Models of Communication PDF

Interconnections Interpersonal Communication Foundations and Contexts Models of Communication © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives After you finish reading this chapter, you will be able to: Identify the necessary components of...

Interconnections Interpersonal Communication Foundations and Contexts Models of Communication © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives After you finish reading this chapter, you will be able to: Identify the necessary components of interpersonal communication. Compare different models of communication. Explain the key principles of interpersonal communication. Analyze the process of using channels to communicate in interpersonal relationships. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Focus Questions What are the different types of relationships that people may Skynesher/Getty Images encounter? How do people communicate across a range of relationships? © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Interpersonal Communication Defined Interpersonal communication:  Dyadic (between two people)  Unique (with a relational partner who one treats differently than other individuals)  Relationship allows individuals to predict the impact of the message © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Linear Model of Communication (slide 1 of 2) Communication flows in one direction, from sender to receiver. Sender encodes the message through a communication channel. Receiver decodes the message, using context to discover its meaning. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Linear Model of Communication (slide 2 of 2) © Cengage © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.  Noise Barriers to perceiving communication. Can include: Physical noise Tupungato/Shutterstock.com  (sound)  Psychological noise (mental state)  Physiological noise (physical state)  Semantic noise (word choice) © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Transactional Model of Communication (slide 1 of 2) Two-way communication involving feedback Exemplifies the nature of interpersonal communication Creates a communication climate of the relationship, influencing future interactions © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Transactional Model of Communication (slide 2 of 2) © Cengage © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Foundational Principle 1 Interpersonal messages are omnipresent People ascribe meaning to carefully planned communication and unintentional messaging. Motivations for communication, intentional and unintentional, are varied. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Foundational Principle 2 Interpersonal messages follow rules Each communicator brings to the interaction norms, rules, and expectations based on:  Culture  Context  Personal experiences © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Foundational Principle 3 Interpersonal messages contain both substance and nuance Interpersonal messages contain content information and relational information.  Content information: the verbal basics of a message  Relational information: more context and understanding for observers © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Foundational Principle 4 Interpersonal messages permanently impact relationships Verbal and nonverbal messages cannot be taken back once processed by a receiver. Messages can change the course of a relational experience. © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Foundational Principle 5 Interpersonal messages vary widely Subject to JGI/Tom Grill/Getty Images interpretation Meanings change over time Culture, context, relationships affect interpretation © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Interpersonal Communication Channels © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Face-to-Face Communication Allows for the greatest channel richness  Partners can see, touch, taste, smell, hear the messages Requires greater attention by the participants Happens in real time; most synchronous of all communication channels © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Video Chatting Allows for greater channel richness than the spoken or written word Almost as synchronous as face-to-face Drawbacks versus face-to-face:  Not all nonverbal cues can be picked up  Off-screen actions may limit immediacy © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Phone Conversations Moderate channel richness: spoken Rob Van Petten/Getty Images words and tone of voice Relatively synchronous Lower level of immediacy © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Text Messaging and Email One of the least channel-rich mediums; relying only on the written word Text messaging moderately synchronous; email messaging much less synchronous Text messages convey immediacy through immediate notifications to the recipient © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved. Notes, Letters, and the Written Word Among the least channel-rich forms of messaging Considered asynchronous—messages not sent or received in a timely fashion, do not allow for interaction or immediate response Most likely to inspire sentimental attachment © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.