sources of hazard information?** **Check the boxes.** **AM Radio** **v FM Radio** **Television** **Cell Phone SMS Alert** **Internet (Facebook/ Twitter/ Messenger)** **Public Address System (Recorida)** **Newspaper/ Tabloid/ Magazine** **Electronic Bulletin Board System (EBBS)** **Community Bulletin Board (Poster/ Announcement)** **Community Early Warning System (Flag/ Alarm/ Siren)** **Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[THINGS TO PREPARE]**. Stock your home with emergency supplies. If you really want to prepare your family for a disaster, you should be prepared with several primary items that will increase your chances of safety and survival. Here are some of the items you will need to pack: https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/66/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-26.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-26.jpg **What are the primary items to prepare?** **Check the boxes.** **Water containers to hold 3 to 5 days' worth of water supply** **v A 3 to 5-day supply of non-perishable food** **First-Aid/ Medical Kit** **Battery/ Solar-Powered AM-FM Radio** **v Battery/ Solar-Powered Flashlight** **Whistle and Flares** **Sleeping Mats, Blankets and Mosquito Nets** **Dry Clothes** **v Portable Cooking Gears and Tools** **Soap, Toothpaste, Sanitary and Personal Hygiene Supplies** **Chlorine or Iodine tablets for purifying water** **v Identification Card/ Records and Documents** **Rubber Boots** **Rain Coats** Umbrellas **[PREPARE AN INDIVIDUAL GO BAG KIT.]** Be prepared for emergencies with at least a three-day (72-hour) supply of non-perishable food and potable [water](https://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water), and other things you might need if you have no utilities and no way to purchase supplies. Your Go Bag Kit should include the following ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e6/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-9-Version-2.jpg](media/image34.jpeg) **Basic Emergency Go Bag Kit for Individual Members of the Family** **Check the boxes.** **Whistle** **v Flashlight** **Cell Phone** **Battery/ Powerbank** **Basic Medicine/ Insect Repellant** **Water/ Biscuit/ Chocolate/ Energy Drink** **v Identification Cards/ Documents** **Pen/ Notepad** **v Clothes/ Blanket** **Personal Hygiene Kit** **Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[FIND OUT WHAT YOU SHOULD DO IN CASE A DISASTER STRIKES]**. The LDRRMO's will likely be able to advise you what to do in an emergency. They may be able to provide you with evacuation maps and information about local warning systems and emergency plans. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/33/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-2-Version-2.jpg **What preparations you should make *BEFORE* an emergency?** **Check the boxes.** **Monitor the news and current events on TV, AM-FM radio and Internet.** **v Monitor the Community Safety Advisory from PDRRMO/ CDRRMO/ MDRRMO's.** **Monitor the Early Warning System (Flag/ Whistle/ Siren/ Alarm).** **Inform the family of the impending hazard/ emergency/ disaster.** **Prepare the 72-hour Survival Kit (Food/ Water/ Medicine/ Clothing/ Lighting).** **What actions you should make *DURING* an emergency?** **Check the boxes.** **Secure the integrity of the home.** **v Identify the safe zone and most secured area inside the home.** **Secure the safety and security of every member of the family during emergency.** **Encourage the family members to be calm and avoid panic.** **Watch-out for falling debris/ collapse structure.** **What actions you should make *AFTER* an emergency?** **Check the boxes.** **Account the family members and make sure they are safe and sound.** **v Decide if you will stay or will evacuate to the Designated Evacuation Area.** **If you will stay: Ensure you have enough food, water and other basic necessities.** **If you will evacuate: Lock the home and bring only the necessary survival things.** **Monitor the Safety Advisories issued by authorities.** **[PICK A WAY TO GET IN CONTACT WITH FAMILY MEMBERS]**. There's a chance that all your family members won't be in the same place when disaster strikes. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ab/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-3-Version-2.jpg](media/image36.jpeg) **What are your mode of communication in case of emergency situation?** **Check the boxes.** **Telephone** **v Cellular/ Cell Phone** **CB Two-Way Radio Transceiver** **VHF Two-Way Radio Transceiver** **UHF Two-Way-Radio Transceiver** **HF/ SSB Two-Way Radio Transceiver** **Human Courier** **Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[REUNIFICATION/ RENDEZVOUS POINT]**. Designate a predetermined area/ landmark as your family reunification point in case of emergency/ worst case situation. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/78/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-18-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-18-Version-2.jpg **Where is your family predetermined reunification/ rendezvous point?** **Check the boxes.** **Plaza** **v Church** **Barangay Hall** **Barangay Health Center** **Elementary School** **Secondary School** **Tertiary School** **Public Market** **Terminal** **Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[EVACUATION POINT]**. Identify your designated evacuation area. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/3b/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-11-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-11-Version-2.jpg](media/image38.jpeg) **Where is your designated evacuation area in case of emergency?** **Check the boxes.** ***[Name of Evacuation Area]* *[Contact/ Cell Phone Number]*** **Elementary School \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **v Secondary School \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Tertiary School \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Barangay Hall \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Church \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Relative \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[EVACUATION PHASE]**. Know what to do if you have to evacuate. If you are given an evacuation order, then you should listen and get out of your home as soon as you can. Trust that the authorities know what they\'re doing and that you\'ll be out of harm\'s way once you leave. Your family should know what to do if you have to evacuate because of the impending hazard and should be prepared to act. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c5/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-24.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-24.jpg **What to do during the evacuation phase?** **Check the boxes.** **Take only the most important items with you.** Turn off the electricity. Turn off the gas. Turn off the kitchen fire. Disconnect your appliances. In case of Earthquake: open the doors and windows. In case of Fire: close the doors and windows. Follow the evacuation procedures given to you by the authorities. Continue listening to the AM-FM radio for updates. [ ] Head to safe shelter or evacuation center. **[DESIGNATE A CONTACT PERSON TO CONNECT YOUR FAMILY]**. Designate a friend or relative as a contact person that you, your father, your mother, your brothers and sisters can call if you can't meet up. If possible, choose someone who lives in a distant barangay, town, city or province. During an emergency, the telecommunication tower system is overloaded with local calls and text. Using a long distance call or text mode is an advantage. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/92/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-4-Version-2.jpg](media/image40.jpeg) **Who is your Designated Contact Person?** **Check the boxes.** **Sister \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** Brother \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Aunt \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **v Uncle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Friend \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Guardian \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Teacher \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Official \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Other \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[CONTINGENCY PLAN]**. Provide a Family Contingency Plan for every hazard in your locality. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/6f/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-12-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-12-Version-2.jpg [ ] **HAZARD: [*EARTHQUAKE*] HAZARD: *[TYPHOON]*** **Response: Response:** Stay at home. Stay at home. Proceed to evacuation center. Proceed to evacuation center. Transfer to neighbors house. Transfer to neighbors house. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **HAZARD: *[FLOOD]* HAZARD: *[FIRE]*** **Response: Response:** Stay at home. Stay at home. Proceed to evacuation center. Proceed to evacuation center. Transfer to neighbors house. Transfer to neighbors house. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **HAZARD: *[EPIDEMIC]* HAZARD: *[EXPLOSION]*** **Response: Response:** Stay at home. Stay at home. Proceed to evacuation center. Proceed to evacuation center. Transfer to neighbors house. Transfer to neighbors house. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Things to bring: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[IDENTIFY POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN YOUR HOME]**. Once you\'ve identified potential disaster scenarios, thoroughly inspect your house and try to make it as safe as possible. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ae/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-6-Version-2.jpg](media/image42.jpeg) **What are the potential hazards inside and outside of your home?** **Check the boxes.** **Electrical Fire Hazard Typhoon Earthquake** Gas Hazard Thunderstorm Tsunami Kitchen Fire Hazard Lightning Liquefaction Hazard Material Flood Erosion Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[FIRE HAZARD PREPAREDNESS IN YOUR HOME]**. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/be/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-17-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-17-Version-2.jpg **Fire Hazard** **Check the boxes.** **Fire Extinguisher** **v Gravel and Sand Container** **Water Container** **Fire Suppression Training/ Orientation** **Others \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[HAZARD PREPAREDNESS IN YOUR HOME]** ![](media/image44.png) **Flood/ Flashflood** **Check the boxes.** **Life Vest** **v Life Buoy** **Ropes** **Flood Evacuation Training/ Orientation** **Others \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN YOUR HOME]** https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e3/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-13-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-13-Version-2.jpg **Earthquake Preparedness** **Check the boxes.** **Response Phase: Drop, Cover and Hold** **v Evacuation Phase: Walking faster than normal but not running.** **Headcount Phase: Account all family members if they are present and safe.** **Building Inspection Phase: Ensure if your home is safe for entry after an earthquake.** **Earthquake Evacuation Training/ Orientation** Proof-of-Life: Connecting with your family using the telecommunications system. **[TEACH YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS BASIC LIFE-SAVING TECHNIQUES.]** Everyone should learn basic emergency response. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/86/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-7-Version-2.jpg](media/image46.jpeg) **Basic Life-Saving Techniques** **Check the boxes.** **First-Aid** **v CPR-Basic Life Support** **Electric Power Shutdown** **Gas Leak Shutdown** **Kitchen Fire Suppression** **v Water Shutdown** **Fire Extinguisher** **Hotlines/ Emergency Numbers** **Others: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **[HAVE ENOUGH WATER TO LAST YOU 10 DAYS TO 30 DAYS.]** During an emergency situation, such as an earthquake, your house may lose access to water, and you may not be able to get more water. During a flood, water will be unsanitary and unsafe to drink. You also may not have an access to drinking water. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e2/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-8-Version-2.jpg **Basic Water Security** **Check the boxes.** **One gallon (3.785 liters) per person per day** **v Water for drinking** **Water for food preparation** **Water for washing and sanitation** **Water stored in clean, non-corrosive, tightly sealed containers** **v Water stored in cool, dark place.** **Water not store in direct sunlight.** **Water not store near gasoline and kerosene.** **Water not store near pesticides and hazardous chemicals.** **[HAVE A HOTLINES AND EMERGENCY NUMBERS.]** You should prepare with Emergency Hotlines and use them in the event of an emergency. The Emergency Numbers should be posted near the strategic location of the home that is easy to reach and read. ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d8/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-21-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-21-Version-2.jpg](media/image48.jpeg) **Emergency Hotlines** ***[Responder]* *[Telephone]* *[Cell Phone]* *[VHF Radio]*** **PNP \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** BFP \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ MDRRMO/ RESCUE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HOSPITAL \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ AMBULANCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ CAPELCO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ BDRRMC CHAIR \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ CHIEF TANOD/BPAT\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ CHIEF BHW/BHERT\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[DETERMINATION OF IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE.]** Your local neighbor mutual help. https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/83/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-25.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-25.jpg *CONTACT PERSON* *CELL PHONE* [ ] In case of Fire: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ In case of Typhoon: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ In case of Earthquake: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ In case of Medical Emergency:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ In case of Peace and Order \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[SKETCH OF YOUR HOME LOCATION.]** ![https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/da/Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-22-Version-2.jpg/aid182478-v4-900px-Make-a-Disaster-Plan-for-Your-Family-Step-22-Version-2.jpg](media/image50.jpeg) **THIS IS THE SKETCH OF OUR HOME LOCATION.** **House Number: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Subdivision: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Street: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Barangay: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Municipality: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **City: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Province: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Contact Number: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** Note: Drawing/ Diagram Not to Scale. **INFORMATION SHEET.** Name of Student: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Course: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Year and Section: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Home Address: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ City Address: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cell Phone Number: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **LIST OF IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS.** Name Age Relation \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Prepared by: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name of Student and Signature Date Accomplished Noted by: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name/ Signature of Course Facilitator Date Submitted Checked by: Approved by: **BEN FRANCIS A. OSIAS, MAT ELMER M. ALBALADEJO, EdD** Coordinator, NSTP Director, NSTP **[GUIDELINES ON WHAT TO DO]** NAME OF PROJECT: FAMILY EMERGENCY SURVIVAL PLAN DURATION OF PROJECT: School Year 2020-2021 AGREEMENT: An individual project/ output to be submitted by the students before the end of 1st Semester, SY 2020-2021 as a major requirement in NSTP 111. CONDITIONS: a. Conduct a briefing to all Facilitators about the Project. (NSTP Faculty Meeting) b. Provide each student with a Template. (USB and hard copy) c. Long Folder, Color Green with Green Fastener on top d. Long Bond, Long Size (13") e. PRINT all entries f. No Erasures g. Make 2 Sets (1 for DRRM File/ 1 for Student) h. Advise the student to VISIT their local Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC), Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) and City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO). i. Advise the student to COORDINATE with their Barangay Chairman and other Focal Persons on safety management in their locality to fill the names, emergency numbers and other pertinent information. j. Inform the students that all information and data will be taken with outmost secrecy and confidentiality by the DRRM and NSTP Office.

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