Module 1 Study Guide PDF F23

Study Guide Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The standard error tells 1) A) how often the exa...

Study Guide Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The standard error tells 1) A) how often the examiner made an error. B) how often the experimental variable was tested. C) how uncertain a particular value is. D) the relationship between the control and test groups. E) whether or not the research has been published in a scientific journal. 2) In conducting a review of the literature on the Internet, which of the following sources 2) would be the least reliable? A) The Pasteur Institute B) The National Institute of Health C) Astrology and Medicine D) The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation E) The Centers of Disease Control 3) Which of the following is an example of correlation without causation? 3) A) Parents have children. B) Helicobacter pylori can cause ulcers. C) HPV can cause cervical cancer. D) Illegal drug use causes an increase in crime. E) People who commit crimes also consume bread. 4) The tentative explanation to be tested is called 4) A) the data. B) a theory. C) a hypothesis. D) a hunch. E) the conclusion. 5) The scientific study of life is called 5) A) anatomy. B) ecology. C) biochemistry. D) biology. E) limnology. 1 6) Fish have scales that enable them to live in a water environment. This is an example of 6) A) metabolism. B) development. C) homeostasis. D) cellular organization. E) adaptation. 7) One of the difficulties with publication of research in scientific journals is that it 7) A) displays bias. B) is designed to convince readers to purchase a product. C) is often out of context or misunderstood. D) is technical and may be difficult for a layperson to read. E) is unverified and usually not referenced. 8) Which study could be rejected on the grounds of testimonial data? 8) A) A study about the impact zebra mussels have upon the Great Lakes. B) A study about the effectiveness of antacids in a study group of of 200 people who suffer from ulcers. C) A study about the effects of herbicide on Japanese beetles was conducted in the laboratory using a sample size of 20 beetles. D) A study about the effects of herbicide on Japanese beetles was conducted in Illinois using a 20 acre field as a study site. E) A study consisting of 200 test subjects who are interested in a new weight loss pill. 9) After studying biology, it is hoped that you 9) A) will understand all there is to know about humans and biology. B) will become an animal rights activist. C) will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth's. D) will dislike anything to do with biology. E) will get a high paying job as a biologist. 10) Humans clear forests to grow crops, and they build houses and cities. What are these an 10) example of? A) the high value humans place on biodiversity B) how humans preserve ecosystems C) how humans do not need the rest of life on Earth D) how humans modify the biosphere E) the positive impact of humans on life on Earth 2 11) Choose the CORRECT order (1-5) of increasing complexity/organization. 11) A) (1) tissues, (2) organs, (3) organ systems, (4) cells, (5) organism B) (1) cells, (2) organ systems, (3) tissues, (4) organs, (5) organism C) (1) organism, (2) organ systems, (3) organs, (4) tissues, (5) cells D) (1) cells, (2) tissues, (3) organs, (4) organ systems, (5) organism E) (1) tissues, (2) organ systems, (3) cells, (4) organs, (5) organism 12) In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an 12) A) ecosystem. B) population. C) community. D) biosphere. E) organism. 13) In an experiment designed to test the effect of temperature on goldfish respiration, the 13) temperatures that were changed represent what type of variable? A) correlative B) experimental C) placebo D) control E) responding 14) The cause of stomach ulcers appears to be 14) A) diets rich in meat products. B) the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. C) drinking too much coffee. D) excess stomach acid. E) extreme stress. 15) All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, 15) adolescence, and adulthood are called A) metabolism. B) development. C) homeostasis. D) reproduction. E) evolution. 16) The cell you are examining under the microscope appears to contain a nucleus. This 16) organism belongs to the domain A) Archaea. B) Fungi. C) Bacteria. D) Animalia. E) Eukarya. 3 17) Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis? 17) A) Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment. B) Human beings and other animals acquire materials and energy when they eat food. C) It takes energy to maintain the organization of the cell. D) All living organisms are alike. E) Living organisms do not change much over time. 18) Which organisms are most closely related to humans? 18) A) spiders B) meerkats C) earthworms D) snakes E) parakeets 19) The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. This is an 19) example of A) development. B) homeostasis. C) response to stimuli. D) metabolism. E) reproduction. 20) Which of the following statements explains the atomic bomb and the benefit of nuclear 20) physics to cancer therapy? A) Science and technology are wrong. B) Science and technology always provide value to people. C) Science and technology are value-neutral. D) Science and technology are not risk free. E) Science and technology are good for mankind. 21) Theinformation collected during the experiment or observation is called 21) A) a theory. B) the conclusion. C) a hunch. D) the data. E) the hypothesis. 22) What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences? 22) A) Taxonomy B) Evolution C) Technology D) Biochemistry E) Anatomy 4 23) Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology? 23) A) Theory of evolution B) Theory of gravity C) Theory of ecosystems D) Cell theory E) Gene theory 24) A controlled study when neither the patient nor the examiner is aware of whether the 24) patient is receiving a treatment, is called a/an A) statistical study. B) adaptive study. C) blind study. D) variable study. E) double-blind study. 25) The region in which populations interact with each other and with the physical 25) environment is called A) an ecosystem. B) an entity. C) a community. D) a biosphere. E) a biosystem. 26) The Domain Eukarya contain(s) ________ kingdom(s). 26) A) three B) one C) five D) two E) four 27) Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life? 27) A) instructional B) communicative C) biological D) chemical E) cultural 28) In a graph, the experimental variable is plotted on the 28) A) y axis. B) x and z axis. C) x axis. D) z axis. E) x and y axis. 5 29) Choose the following interest group that should be held most responsible for the future 29) roles of new scientific technologies. A) Clergy B) Educators C) Everyone D) Scientists E) Politicians 30) Scientists who have a financial stake in a company are now required to state that when 30) they do research. This is an example of A) a new business model. B) statistical significance. C) ethics in science. D) a biotechnology revolution. E) financial planning. 31) Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things? 31) A) Living things acquire materials and energy. B) Living things reproduce. C) Living things are organized. D) Living things contain a nucleus and organelles. E) Living things grow and develop. 32) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis? 32) A) If a student buys a meal plan he/she will eat more vegetables. B) Ginny gained 5 lbs her freshman year. C) I like my biology class better than my other classes. D) There are more calories in french fries than in colas. E) Blake failed the test. 33) A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an 33) A) tissue. B) community. C) organism. D) species. E) population. 6 34) Which of the following statements would be considered anecdotal data? 34) A) The South Beach diet helped 27 people lose between 22 and 32 pounds over the course of 12 weeks. B) Participants who stayed on the South Beach Diet for a total of 12 weeks lost an average of 22 pounds. C) Out of a study of 23 individuals, 12 participants lost between 15 and 22 pounds on the Atkins diet. D) "I lost 21 lbs on the Atkins diet." E) The average weight loss for participants in the Atkins diet was 15 pounds in 8 weeks. 35) Four million years ago, horses were rather small compared to today's horses and had 35) relatively stocky bodies with a straight shoulder and thick neck. This statement is an example of which biological concept? A) evolution B) metabolism C) reproduction D) homeostasis E) development 36) ________ observations are supported by factual information while ________ 36) observations involve personal judgment. A) Subjective/analytical B) Subjective/theoretical C) Objective/hypothetical D) Objective/subjective E) Objective/analytical 37) All of the ecosystems on the planet together are called the 37) A) hydrosphere. B) atmosphere. C) lithosphere. D) stratosphere. E) biosphere. 38) Which of the following statements is an objective observation? 38) A) I think I am going to be sick. B) This milk tastes funny. C) This mattress feels hard to me. D) I like this picture. E) This package is larger than that one. 7 39) Theprocess of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called 39) A) evolution. B) homeostasis. C) molecular diversification. D) levels of organization. E) biological classification. 40) Viruses are not considered alive. Which of the following characteristics of living things 40) do they lack? A) Living things have an evolutionary history. B) Living things respond to stimuli. C) Living things reproduce. D) Living things grow and develop. E) Living things acquire energy. 41) Where on the graph can you find the information that the graph pertains to? 41) A) The top of each bar in a bar graph. B) The dot points that are connected by the lines of the graph. C) The y & z axis. D) The x & y axis E) The x & z axis. 42) Thedevelopment of resistance of MRSA bacteria to antibiotics is an example of 42) A) evolution. B) metabolism. C) organization. D) homeostasis. E) reproduction. 43) Which of the following URLs would you perhaps distrust in writing a scientific paper? 43) A).edu B).gov C).com D).org E) Both.edu and.gov 44) Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA? 44) A) adenine B) cytosine C) thymine D) uracil E) guanine 8 45) How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike? 45) A) They do not dissolve in water. B) They all contain at least one carbon ring. C) They are all solid at room temperature. D) They each contain only 1 fatty acid. E) They each contain a polar phosphate group. 46) A fat contains how many fatty acids? 46) A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 47) Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires 47) a process called A) emulsification. B) a dehydration reaction. C) monomerization. D) a hydrolysis reaction. E) disassembly. 48) A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called 48) A) an ion. B) an atomic unit. C) a molecule. D) an isotope. E) a compound. 49) Which polysaccharide is consumed as a source of fiber? 49) A) glucose B) cellulose C) chitin D) starch E) glycogen 50) William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of 50) which property of water? A) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. B) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. C) Water has a high heat of vaporization. D) Water is a solvent. E) Water molecules are cohesive. 51) What substance is used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues? 51) A) mixture A B) A tracer C) A colloid D) A sensor E) An emulsion 9 52) What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage? 52) A) Glycogen B) Cellulose C) Glucose D) Starch E) Maltose 53) Which polysacccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals? 53) A) starch B) chitin C) glucose D) cellulose E) glycogen 54) Themembranes of cells are composed of 54) A) triglycerides. B) oils. C) phospholipids. D) steroids. E) fats. 55) Themonomer unit of a protein is 55) A) nucleic acids. B) monosaccharides. C) polysaccharides. D) fatty acids. E) amino acids. 56) Ca3 (PO4 )2 represents a/an 56) A) mixture. B) element. C) atom. D) compound. E) isotope. 57) On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise the water 57) was really cold. Which property of water did she discover? A) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. B) Water molecules are cohesive. C) Water possesses hydrogen bonds. D) Water is a polar molecule. E) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. 58) Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds? 58) A) covalent B) colloidal C) hydrogen D) neutral E) ionic 59) Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber? 59) A) bran cereal B) whole wheat bread C) peanuts D) peaches E) All of these are good sources of fiber. 10 60) Which type of bond is responsible for holding two water molecules together creating the 60) properties of water? A) double covalent B) hydrogen C) covalent D) polar E) ionic 61) Which grouping of elements is found in carbohydrates? 61) A) Ca - H - O B) C - H - P C) C - H - O D) H - O - Cl E) N - S - O 62) A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of 62) A) 7. B) 11. C) 3. D) 5. E) 9. 63) How many elements occur naturally? 63) A) 6 B) 112 C) 32 D) 92 E) 64 64) Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of 64) A) neutrons. B) both protons and electrons. C) neutrinos. D) electrons. E) protons. 65) Carbondating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is 65) based upon the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from the periodic table, how many neutrons does C14 have? A) 2 B) 12 C) 4 D) 14 E) 8 66) The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of 66) that element is called A) an atom. B) a nucleus. C) a molecular bond. D) an isotope. E) a neutrino. 11 67) ATPcarries energy in the form of high-energy 67) A) hydrogen bonds B) lipid bonds. C) phosphate bonds. D) carbohydrate bonds. E) peptide bonds. 68) When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction, 68) A) a peptide bond is formed. B) the carboxyl group of each join together. C) the amino group of each join together. D) the R groups are lost. E) water is added to begin the reaction. 69) Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? 69) A) galactose B) fructose C) glucose D) maltose E) None of these are monosaccharides. 70) Why does a protein not function after it has been denatured? 70) A) The R groups form additional bonds causing the structure to become more compact. B) The normal bonding between the beta sheets has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. C) The normal peptide bonds are ruptured and the individual amino acids are not held together any more. D) The normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. E) The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. 71) When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs? 71) A) oxygen is added B) oxygen is removed C) a phosphate bond is added D) an adenine is added E) a phosphate bond is broken 12 72) Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that 72) A) they have the same types of bonds between the monomer units. B) they contain the same number of side chains. C) they can all be digested by our bodies. D) they are all made of glucose. E) they are all found in animals. 73) What makes each amino acid unique? 73) A) the R group B) the carboxyl group C) the carbon ring D) the central carbon E) the amino group 74) The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids? 74) A) triglycerides B) oils C) fats D) steroids E) phospholipids 75) Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide? 75) A) a pentose B) an R group C) 5 ring sugar D) phosphate E) nitrogenous base 76) In an acidic solution 76) A) the number of H+ is 3 times less than the number of OH-. B) the number of H+ is 10 times less than the number of OH-. C) the number of H+ is less than the number of OH-. D) the number of H+ is equal to the number of OH-. E) the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-. 77) CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond? 77) A) hydrogen B) covalent C) polar D) non-polar E) ionic 13 78) Which level of protein structure is characterized by alpha and beta sheets in which 78) hydrogen bonding holds the shape in place? A) pentagonal structure B) primary structure C) secondary structure D) tertiary structure E) quaternary structure 79) A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered 79) A) unsaturated. B) saturated. C) a steroid. D) a cholestrol. E) trans unsaturated. 80) A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What 80) percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal? A) 58% B) 21% C) 42% D) 67% E) 29% 81) What is the symbol for sodium? 81) A) S B) So C) Dm D) Na E) N 82) Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the 82) Titanic? A) Water has a high heat of vaporization. B) Water is liquid at room temperature. C) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. D) Water molecules are cohesive. E) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. 83) Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen? 83) A) citric acid cycle B) electron transport chain C) glycolysis D) acetyl CoA conversion E) None of these require oxygen. 84) The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because 84) A) cells need to dissipate heat effectively. B) cells influence nearby cells to divide. C) the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange. D) cells need to communicate with adjacent cells. E) mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size. 14 85) Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or 85) pseudopods. This process is known as A) osmosis. B) phagocytosis. C) pinocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) facilitated transport. 86) Which protein filaments are bundled together to form cilia? 86) A) intermediate filaments B) microtubules C) actin filaments D) centrosomes E) None of these. 87) During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to 87) die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is ________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells. A) oligotonic B) mesotonic C) isotonic D) hypertonic E) hypotonic 88) Asolution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the 88) cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium? A) 50 B) 0 C) 75 D) 100 E) 25 89) Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline 89) is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood? A) hypertonic B) osmotonic C) isotonic D) hypotonic E) pretonic 15 90) What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important 90) in packaging and secretion? A) vacuoles B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) endoplasmic reticulum E) Golgi apparatus 91) Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood 91) cells? A) The cellular metabolism increased in rate. B) The cells shrunk. C) The cells divided into 2 identical cells. D) The cells did not change. E) The cells burst. 92) The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of 92) energy is known as what? A) osmosis B) diffusion C) facilitated transport D) crenation E) active transport 93) What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object? 93) A) compound light microscope B) ultraviolet microscope C) scanning electron microscope D) phase contrast microscope E) transmission electron microscope 94) What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal 94) RNA called? A) nuclear envelope B) endoplasmic reticulum C) nucleolus D) nucleoplasm E) nucleus 16  95) ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things. 95) A) Coelom B) Cristae C) Compartments D) Chromosomes E) Cells 96) If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the 96) mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle? A) vacuole B) cristae C) matrix D) grana E) the outer mitochondrial membrane 97) Virusesare not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what? 97) A) Cells come only from pre-existing cells. B) Viruses are not living. C) Viruses can cause disease. D) Cells and viruses are the same thing. E) Cells can be infected by viruses. 98) Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and 98) outside the cell. A) In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell. B) In a hypotonic solution, there is more water inside the cell. C) In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal. D) In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell. E) In a hypertonic solution, there is more water outside the cell. 99) What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? 99) A) cell marker B) enzyme C) receptor D) support E) channel 100) Themovement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called 100) A) denaturation. B) dispersion. C) osmosis. D) reconstitution. E) dissociation. 17 101) Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton? 101) A) actin filaments B) microtubules C) centrosome D) microbodies E) intermediate filaments 102) What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell? 102) A) to synthesize DNA B) to breakdown proteins into individual amino acids C) to synthesize proteins D) to form the nuclear envelope E) to provide strength and structural support for the cell membrane 103) Inthe fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are 103) oriented so that the ________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane. A) heterotrophic, autotrophic B) hydrophobic, hydrophilic C) ectothermic, endothermic D) hydrophilic, hydrophobic E) autotrophic, heterotrophic 104) What components make up the ribosomes? 104) A) proteins and sequence B) lipids and rRNA C) proteins and DNA D) proteins and rRNA E) carbohydrates and rRNA 105) The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its 105) A) extracellular matrix. B) nuclear size. C) surface area-to-volume ratio. D) function. E) genome size. 106) Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? 106) A) marks the cell as belonging to a particular individual B) determines which substances enter and leave the cell C) contains the genetic information D) serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment E) contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment 18 107) What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called? 107) A) cristae B) matrix C) rugae D) villi E) lumen 108) What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells? 108) A) Golgi apparati B) nuclei C) lysosomes D) ribosomes E) nucleoli 109) Thereason water is polar is because 109) A) the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom. B) in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly. C) there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen. D) hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water. E) hydrophilic molecules interact with water. 110) Which of the following is not a function of proteins? 110) A) transport B) quick energy C) motion D) enzymes E) support 111) Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in 111) cells? A) nucleic acids B) vitamins C) carbohydrates D) proteins E) lipids 112) Thesides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are 112) A) the nitrogenous bases. B) alternating carbons and nitrogens. C) sugars and phosphates. D) the R groups. E) alternating nitrogens and phosphates. 19 113) In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number 113) A) of neutrons and protons. B) of neutrinos. C) of electrons. D) of quarks. E) of neutrons. 114) Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table? 114) A) They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital. B) They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei. C) They both have the same atomic mass. D) They both have a full outermost orbital. E) They both have the same atomic number. 115) If a person is looking to eat a breakfast that will help supply them with energy for the 115) entire course of the day, which of the following foods would they want to include? A) cup of coffee and a donut B) bacon, eggs, and toast C) pancakes with maple syrup D) bowl of grapes and a glass of milk E) All of these choices would provide the same potential for all day energy. 116) Hydrogen bonds 116) A) are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily. B) result from the loss of neutrons by an atom. C) involve the loss and gain of electrons. D) involve the sharing of electrons. E) result in the formation of salts. 117) Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have? 117) A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 13 E) 9 118) Which of the following elements will have more than 2 electrons and have a full outer 118) orbital? A) N B) C C) Ne D) He E) O 119) Which polysaccharide is branched the most? 119) A) fructose B) glucose C) cellulose D) starch E) glycogen 20 120) Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called 120) A) disaccharides. B) trisaccharides. C) steroids. D) polysaccharides. E) monosaccharides. 121) Theatomic number of an atom is determined by the number of 121) A) electrons. B) neutrons. C) protons and electrons. D) protons. E) protons and neutrons. 122) Analpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure? 122) A) quaternary B) primary C) octagon D) secondary E) tertiary 123) Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane? 123) A) induced-fit model B) plasmagel-plasmasol model C) fluid-mosaic model D) endosymbiont model E) lock and key model 124) Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment 124) should she use? A) compound light microscope B) her naked eye C) transmission electron microscope D) scanning electron microscope E) magnifying glass 125) Thephospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a 125) A) plasma membrane. B) mosaic membrane. C) Sanger enclosure. D) hydrophobic membrane. E) dialysis membrane. 21 126) Ina metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X. Y is 126) further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five 127) Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective 127) permeability? A) large, nonpolar molecules B) gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide C) ions D) glycoproteins E) large, polar molecules 128) In developing embryos such as a chicken, what restores the amount of surface area 128) needed for exchange requirements? A) assimilation B) catabolism C) anabolism D) cell division E) respiration 129) Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of 129) the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then A) vesicles must travel from the RER and SER to the Golgi apparatus. B) vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface. C) the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs. D) the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system. E) the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins. 130) Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years 130) old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong to? A) Protoctista B) Archaea C) Archetista D) Eukarya E) Protists 22 131) If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to 131) A) synthesize proteins. B) break down fats. C) respire oxidatively. D) produce ATP. E) form a spindle apparatus. 132) If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle? 132) A) It would cycle faster because the lack of phosphate would drive the cycle. B) It would not affect the ATP cycle. C) It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP. D) It would cycle faster because of the buildup of ATP. E) It would stop when all the ADP had been converted into ATP. 133) A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called 133) A) a glycolipid. B) a glycocalyx. C) a protosugar. D) a glycoprotein. E) a protomembrane. 134) Inan experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is injected into one cell. 134) Within minutes, the molecule has entered the adjacent cells. What type of junctions connect these cells? A) tight junctions B) actin junctions C) gap junctions D) free junctions E) adhesion junctions 135) All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT 135) A) incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts. B) incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria. C) invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum. D) groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism. E) a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed. 23 136) Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton? 136) A) maintain a cell's shape B) process proteins C) anchor organelles D) move the entire cell E) move organelles 137) Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely 137) thin in size? A) microtubules B) centrosome C) actin filaments D) intermediate filaments E) cilia 138) How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope? 138) A) larger than a ribosome B) smaller than a ribosome C) smaller than a protein D) larger than the endoplasmic reticulum E) larger than the Golgi apparatus 139) Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life? 139) A) It does not require oxygen. B) It splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules. C) It produces energy. D) It breaks down sugar. E) It is present in most every type of cell. 140) Theplasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids? 140) A) two B) sixteen C) four D) eight E) one 141) Which organelle can be likened to a post office? 141) A) endoplasmic reticulum B) nucleolus C) mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus E) nucleus 24 142) Thelight microscope has a resolving power of 142) A) 0.000001 mm. B) 0.0001 mm. C) 0.01 mm. D) 0.00000001 mm. E) 0.1 mm. 143) Thesum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called 143) A) photosynthesis. B) reaction summary. C) metabolism. D) respiration. E) anabolism. 144) What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration? 144) A) 32 B) 2 C) 4 D) 38 E) 36 145) Centrosomes are associated with 145) A) mitochondria. B) lysosomes. C) microtubules. D) ribosomes. E) chromosomes. 146) Which of the following does not utilize active transport? 146) A) water homeostasis in the kidneys B) absorbing sugar in the gut C) concentrating iodine ions in the thyroid gland D) movement of sodium and potassium in nerve cells E) movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood 147) Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was 147) not possible? A) Walther Flemming B) Georges Cuvier C) Louis Pasteur D) John Ray E) Charles Darwin 25 148) Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move? 148) A) lining of the respiratory tract B) lining of the uterine tubes C) sperm D) eggs E) lining of the urinary system 149) Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning 149) cilia? A) urinary infections B) recurrent respiratory infections C) muscle paralysis D) heart attack E) brittle bones 150) Thegel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the 150) A) matrix. B) rugae. C) villi. D) effluvium. E) cristae. 151) Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? 151) A) nucleus B) plasma membrane C) mitochondria D) endoplasmic reticulum E) Golgi body 152) Thegrainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of 152) A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes. C) phospholipids. D) DNA and proteins. E) nucleoplasm. 153) Which type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier? 153) A) channel junctions B) tight junctions C) adhesion junctions D) free junctions E) gap junctions 26 154) Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do 154) this? A) Use a compound light microscope. B) Use a scanning electron microscope. C) Use a transmission electron microscope. D) Use a magnifying glass. E) Use his eyes. 155) If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell? 155) A) 18nm2 , 6nm3 B) 54nm2 , 27nm3 C) 64nm2 , 24nm3 D) 24nm2 , 8nm3 E) 38nm2 , 16nm3 156) The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice the players 156) complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a ________ build up in their muscles. A) carbon dioxide B) carbon monoxide C) glucose D) lactate E) alcohol 157) Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the 157) opposite direction of the others? A) phagocytosis B) exocytosis C) endocytosis D) pinocytosis E) receptor-mediated endocytosis 158) What do the SER and RER have in common? 158) A) the processing and modification of proteins B) the synthesis of proteins C) the synthesis of phospholipids D) the formation of transport vesicles E) the presence of ribosomes 27 159) What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell? 159) A) mitochondrion B) cytoskeleton C) cytoplasm D) organelle E) nucleolus 160) What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope? 160) A) micrograph B) chromatograph C) thermograph D) negative E) dermatome 28 Answer Key Testname: MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 1) C 2) C 3) E 4) C 5) D 6) E 7) D 8) C 9) C 10) D 11) D 12) B 13) B 14) B 15) B 16) E 17) A 18) B 19) C 20) D 21) D 22) B 23) B 24) E 25) A 26) E 27) E 28) C 29) C 30) C 31) D 32) A 33) C 34) D 35) A 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) A 40) D 41) D 42) A 43) C 44) D 45) A 46) C 47) B 48) C 49) B 50) E 29 Answer Key Testname: MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 51) B 52) B 53) E 54) C 55) E 56) D 57) A 58) A 59) E 60) B 61) C 62) D 63) D 64) A 65) E 66) A 67) C 68) A 69) D 70) E 71) E 72) D 73) A 74) D 75) B 76) E 77) E 78) C 79) B 80) B 81) D 82) E 83) C 84) C 85) B 86) B 87) D 88) A 89) C 90) E 91) E 92) C 93) C 94) C 95) E 96) E 97) B 98) C 99) D 100) C 30 Answer Key Testname: MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 101) D 102) C 103) D 104) D 105) C 106) C 107) A 108) C 109) A 110) B 111) B 112) C 113) C 114) D 115) C 116) A 117) A 118) C 119) E 120) E 121) D 122) D 123) C 124) A 125) A 126) B 127) B 128) D 129) B 130) B 131) A 132) C 133) D 134) C 135) D 136) B 137) C 138) A 139) E 140) A 141) D 142) B 143) C 144) D 145) C 146) E 147) C 148) C 149) B 150) A 31 Answer Key Testname: MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 151) B 152) D 153) B 154) E 155) B 156) D 157) B 158) D 159) C 160) A 32