Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY JEREMY Y. PANEDA, LPT, MEd INSTRUCTOR SCIENCE 2  SCIENCE Latin : scientia – knowledge Any systematic knowledge or practice. Foundation of natural world acquired through scientific method It...

MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY JEREMY Y. PANEDA, LPT, MEd INSTRUCTOR SCIENCE 2  SCIENCE Latin : scientia – knowledge Any systematic knowledge or practice. Foundation of natural world acquired through scientific method It can be defined as idea - hypotheses, theories intellectual activity – experimentation and observation body of knowledge – a subject that deals with the processes for knowledge of the natural and physical world personal and social activity – done by human beings to deepen their understanding of the world 3 4  SCIENCE Organized body of knowledge gained through research. The human attempt to understand the natural world with or without concern for practical uses of that knowledge. 5 TECHNOLOGY? 6  TECHNOLOGY “Techne” (Greek word), art or skill “Logos” (Greek word), discourse or reason Application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems 7  TECHNOLOGY It is the human attempt to change the world. 8  SOCIETY ✓“Societas” (Latin), company or interaction ✓ an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one 9 another. HOW DO THEY INTERACT? EXPLORE FOR THE PURPOSE OF KNOWING EXPLORE FOR EXPLORES THE PURPOSE SCIENCE AND OF MAKING TECHNOLOG Let’s start with the firstSOMETHING set of slides Y FOR A USEFUL FROM BETTER LIFE THAT KNOWLEGE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (STS) - Is a field that combines previously independent and older disciplines such as History of Science, Philosophy of Science and Sociology of Science. - refers to the interaction between science and technology and social cultural, political and economic contexts which shape and are shaped by them; specific examples throughout human history of scientific and technological developments. INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION  Started in the early 16th – 18th Century in Europe  Era of enlightenment when advances in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry changed how people perceived nature.  Critically important in terms of human development, social transformation, & development of scientific concepts  Drove the development of new scientific disciplines for research and encouraged the development of a solid framework for modern society  COPERNICAN REVOLUTION  NICOLAUS COPERNICUS – a Polish mathematician made his observations in the 16th Century, opposing the Ptolemaic Model  Claudius Ptolemy - claimed that the sun, the moon, and the planets all revolve around the Earth (GEOCENTRIC MODEL)  He proposed the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY (MODEL) – sun is the center of the solar system  DARWINIAN REVOLUTION  Most controversial intellectual revolution of its time  Published, “On The Origin of Species” in 1859  THEORY OF EVOLUTION - people perceived it to be contrary to the church's teaching that the source of life is a powerful creator  According to this theory, only the strongest individuals would survive a process of natural selection within the population.  According to him, "evolution" refers to the process by which organisms gradually transform into something more competitive in order to survive.  He claimed that organisms have the capacity to adapt to their environment. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION  Psychology has historically been categorized under philosophy.  Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory influenced people's perceptions in the late 19th century.  Psychoanalysis is a specific way to study human mind and neurotic illness; the theory also reveals that a person's personality is the result of three opposing forces: the id, ego, and superego. SOME OF THE NOTABLE SUCCESS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 24  THE WHEEL The idea came to connect a non- moving platform to a rolling cylinder. People then invented the wheel and axle which is the concept of making wheel. The holes at the center of the wheels and the ends of the fixed axles had to be nearly perfectly round and smooth for wheels to work. 25 The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone in 1876. Though several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission, the invention quickly took off, and revolutionized global business and communication. 26  PENICILLIN In 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a bacteria field Petri Dish in his laboratory, the sample had become contaminated with a mold, and everywhere the mold was, the bacteria was dead. That antibiotic mold turned out to fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemist’s purified it and developed the drug Penicillin, which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming the humans themselves. Penicillin was being mass and advertised by 1944. 27  THE INTERNET - The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection. - The Internet has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry many different kinds of information. The short form of internet is the 'net'. The World Wide Web is one of its biggest services - Computer scientists Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn are credited with inventing the Internet communication protocols we use today and the system referred to as the Internet. 28 29 30 THANK YOU!