Biology Exam 1 Review PDF

Which of the following is an example of an organ system? Answers: stomach connective human being digestive Question 2 Which hierarchical level is represented by label A? Answers: cell molecule atom tissue Question 3 Think about this analogy: If your classroom represents a population, t...

Which of the following is an example of an organ system? Answers: stomach connective human being digestive Question 2 Which hierarchical level is represented by label A? Answers: cell molecule atom tissue Question 3 Think about this analogy: If your classroom represents a population, then what does each individual student represent? Answers: Tissue Organism Community Cell Question 4 Which step in the scientific method is represented by label D? Answers: Collect and analyze results Conclusion Design and conduct an experiment None of these are correct Question 5 Why are viruses considered not to be alive? Answers: They do not respond to stimuli They cannot reproduce on their own They do not contain protein They are too small Question 6 Which of the following is a type of tissue? Answers: Connective Collagen fibers Respiratory Skeletal Question 7 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is the smallest unit of life? Answers: organism organ system organ cell Question 8 10 out of 10 points What do steps D and then B suggest about the experiment’s results and its hypothesis? Answers: The hypothesis was supported. The hypothesis was not supported. The hypothesis was supported but more experiments need to be done to prove it true. These results have no bearing on the hypothesis. Question 9 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is a characteristic of living things? Answers: High degree of organization. Presence of blood Composed of chemicals. Part of the Animal kingdom. Question 10 10 out of 10 points What is meant by the term homeostasis? Answers: It is the taxonomic term for human beings. It is a characteristic of livings things that means they can reproduce the same organism. It means that humans are constantly changing. It is the ability of an organism to monitor conditions and maintain them. Question 11 10 out of 10 points Which of the materials best represents the presence of life? Answers: Carbon Water DNA Oxygen Question 12 10 out of 10 points Which is the most common form of feedback control in humans? Answers: Control center feedback Positive feedback Negative feedback Effector feedback Which of the following is an element? Answers: Proteins Lipids H2O Carbon Question 2 10 out of 10 points Which description of Ca2+ is most accurate? Answers: A positive ion that has lost 2 electrons. A positive ion that has gained 2 protons. An isotope with 2 extra neutrons. An atom that has gained 2 electrons. Question 3 10 out of 10 points A change in which ion concentration would severely affect heart rate and the nervous system? Answers: Bicarbonate Sodium Potassium Chloride Question 4 10 out of 10 points The atomic number equals: Answers: the number of electrons the number of protons the mass of the protons the number of neutrons Question 5 10 out of 10 points The atomic mass is calculated by: Answers: adding the mass of the neutrons and protons. subtracting the mass of electrons from the mass of the protons. weighing individual atoms on microscales. multiplying the mass of neutrons by the mass of the protons. Question 6 10 out of 10 points What is the difference between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14? Answers: Carbon-14 is older. Carbon-14 has more neutrons. Carbon-14 has more protons. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 14 years. Question 7 10 out of 10 points Which collection of elements are the most common in living organisms? Answers: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon Carbon, hydrogen, neon, and nitrogen Oxygen, hydrogen, neon, and sulfur Question 8 10 out of 10 points Which element is the most common in humans? Answers: Chloride Phosphorus Hydrogen Sulfur Question 9 10 out of 10 points Which bond is the weakest? Answers: Peptide Ionic Covalent Hydrogen Question 10 10 out of 10 points Select the most accurate description of an atom. Answers: A nucleus of neutrons orbited by protons. A nucleus of neutrons and protons orbited by electrons. A nucleus of electrons orbited by neutrons and protons. Protons orbiting around electrons. Question 11 10 out of 10 points Which of the following have approximately the same mass? Answers: Protons and proteins Neutrons and nuclei Protons and neutrons Protons and electrons Question 12 10 out of 10 points How can one tell how many electrons are in the outer energy level of an element? Answers: Atomic mass Atomic number Roman numeral above each column in the periodic table Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass Question 1 10 out of 10 points When glucose is moved into cells from a high concentration to a low concentration using transport proteins, it is referred to as: Answers: osmosis diffusion facilitated diffusion filtration Question 2 10 out of 10 points In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle responsible for ATP production is labeled as Answers: A B C D Question 3 10 out of 10 points In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle that determines the overall structure of animal cells is labeled as: Answers: A C D E Question 4 10 out of 10 points Lipid-soluble materials enter and exit the cell via: Answers: osmosis across a carrier protein. diffusion across the cell membrane. diffusion through a transport protein. active transport. Question 5 10 out of 10 points In the diagram of the cell shown here, what is the function of the structure labeled B? Answers: digestion support DNA isolation protein production Question 6 10 out of 10 points In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones is labeled as: Answers: A C E B Question 7 10 out of 10 points The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: Answers: All living things are composed of cells. Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. Cells share similar chemical composition. Cells are made up of similar shapes and sizes. Question 8 10 out of 10 points The statement that “all cells arise from preexisting cells” is one of the tenets of the: Answers: cell doctrine. cell hypothesis. cell theory. cell dogma. Question 9 10 out of 10 points In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle that houses DNA is labeled as: Answers: A B C D Question 10 10 out of 10 points The cell membrane is composed of two layers of: Answers: proteins with interspersed lipids. hydrophilic lipids, proteins and sugars. phospholipids, with proteins and sugars interspersed. glycoproteins and glycolipids. Question 11 10 out of 10 points What is the function of the part of the cell membrane that the arrow is pointing to below? Answers: It improves the fluidity of the membrane. It provides a passage for the transport of ions. It defines the cell as belonging to the body. It creates a hydrophobic barrier to aqueous solutes. Question 12 10 out of 10 points This figure demonstrates the result of placing a cell in a (an) ____________ solution. Answers: hypotonic hypertonic isotonic Hyperosmotic Question 1 10 out of 10 points Which connective tissue is responsible for cellulite “bumps” on the skin? Answers: Blood Adipose Cartilage Dense connective Question 2 10 out of 10 points What would this type of epithelium be called? Answers: Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Simple squamous Stratified squamous Question 3 10 out of 10 points Bone tissue is unique because it is the: Answers: only connective tissue that has collagen. only calcified connective tissue. only connective tissue found in vertebrates. only dense connective tissue. Question 4 10 out of 10 points What type of connective tissue is this? Answers: Elastic cartilage Areolar connective tissue Hyaline cartilage Adipose tissue Question 5 10 out of 10 points What two words are used to classify epithelium in terms of the number of cell layers? Answers: Simple and calcified Simple and stratified Cuboidal and simple Cuboidal and columnar Question 6 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is a disease that damages cartilage inside joints? Answers: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoporosis Fibromyalgia Question 7 10 out of 10 points Which tissue type lines the body’s cavities? Answers: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Question 8 10 out of 10 points Which cells of nervous tissue are supporting cells? Answers: Nerves Neutrons Neuroglia Axons Question 9 10 out of 10 points The fetal skeleton is composed of? Answers: Elastic cartilage Osteoid cartilage Fibrocartilage Hyaline cartilage Question 10 10 out of 10 points What makes skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle tissue? Answers: Number and position of nuclei Involuntary Branching Gap junctions Question 11 10 out of 10 points Small hair-like folds of the cell membrane that increase the cell’s surface area for absorption are called? Answers: Cilia Blood Microvilli Flagella Question 12 10 out of 10 points What component of connective tissue is designed for strength? Answers: Fibroblasts Elastin fibers Chondrocytes Collagen fibers Question 1 0 out of 10 points Which of the following functions applies to muscle? Answers: Produce movement Support and protection Mineral storage Blood cell production Question 2 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is an example of a long bone? Answers: Patella Humerus Scapula Frontal bone Question 3 10 out of 10 points Name the two major divisions of the skeleton. Answers: Axial and appendicular Axial and pectoral Appendicular and pectoral Pectoral and pelvic Question 4 0 out of 10 points Which bone does not belong to the axial skeleton? Answers: Sphenoid bone Hyoid bone Rib Coxal bones Question 5 10 out of 10 points Which bone cell is responsible for laying down new bone? Answers: Osteoblast Osteoclast Chondroblast Osteocyte Question 6 10 out of 10 points The inside of the shaft of a long bone is filled with: Answers: spongy bone. cartilage bone marrow. synovial fluid. Question 7 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is a function of the skeletal and muscular systems as they work together? Answers: Movement and locomotion Protection of organs Maintenance of upright posture All of these Question 8 10 out of 10 points There are approximately ________ bones in the human skeleton. Answers: 128 56 206 310 Question 9 10 out of 10 points In the illustration, the diaphysis is indicated by the letter: Answers: A B C D Question 10 10 out of 10 points Exercise: Answers: strengthens muscles. strengthens bones. strengthens muscles and bones. strengthens the attachments between muscles and bones. Question 11 10 out of 10 points How does compact bone differ from spongy bone? Answers: Spongy bone is organized by Haversian systems. Compact bone has many osteons. Compact bone has struts called trabeculae. Only spongy bone contains osteocytes that maintain the bone. Question 12 10 out of 10 points Which bone does not belong to the appendicular skeleton? Answers: Cervical vertebrae Ulna Metatarsals Clavicle Question 1 10 out of 10 points Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord? Answers: Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Question 2 10 out of 10 points Which nervous system division is referred to as the “fight-or-flight” system? Answers: Central nervous system Somatic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Question 3 10 out of 10 points What is a typical resting potential for neurons? Answers: +30 mV +15 mV -55 mV -70 mV Question 4 10 out of 10 points Which structure increases the speed of impulse transmission? Answers: A B C D Question 5 10 out of 10 points The division of the nervous system that regulates functions such as blood vessel diameter and stomach activity is the: Answers: autonomic division somatic division central division All of these choices are correct Question 6 10 out of 10 points Which type of cell cleans up cellular debris and pathogens in the nervous system? Answers: Microglia Schwann cell Astrocyte Ependymal cell Question 7 10 out of 10 points What is the function of the somatic nervous system? Answers: Conscious movement Regulating digestion Integrating and analyzing sensory information Regulating blood pressure Question 8 10 out of 10 points What is the function of the afferent part of the peripheral nervous system? Answers: Send motor commands to muscles Transmit information from different receptors Integrate and analyze sensory information Control heart beat by changing its rhythm Question 9 10 out of 10 points Which feature sets the nervous system apart from other organ systems? Answers: It maintains homeostasis The immediacy of response Its size The location Question 10 10 out of 10 points What is the name of the structure labeled as “B”? Answers: Cell body Dendrites Axon Myelin sheath Question 11 10 out of 10 points Which type of neuron sends information away from the central nervous system? Answers: A B C All of these choices are correct Question 12 10 out of 10 points What is the name of the structure labeled as “A”? Answers: Dendrites Cell body Axon Axon terminals Question 1 10 out of 10 points What is the name of the structure labeled A? Answers: Tongue Taste pore Taste bud Papilla Question 2 10 out of 10 points Which structure is a coiled tube? Answers: A B C D Question 3 10 out of 10 points How do we sense the world around us? Answers: We see with our eyes. We hear with our ears. We taste with our tongue. We see, hear, and taste with our brain. Question 4 0 out of 10 points Loss of which sense can cause difficulties for functioning in society? Answers: Taste Smell Vision Balance Question 5 10 out of 10 points Which of the bones of the middle ear is attached to the eardrum? Answers: Incus Stapes Semicircular canals Malleus Question 6 10 out of 10 points Which structure is important in conducting sound waves? Answers: A B C D Question 7 10 out of 10 points What is a consequence of the olfactory sense’s connection with the limbic system? Answers: Olfaction helps you concentrate. Olfaction can trigger memories and emotions. Olfaction helps you see clearly. Olfaction triggers forgetfulness. Question 8 10 out of 10 points Which structure is involved in sensing changes in the position of the head? Answers: A B C D Question 9 10 out of 10 points What is the name of structure B? Answers: Gustatory hair Receptor cell Papilla Sensory neuron Question 10 10 out of 10 points When we “pop” our ears we are opening the: Answers: auditory tube. auditory canal. uvula. tympanic membrane. Question 11 10 out of 10 points What kind of receptor do our eyes use to detect light? Answers: Photoreceptor Chemoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Pressure receptor Question 12 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is the organ of hearing? Answers: Semicircular canal Vestibule Organ of Corti Tympanic membrane Question 1 10 out of 10 points As a result of the cross labeled 1, what do you predict about all the offspring labeled 2? Answers: There will be mostly white offspring and some purple. The offspring will all be white. There will be mostly purple offspring and some white. The offspring will all be purple. Question 2 0 out of 10 points The process depicted here is best described by which of the following choices? Answers: The tetrads are separating to opposite sides. The cell is completing the first phase of meiosis. The cell is splitting; cytokinesis. Genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. Question 3 10 out of 10 points Which phase of meiosis is depicted here? Answers: Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Question 4 10 out of 10 points Which trait exhibits typical dominant/recessive inheritance in humans? Answers: Freckles Red color-blindness Baldness Both freckles and red color-blindness Question 5 10 out of 10 points What type of blood can the offspring of the parents depicted here have? Answers: Type A only Type A and O Type A,B, and O All blood types are possible because this only give us the phenotypes, not the specific genotypes Question 6 10 out of 10 points A trait that is expressed even if there is only one such allele is a ______ trait. Answers: homologous recessive dominant true-breeding Question 7 10 out of 10 points A human cell with 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes is called: Answers: diploid polyploid haploid multiploid Question 8 10 out of 10 points Mendel’s conclusion about how each trait is carried in the gamete as a separate entity regardless of any other traits is called the Law of ______________. Answers: Independent Assortment Segregation Crossing-Over Dominance Question 9 10 out of 10 points Variations in voice pitch in humans is an example of: Answers: a typical dominant/recessive trait. a sex-linked trait. a codominant trait. an incomplete dominance trait. Question 10 10 out of 10 points Regarding sex-linked traits, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the offspring labeled A? Answers: Normal female but a carrier Normal male Male with sex-linked trait Normal female Question 11 10 out of 10 points During which process would you find the event pictured here? Answers: Mitosis Meiosis Transcription Translation Question 12 10 out of 10 points The dihybrid cross shown here will produce how many wrinkled and yellow pea plants? Answers: 9 6 3 1