University of Mindanao GE-5 Science, Technology, and Society Past Paper PDF 2020

College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. :...

College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO College of Arts and Sciences Education Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL) Course/Subject: Science Technology and Society (GE 5) Week 1 – 3 (May 25 – June 12, 2020) Name of Teacher: ______________________________ THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT. EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL. Prepared by: MARIFE MACANLAY 0|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 TABLE OF CONTENTS Week 1 – 3 I. Historical antecedents in the course of Science and Technology A. Ancient Time ………………………………………………………………………………… 7 1. Transportation and navigation 2. Communication 3. Weapons and armor 4. Early People 5. Civilization a. Sumerian b. Babylonian c. Egyptian d. Greek e. Roman f. Chinese B. Medieval / Middle Ages………………………………………………………………… 17 C. Modern Times………………………………………………………………………………. 12 D. Philippine Inventions …………………………………………………………………… 13 Let’s Check Activity 1…………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Let’s Analyze Activity 1………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 In a Nutshell Activity 1………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 II. Intellectual Revolutions A. Copernican ………………………………………………………………………………….. 18 B. Darwinian…………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 C. Freudian………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Let’s Check Activity 2…………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Let’s Analyze Activity 2………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 In a Nutshell Activity 2………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 III. Inventions and Discoveries in the Philippines ………………………………………………. 25 A. Pre-colonial period B. Colonial Period C. Post colonial period Let’s Check Activity 3………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Let’s Analyze Activity 3……………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 In a Nutshell Activity 3……………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 1|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Course Outline: GE 5 – Science, Technology, and Science Course coordinator : Marife L. Macanlay MAST-Physics E-mail: [email protected] Student Consultation : Thru LMS, e-mail or by phone Mobile : 09238521916 Phone : None Effectivity Date : May 25, 2020 (for week 1-3: May 25 – June 12, 2020) Mode of Delivery : Blended (On-Line with face to face or virtual sessions Time Frame : 54 Hours Student Workload : Expected Self-Directed Learning Requisites : None Credit : 3 Attendance Requirements : A minimum of 95% attendance is required at all scheduled virtual or face to face sessions Course Outline Policy Areas of Concern Details Contact and Non-contact Hours This 3-unit course self-instructional manual is designed for blended learning mode of instructional delivery with scheduled face to face or virtual sessions. The expected number of hours will be 54, including the face to face or virtual sessions. The face to face sessions shall include the summative assessment tasks (exams). Assessment Task Submission Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3 , 5 , 7 and rd th th the 9th week of the summer class. The assessment paper shall be attached with a cover page indicating the title of the assessment task (if the task is a performance), the name of the course coordinator, date of submission, and the name of the student. The document should be e-mailed to the course coordinator. It is also expected that you already paid your tuition and other fees before the submission of the assessment task. If the assessment task is done in real-time through the features in the Blackboard Learning Management System, the schedule shall be arranged ahead of time by the course coordinator. Turnitin submission To ensure honesty and authenticity, all assessment tasks (if necessary) are required to be submitted through Turnitin with a maximum similarity index of 30% allowed. This means 2|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 that if your paper goes beyond 30%, the students will either opt to redo her/his paper or explain in writing addressed to the course coordinator the reasons for the similarity. In addition, if the paper has reached a more than 30% similarity index, the student may be called for disciplinary action under the University's OPM on Intellectual and Academic Honesty. Please note that academic dishonesty such as cheating. and commissioning other students or people to complete the task for you have severe punishments (reprimand, warning, expulsion). Penalties for Late The score for an assessment item submitted after the Assignments/Assessments designated time on the due date, without an approved extension of time will be reduced by 5% of the possible the maximum score for that assessment item for each day or part day that the assessment item is late. However, if the late submission of assessment paper has a valid reason, a letter of explanation should be submitted and approved by the course coordinator. If necessary, you will also be required to present/attach pieces of evidence. Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned to you two (2) weeks after Assessments the submission. This will be returned by e-mail or via the Blackboard portal. For group assessment tasks, the course coordinator will require some or few of the students for online or virtual sessions to ask clarificatory questions to validate the originality of the assessment task submitted and to ensure that all the group members are involved. Assignment Resubmission You should request in writing addressed to the course coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an assessment task. The resubmission is premised on the student's failure to comply with the similarity index and other reasonable grounds such as academic literacy standards or other reasonable circumstances e.g., illness, accident financial constraints. Re-marking of Assessment You should request in writing addressed to the program Papers and Appeal coordinator your intention to appeal or contest the score given to an assessment task. The letter should explicitly explain the reasons/points to contest the grade. The program coordinator shall communicate with the students on the approval and disapproval of the request. If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can elevate your case to the program head or the dean with the original letter of request. The final decision will come from 3|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 the dean of the college. Grading System All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional Contact Course discussions/exercises – 30% 1st formative assessment – 10% 2nd formative assessment – 10% 3rd formative assessment – 10% All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA): Final exam – 40% Submission of the final grades shall follow the usual University system and procedures. Preferred Referencing Style Depends on the discipline; if uncertain or inadequate, use the general practice of the APA 6th Edition. Student Communication You are required to create a umindanao e-mail account which is a requirement to access the BlackBoard portal. Then, the course coordinator shall enroll the students to have access to the materials and resources of the course. All communication formats: chat, submission of assessment tasks, requests, etc. shall be through the portal and other university recognized platforms. You can also meet the course coordinator in person through the scheduled face to face sessions to raise your issues and concerns. For students who have not created their student e-mail, please contact the course coordinator or program head. Contact Details of the Dean Dr. Khristine Marie D. Concepcion E-mail:[email protected] Phone : (082) 30-5456/305-0647 local 118 Contact Details of the Program Edgar Retorta Head E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 0946-272-0836 Students with Special Needs Students with special needs shall communicate with the course coordinator about the nature of his or her particular needs. Depending on the nature of the need, the course coordinator, with the program coordinator's approval, may provide alternative assessment tasks or extension of the deadline for submission of assessment tasks. However, alternative assessment tasks should still help achieve the desired course learning outcomes. Well-being Welfare Support Help ZERDSZEN P. RANISES Desk Contact Details E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (082) 300-5456 Hotline no: 0950-466-5431 4|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Library Contact BRIGIDA E. BACANI- Head LIC E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (082)300-5456 Hotline no. : 0951-376-6681 Course Information – see/download course syllabus in the BlackBoard LMS CC’s Voice: Hello, students! Welcome to this course, GE 5: Science, Technology, and Society. By now, I am confident that you wanted to understand how science and technology affect or even changed society's lives, especially in the contemporary world. CO: Upon the completion of this course, you are expected to articulate the impacts of science and technology, how it affects society and the environment particularly in nation-building; and analyzing human condition to reflect and express philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to you as part of the community. Thus, in this course, you are expected to personally and meaningfully assess contemporary and social issues. Let us begin! Big Picture Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expecting to a. Explain and identify the historical antecedents in the course of science and technology; b. Explain how the Intellectual Revolution changed how humans see the world and describe the technological advancements that happened in the information age; and c. The role of science and technology in nation-building is to present government policies on science and technology and its importance to the nation. Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain the Historical Antecedents in the course of Science and Technology 5|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Metalanguage In this section, the essential terms, pictures to the historical antecedents of science and technology, and to demonstrate ULOa will be operational to establish how science and technology indeed play significant roles in everyday life. You will encounter these as we go through this chapter. Historical Antecedents – it is all about the historical developments/contributions of science and technology made from the past period/era to the present. Technology - a process of supplying better means of utilizing nature to develop & improve human lives (Yushikaku Economic Dictionary: 88); the ways or activities employed by human beings to change or operate the external environment (CEB 185 c:233); the application of the scientific knowledge for practical ends. Technological development – is the creation/innovation of such technology at a specific time to provide support for human activities. Civilization – An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016) Essential Knowledge To identify the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) for the first three (3) weeks of the course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will lay down in the succeeding pages. Please note that you are not limited to refer to these resources exclusively. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles, and other resources that are available in the university's library, e.g., e-library, search.proquest.com, etc. The developments in this field are not just products of people's imagination or a one- time thought process but also brought from gradual improvements to earlier works from different periods or eras. The desire to raise the quality of life of the people is the driving force to set continuous progress in the application of science and technology. The following are the different period which has various contributions in the life of the early people up to the present time: 6|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 1. ANCIENT TIME (began 3100 BC with the invention of writing & lasted 35 centuries) were concerned with the following: Transportation and navigation - it was significant because people were trying to go and discover new horizons. They traveled to search for food and find better locations for settlements. - They used this to trade their surplus goods in exchange for things they lacked, and it helped them in their journeys to unfamiliar areas and returned home after discovering new places or completing a vital trade to another group of people. Communication – this was essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new places relevant to communicating with the natives of the areas they visited. To facilitate trade and prevent any possible conflicts: - Record-keeping was also crucial since they needed to remember the places they had been to and documented the trades they made with each other. Keeping records was vital to keep records of their history and culture to establish identities as they tried to relate with different cultures and civilizations. Weapons and armor are essential tools in the discovery of new places and establishments of new alliances with other tribes. Conflicts were common to different groups struggled to control vital resources. - It was their primary challenge for the conservation of life. They have been successful in harnessing abundant resources that the world could provide, but survival was a significant problem. Illnesses and diseases, natural or human-made, hampered the full potential of a human being. - Through this predicament, science and technology played a significant role in the discovery and prevention of illness. Early people ventured on the so-called Engineering to integrate their needs for better transportation, establishments of structures for protection from personal attacks and natural disasters, and build bigger and stronger infrastructures. This field of development allowed humans to build structures that would address specific needs and wants. Some of these still exist today. 7|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 The following are some of the significant technological advancements during the ancient times from early civilizations: SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION – located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia (now Southern Iraq). They are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. They are content with the basic things that life can offer, pushing them to develop many things connected with science and technology. Cuneiform is the first writing system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and left to dry. These allow them to keep records of things with great historical value or their everyday life. Uruk City – It is a great wonder not only because it is the first erected real city, but built from mud or clay coming from the river that mixed with reeds producing sun-baked bricks. The Great Ziggurat of Ur – another engineering and architectural feature also called god’s mountain. Build like the Urok City and serve as their chief god’s sacred place, where only priests are allowed to enter. Irrigation and Dikes – this was made as the population increased and the demand for food. These Sumerians have their mass production of food items as the environment’s elements seemed uncooperative since they had the difficulty to get water from rives to provide their farmlands. This method was considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works. Through this, they were able to enjoy year-long farming and harvesting, which increased their food production. Sailboats – Boats are used to carry large quantities of products and cover long distances since they used waterways for their mode of transportation. These sailboats were made that did not require many human resources. These were also essential in shipping and trading as well as fostering culture, information, and technology. Wheel – this was made not for transportation but farm work and food processes. 8|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Mass production was made more accessible, and farmers could mill grains with less effort and less time. The Plow – used to dig the ground at a faster pace for planting the seeds. Through this toll, the farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster to produce mass production without so much effort and time. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION – emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They were great builders, engineers, and architects. Hanging Gardens of Babylon – one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, but today, people can only marvel at the beauty from stories of historians and paintings that portray the place. It was said to be the structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens that contain several species of plants, trees, and vines. King Nebuchadnezzar II built this for his wife, Queen Amytis. However, no physical evidence to prove the existence of this Hanging Gardens of Babylon. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION – they are famous for its legacy and located in North Africa. They built infrastructures established by the pharaohs through engineering technology. They also contributed other practical things that the world now considers as essential. Paper or Papyrus – though they were not the first to develop a system of writing, they were able to make writing easier for the world. Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly in the Nile River in Egypt. Processed the plants to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things. Since clay tablets were fragile, heavy, and delicate to handle in bringing it to one place to another. It is one of the significant accomplishments of Egyptians' record-keeping and communication. Ink – Egyptian invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to produce different colors. It is a liquid substance to write in the Papyrus. It can withstand the elements in nature for the recording of history, culture, and codified laws. Hieroglyphics – the writing system of Egyptians using symbols. Egyptians believed that this writing system was provided to them by their gods. It is a language that tells the history and the culture of the ancient Egyptians written in the pyramid. Cosmetics – this was for both health and aesthetic reasons. They used KOHL and wore around their eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. It was with soot or malachite with mineral galena. They believed that when a person is wearing make-up, it is a protection from evil, and beauty is a sign of holiness. 9|P age  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Wig – it is a material worn for wealth and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes. Water Clock/ Clepsydra – Used for time-keeping device. It utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to another. GREEK CIVILIZATION – located in the southern part of Europe and known as the birthplace of western philosophy. Their significant achievements include in-depth work on philosophy and mathematics, and contributed much to the world, especially in science and technology. The following are some of the Greek contributions: Alarm Clock – Made use of water or sometimes small stones or sand that drums, which sounded the alarm. Plato believed it utilized an alarm clock to signal the start of his lecture. Water Mill – considered one of the most important contributions of Greek civilization. It is common in agricultural processes like milling of grains necessary for food processing. ROMAN CIVILIZATION – perceived to be the most influential political and social entity in the west, and many of the other civilizations looked up to them as their model in terms of legislation and codified laws. Roman contributions: Newspaper – It contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. The first newspapers were known as gazettes. Engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed, but because of this, it became more accessible for the Romans to publish announcements and pieces of information. Bound Books or Codex – Used this for record-keeping primarily documenting historical events and newly legislated laws, same with literature. Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up Papyrus to form pages of the book. 10 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Roman Architecture – it was considered as the continuation of Greek architecture due to its resemblance. This development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully supported and funded by the Roman government, so the implementations more significant projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilica) Roman Numerals – devised their number system to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. CHINESE CIVILIZATION is considered the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world, and is located in the far east of Asia. Chinese contributions: Silk – Was naturally produced by silkworms and process to provide paper and clothing. Silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade, making cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges after the opening of outside China. Tea Production is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves. Great Wall of China – considered the only human-made structure that can probably be seen from outer space and said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation-building. The construction is to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of China. Gun powder – it was developed by Chinese alchemists who aim to achieve immortality. It is a mixture of charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate that leads to the invention of black powder that could generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant, rather than creating an elixir of life. 2. MEDIEVAL /MIDDLE AGES (500 AD – 1500 AD) – Massive invasions and migrations were combined during this time since wars were prevalent, especially at the start or early medieval times- such technology needed in the field of weaponry, navigation, mass food, and farm production and health. There is a 11 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 decrease in population after the war but an increase in the latter part of the period. Some of the innovative minds came from this period and also known as the Age of exploration. The following are some of their contributions: Printing Press – is a more reliable way of printing using a cast type invented by Johannes Gutenberg. The invention to address the need for publishing books would spread information to many people at a faster rate. The microscope – Zacharias Jansen invented the first compound microscope to develop proper medicines for illnesses and need medical attention from growing populations caused by massive migration and urbanization. Telescope – helps observe remote objects and was a great help for navigators in the medieval time. War Weapons – developed not only offensive tools but also for defensive instruments. For open-area battles, they designed crossbows and longbows and close-range hand-to-hand combat; they wore iron body armor. 3. MODERN TIMES – massive industrialization started and the booming of the world population in the nineteenth century onwards. The demand for the production of more goods, efficient transportation to trade more products, and to cover more considerable distances, faster and the development of more natural means of communication. But, food processing and medicine posed of the more significant challenges since health was a great concern. Some of the major contributions of modern times: Pasteurization – was invented by Louis Pasteur as a process of heating dairy products to kill the presence of harmful bacteria that can be spoiled faster and can consume for an extended period. Petroleum Refinery – it is used for better means of powering homes and transportation. At present, petroleum is used to power automobiles, factories, and power plants, etc. 12 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 The Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone. As more people got connected by trade and exploration, they needed to maintain connections and communicate in real-time as well as for government communications. Calculator – invented for a faster way to compute more complicated equations. 4. PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS – the Philippines also contributes to the global advancement of science and technology. It is remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos since many of these inventions were built or made from indigenous materials. The following are some of the inventions: Salamander Amphibious Tricycle – developed to be utilized during a flood or rainy season that can cross not only in the flooded streets but also rivers and lakes-Invented by Dominic N. Chung, Lamberto Armada, and Victor "Atoy” Llave. SALT Lamp (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) – Aisa Mijino invented this lighting system. It is an environment-friendly light source that runs on saltwater. It poses no risk of fire and does not emit toxic gases. It benefits from people who live from far-flung barrios by mixing two tablespoons of salt and a glass of tap water. Medical incubator – it is made from indigenous and cheap materials that did not run on electricity. Dr. Fe del Mundo, a pediatrician, devised this medical incubator to maintain conditions suitable for newborns, usually a pre-term baby. EJeepney – it is an environment-friendly vehicle since it does not emit smoke and noise. It utilizes electricity instead of expensive diesel that produces large quantities of black smoke. The inventions named above are only some of the great designs and development during the different periods - more innovations and discoveries in the course of history that changed the world. 13 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson: McNamara, Daniel Joseph SJ, Valverde, V.M., Beleno, R. (2018). Science Technology and Society.1st ed. C and E, Pub. A History of Science and Technology in the Phils. –an article by Olivia C. Caoili Floridi, Luciano (2014).The Fourth Revolution https://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us-scientific-revolution Zhouying JIN (2010). Global Technological Change: From Hard Technology to Soft Technology. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanaoebooks/reader.action?docID =685161&ppg=78 Nelson, Ken. (2020). History: Middle Ages for Kids. Ducksters. Retrieved from https://www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_timeline.php Let’s Check Activity 1. Now, that you know the essential Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology from the different periods up to the Philippine inventions. Let us try to check your understanding of these historical antecedents. In the space provided, write the correct words or terms needed to answer the following statements: _______________1. In ancient times, these were also essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new places. _______________2. A civilization known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. _______________3. Was the ancient people's primary challenge though they were successful in harnessing the rich resources that the world could provide? _______________4. The early writing system of the Egyptians which they believed it was provided to them by their gods by using symbols. _______________5. The location of this civilization is on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia, and one of their major contributions is the development of the first writing system known as cuneiform. 14 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 _______________6. Known as the birthplace of western philosophy, some of the major achievements they contributed much to the world were in science and technology. _______________7. Known to be the strongest political and social entity in the west and looked up by other civilizations as their model in terms of legislation and codified laws. _______________8. It is the first newspaper of Romans that contained the Roman Empire’s announcements to their people, and it was engraved in metal or stone and publicly displayed. _______________9. A period was wars; massive invasions and migrations were prevalent. Technology is important in the field of weaponry, navigation, mass food, and farm production and health. ______________10. The process of heating the product to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. Let’s Analyze Activity 1. Getting acquainted with the science and technological developments in different periods is not enough. What also matters is you should also be able to explain its relationships to the lives of the people as we go over the advancements towards the future. I will let you define your answers thoroughly. 1. How did the development in science and technology shape human history? You set/mention some examples to defend your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. How science and technology affect society? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 15 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 3. Do you agree with these continuous developments? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ In a Nutshell Activity 1. Studying and learning the historical antecedents in the course of science and technology, especially in the present time, is relevant to appreciate and to be able to get ideas on how it changed and improved people's life. It constitutes a different impact to have a convenient experience and to leads to aiming for development continuously. Thus, we cannot deny that we owe the early people’s ideas to come up with high technology applications. Based from the pieces of information and the exercises that you have done above, kindly site your points of view after my ideas. 1. The historical antecedents ushered the most development in the society in terms of infrastructures, medicines, preserving of information or transmitting information, mass productions, agriculture, and even for the protection of one another. 2. On the contrary, it shows improvements in people's lives as an effect of technological progress. Due to its possible destruction to the environment, there must be limitations in such developments and might lead to scarcity of natural resources. Your Turn 3. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 16 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 7. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Do you have questions for clarification? Questions/Issues Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Historical antecedents Technological development Ancient times Conservation of life Medieval times Dark ages civilizations 17 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Big Picture in Focus: ULOb. Explain how the Intellectual Revolution changed how humans see the world and describe the technological advancements in the information age Metalanguage For you to demonstrate ULOb, you will need to have an operational understanding of the following terms below. Please note that you will be cementing its distant relationship from ULOa. 1. Intellectual Revolutions – the period was society transformed from their perceptions and beliefs by science and technology. 2. Geocentric model – a planetary model that shows the Earth as the center of the solar system 3. Heliocentric model – a planetary model that shows the Sun as the center of the solar system. 4. Theory of Evolution – posited that the population passed through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive. 5. Psychoanalysis – is the study that explains human behavior. Essential Knowledge Before we proceed to study intellectual revolutions, it is essential to recognize the works of the brilliant minds behind the technological advancements that we benefited today. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION - In the early time, people questioned what created days and nights. They wanted to understand what heavenly bodies like stars, moons, and planets are. Thus, many Greek philosophers and intellectuals wrote about planets to explain the movement of celestial bodies and their effect s on the world. Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish mathematician, and astronomer in the 16th century introduced heliocentrism. It suggested that the center of the solar system was not the Earth but the Sun in contrast from Claudius Ptolemy’s model of geocentrism, which was widely accepted by the people and the church. 18 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 https://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g37/ DARWINIAN REVOLUTION - This intellectual revolution was considered to be one of the most controversial of its time. Charles Darwin (Naturalist, biologist, and geologist) in 1859 published his book "On the Origin of Species" introduced the "theory of evolution '. - He stated that organisms could adapt to their environment and would gradually change into something that would be more competitive to survive, which he called "evolution." https://biologywise.com/charles-darwin-theory-of-evolution FREUDIAN REVOLUTION - Sigmund Freud explained that many conscious and unconscious factors could influence behavior and emotions. He argued that one’s personality is a product of id, ego, and superego. 19 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 - Despite criticisms, He continued refining his theory and, in fact, tried to explain how psychoanalysis can be a clinical method for treating some mental disorders, which eventually resulted in classifying psychology as a science. https://www.slideshare.net/LeilaZaim/freud-psycoanalytic-theory These revolutionizing theories are just some of the many scientific ideas that transformed and molded societies and beliefs. It brought changes to the perspectives and perceptions of the scientific community and the public. Through research and experiments, people will continue to deepen their understanding of the world and the universe. Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson: McNamara, Daniel Joseph SJ, Valverde, V.M., Beleno, R. (2018). Science Technology and Society.1st ed. C and E Pub.http://hti.osu.ed/scientific revolution/lesson plans Martin, Evan Jay (2020). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud Let’s Check Activity 2. Clearly, the development of intellectual revolutions showed how society transformed by science and technology with their perspectives and beliefs. At this point, let us determine how it influenced and affected society's life and outlook. Discuss and write your answers thoroughly to the questions below: 20 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 1. The Id, Ego and Super Ego of Freud ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain the concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Name other scientific revolutions that happened in the following places: a. Meso-America ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 21 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 a. Asia ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. Middle East ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ c. Africa ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Let’s Analyze Activity 2. The transformation to the perspective and beliefs of the society brought pieces of evidence of sciences and technology's link to humanity. These lead to more scientific research and experiments to deepen the understanding of what surrounds us in different aspects. At this juncture, you will be required to EXPLAIN your answers about the following questions. 1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 22 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely accepted at that time? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. How do intellectual revolutions transform societies? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. What do you think are the positive and negative results brought about innovations and technological advances in the information age? Reflect on your answers and come up which do you think the possible rules and guidelines in using the different media information. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ In a Nutshell Activity 3. The relevance of science and technology to the life of society is incontestable. In this portion of the unit, the module will be requiring you to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics presented. I will supply the first two items, and you will continue the rest. 23 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 1. Through the intellectual revolutions, it opens the mind of society, letting us deepen our scientific and technological understanding of the world. Through widening research and experiments don, it provides a more comfortable and accessible life of humanity. 2. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and never stop in finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are ongoing discoveries. Your turn 3. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Do you have questions for clarification? Questions/Issues Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 24 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 Heliocentric model Intellectual revolution Geocentric model Theory of natural selection Theory of evolution Survival of the fittest Psychoanalysis Big Picture in Focus: ULOc. The role of science and technology in nation-building, present government policies on science and technology, and its importance to the nation. Metalanguage Below are the essential terms that you are going to encounter in the pursuit of ULOc. Determine the early scientific development of the country. These will help you understand the present development of the country. Colonization - it is the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area or the effect of appropriating a place or domain for one's use. Pre-Colonial – occurring or existing before the beginning of colonial rule. The colonial period was the period in a country's history when it was subject to administration by a colonial power. Post-Colonial – it is the aftermath of colonization. Principalia class - The Principalía or noble class was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the towns of Spanish Philippines, comprising the gobernadorcillo (who had functions similar to a town mayor), and the Cabezas de barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts. Essential Knowledge The development of science and technology in the Philippines has already come a long way. There are a lot of significant inventions and discoveries that have been 25 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 accomplished by or attributed to Filipinos. It is commendable to note that they have laid down a significant effect on the country until now. A. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD The Philippines started its scientific and technological development began at this period. Early Filipino settlers were already using specific plants and herbs as medicines. There is an implementation of the systems of farming and animal-raising. It also includes the development of different modes of transportation this time. - The rice terraces were the most magnificent complicated engineering structures achieved by the early Filipinos in Cordillera. At present, it's still functional, and it shows the natives’ innovative and ingenious way to survive in an otherwise unfriendly environment. B. COLONIAL PERIOD Spaniards Colonization (1521-1898) – The Philippines were claimed in the name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain, who named the islands after King Philip II of Spain. The construction of extensive infrastructures such as walls, roads, bridges is used by engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. The Spanish government also developed health and education systems that were enjoyed by the principalia class. American Colonization (1898-1946) – American occupation modernized almost all aspects of life in the Philippines. They established a government the agency, the Bureau of Science, to nurture development in the field of science and technology. C. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD – the Philippines under different leaderships or administrations pursue programs in science and technology. However, one of the presidents who ushered in advancements in science and technology and who saw that the key to nation-building is through science and technology was Ferdinand Marcos. Marcos Era – He amended the 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1), he declared that the "advancement of science and technology should have priority in the national development. Many agencies in science and technology were established and strengthen that 26 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 includes PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration) in place of Weather Bureau and the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) which reconstituted to National Science and Technology Authority presently known as DOST (Department of Science and Technology). Roads, bridges, power plants, schools, and hospitals are the most relevant development in his time. The progress in science and technology continued even after the dictatorial rule, and the presidents after him left their legacies. Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson: https://www.csub.edu/pacificrim/countryprospectus/history.htm. https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-Essays/Exclusion- and-Empire/The-Philippines/ Vicente L. Rafael (2020). Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines 1565-1946. Retrieved from https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.000 1/acrefore-9780190277727-e-268 Let’s Check Activity 3. The works of science and technology greatly influenced the development of nation-building in the country. At this point, let us try to determine the extent of its influence in the country. Please elaborate your answers to the questions below: 1. Discuss the traced development of science and technology from the pre-colonial times up to the present. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 27 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 2. Identify some achievements in the field of science and technology from president Marcos up to the present administration. A. Ferdinand Marcos ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ B. Corazon Aquino ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ C. Fidel Ramos ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ D. Joseph Estrada ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 28 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 E. Gloria Arroyo ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ F. Benigno Aquino Jr. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ G. Rodrigo Duterte ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Name greatest scientific technological contributions of the colonizers brought in the country that promotes nation-building. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Let’s Analyze Activity 3. In this activity, you are required to elaborate on your answer to each of the questions below. 1. What do you think are the significant contributions of science and technology to the Philippine nation-building? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 29 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 2. What specific government policy do you like the most in contributing to the development of science and technology in the Philippines? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3. How science and technology relevant to the development of nation-building? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What policies do you want the government to implement in the near future? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ In a Nutshell Activity 3. Science and technology have brought a significant impact on the development of the country and changes the life of the society as well, particularly in the colonization period. We’re able to promote and develop our technological applications for nation-building. In this activity, again, you are required to draw conclusions or perspectives from the periods affecting the country. I will supply the first item, and you will continue the rest. 1. It’s right that the key to nation-building is the continued development and application of science and technology. But perhaps, there must be policies or laws to be followed to control and limit the might destructive effect on the environment and to the people, just to achieve nation-building. 30 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 2. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Do you have questions for clarification? Questions/Issues Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pre-colonial period Post-colonial period Principalia class Colonization Colonial period Nation-building 31 | P a g e  College of Arts and Sciences Education General Education – Science 2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134 32 | P a g e