Physical and Chemical Properties PDF

Identify whether the following is an element, a compound, or a mixture. If it is a mixture, classify it further as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. 1.Brass 6.Air 2.Calcium 7.Vinegar carbonate 8.Fruit jams 3.Rubbing alc...

Identify whether the following is an element, a compound, or a mixture. If it is a mixture, classify it further as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. 1.Brass 6.Air 2.Calcium 7.Vinegar carbonate 8.Fruit jams 3.Rubbing alcohol 9.Methane 4.Sulfur 10.Baking 5.Sugar soda How can we say that one substance is different from another?  Properties are the qualities and characteristics of a substance that describe and identify it.  Physical Properties are measurable and observable. Intensive/Intrinsic Extensive/Extrinsic Do not depend on the Depends on the amount amount of matter of matter present. present.  Intensive/Intrinsic Color Intensive/Intrinsic Shape  boiling solubil melting ity point es s point hardn length volume area mass viscosi luster taste ty malleability hei g h t le n e s s ductil br itt it y t iv i t y odo r on du c c width textur density e  Physical Properties are measurable and observable. Intensive/Intrinsic Extensive/Extrinsic Do not depend on the amount of Depends on the amount of matter present. matter present. color, boiling point, melting shape, mass, volume, point, solubility, length, area, height, and conductivity, malleability, width ductility, luster, viscosity, hardness, texture, taste, odor, brittleness, and  Color - the visual Boiling Point - the perception of light temperature at which a reflected from a liquid boils and turns substance. into a gas at a given pressure. Melting Point - the Solubility - the ability temperature at of a substance to which a solid melts dissolve in a solvent. and turns into a liquid.  Conductivity - the ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. Malleability - the ability of a substance to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking. Ductility - the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire without breaking. Luster - the shine or reflection of light from a substance's surface.  Hardness - the Viscosity - the Texture - the feel of a resistance of a resistance of a fluid to substance. substance to flow. scratching or indentation. Taste - the sensation Odor - the smell of a perceived by the taste substance. buds when a substance is  Brittleness - the tendency of a substance to break or fracture easily. Density - the mass of a substance per unit volume.  Chemical Properties are the abilities to react with other substances. Flammability Reactivity Toxicity Corrosiveness  Flammability Reactivity Toxicity Corrosiveness is the tendency of is the ability of a is the ability of a s the ability of a a substance to substance to substance to substance to undergo a cause damage to burn or ignite in harm or kill living chemical reaction organisms. materials, often the presence of with other through chemical oxygen. substances. reactions. Physical and Chemical Change  Physical Change is a type of change where the physical properties of matter change without changing its chemical composition.  Chemical Change a type of change where the chemical composition of a substance changes, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Indication of a Chemical Change Formation of New Substances Energy Change Irreversibility Gas Production Color Change Separating Mixtures RESIDUE Filtration Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids. Residue is the substance which remains in the strainer. Filtrate is the liquid that passes through the strainer. FILTRATE Evaporati on Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state  Sedimentation and Decantati on e p ro ce ss by w hich in s o lu b le Sedimentation is th a li q uid a re allo w e d to s e ttle heavy particles in down. ro ce s s b y w h ich s e d im e n te d Decantation is the p b y p o u rin g it in th e o th e r liquid is separated container. Chrom a t o g r a p h separatedy Chromatography is a method by which a mixture is by distributing its components between two phases. The stationary phase r emains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the comp onents of the mixture through the medium being used. Distillation Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points.  Using a m a gn et / Magnetic S ep a ra ti on Using a magnet / Magnetic Separation is the process of separating elemental metals from other particles in a mixture.