Media Literacy Review PDF

MIL Reviewer   Media: anything that we use to access, read, analyze information   1\. Social Network: anything we use to connect to other people 2\. Social Media: used for sharing photos and videos   Limitations on Social Media: don't plagiarize, avoid cyberbullying, think before you click, d...

MIL Reviewer   Media: anything that we use to access, read, analyze information   1\. Social Network: anything we use to connect to other people 2\. Social Media: used for sharing photos and videos   Limitations on Social Media: don't plagiarize, avoid cyberbullying, think before you click, don't spread disinformation   Disinformation: released intentionally to malign or to hurt someone Misinformation: released unintentionally or the sharer don't have any idea that it is an incorrect information Malinformation: information kept by the government that are not allowed to be publicized   A.  Media Literacy: our ability to access, create, read and analyze any content B. Information Literacy: ability to analyze information especially if it's false or facts C. Technology Literacy: ability to use/utilize devices in order to access, create, analyze a content   Evolution of Media 1\. Prehistoric Age: verbal, cuneiform(mesopotamia), hieroglyphics(egyptian) 2\. Industrial Age: printed, books, newspaper, magazines 3\. Electronic Age: radio, broadcast station, telephone, tv 4\. Information Age: access information anywhere and anytime   Theory related to media 1\. Authoritarian Theory: Information is controlled by the government or authority 2\. Libertarian Theory: Any report or information was released by independent source, this includes journalism, opinion, etc.   Information Literacy Fake news: was originally used for entertainment Types of fake news: 1\. Clickbait/False Connection: title is not connected to the content 2\. Sattire/Parody: created misinformation for entertainment purposes 3\. Manipulated/Misleading Content: scripted content 4\. Propaganda; mostly used in politics to destroy an image or reputation of someone 5\. Imposter Content: imposter is disguised as an agency to release information 6\. Deepfakes: happens in explicit contents where faces are cropped and used in illegal purposes 7\. Fabricated Content: created without the knowledge of those who are being impersonated   Model of Communication 1\. Linear: one way process \> Aristotle: father of model communication Sender -\> channel medium (with noise/barrier) -\> receiver 2\. Interactive: two way process \>Shannon Weaver: mother of model communication Sender -\> encoder -\> channel (with noise/barrier) -\> decoder -\> receiver -\> feedback -\> sender 3\. Transactional: ever changing process \> Dean Barnlund \> both side can be the sender and/or the receiver   Types of Noise 1\. Semantic noise: how you comprehend and/or interpret the message 2\. Physical noise: environment (walls,distance) 3\. Physiological noise: disability 4\. Mechanical noise: technology 5\. Psychological noise: emotions     Computer: Charles Babbage Cellphone: Martin Cooper Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell Mock Exam: 1. It refers to the ability to access, analyze, and create media. Media Literacy 2. It is a set of skills requiring people to recognize when the information is needed and it also the ability to locate, evaluate, and use the needed info effectively. Information Literacy 3. He is the proponent of the linear model of communication. Aristotle 4. It is an orderly writing system used by the ancient egyptians. Hieroglyphics 5. He was the one who invented cell phones. Martin Cooper 6. It gives secondhand accounts about a particular event, person, or information. Secondary sources 7. It refers to the skills to utilize hardware and software. Technology Literacy 8. It refers to the false information that was released to the public. Fake News 9. It is classified information that was kept by the government and it should not be released to the public. Mal-information 10. It is a type of barrier that has something to do in the way we interpret the meaning of the message. Semantic Barrier UCSP Reviewer   Social Science: the study of society and its relation to their environment 1\. Political Science 2\. Sociology: society, culture 3\. Anthropology: study of human, human's behavior and interaction to the environment \> Relativism: judgment based on their practices \> Slavery: forced labor \> Diversity: differences \>Stratification: division of groups A. Class system: upper, middle, lower B. Caste system: something that you were born with, no social mobility 1\. Brahmins: priests 2\. Kshatriyas: upper class, royalty 3\. Vaishyas: middle class 4\. Sudra: lower class/working group 5\. Untouchable: slaves/poorer than sudras C. Estate system: wealth Rich/ boss over poor/worker \> Xenocentrism: culture inferiority \> Ethnocentrism: culture superiority   Political Spectrum: upper= richer countries; lower=poor countries 1\. Left wing: conservatism, communism, facism, egalitarianism 2\. Right wing: democracy, liberalism, authority(human rights), social inequality inevitable \* Meritocracy: what you sow, what you reap   Ancient Monarchy/ Anarchy Timeline ² Trial by ordeal ² Tribal war: hunting and gathering period ² Reconciliation: marriage, blood compact/brotherhood   Monarchy A. Absolute: queen, king, datu, pharaoh B. Constitutional: prime minister C. Theocratic: governed by one person or a group of people rules in the name of a deity or god   Spanish, American, Japanese Colonization \> Hierarchy: governor general -\> alcaldía mayor -\> gobernadorcillo -\> cabeza de barangay \> Timeline: ² Treaty of Paris 1898: Spaniards sold Philippines for \$ 20, 000, 000 \* Mock battle of Manila ² Phil-Am War 1899 ² Bill of Rights/ Copper Act: congress(upper and lower)   v Americans colonized Philippines for more than 50 years v Dec 7, 1941: Bombing of Pearl Harbor v Dec 8, 1942: Japan colonized Philippines v April 9, 1942: Fall of Bataan v April 9-17, 1942: Death March v 1944: Arrival of Doughlas Mac Arthur v Aug 6, 1945: Bombing of Hiroshima (bomb: little boy) v Aug 9, 1945: Bombing of Nagasaki (bomb: fat man) v Sep 1-2, 1945: End of WW II v Oct 24, 1945: United Nations; Tydings Mcduffie Law/ Philippines Independent Act (created by Manuel L. Quezon); Republic v 1972: Martial Law, Dictatorship v 1985: EDSA Revolution v 1986: Freedom, Constitution v 1987: Presidency of Corazon Aquino; Republic   1\. Executive: Vetopower, Administrative process 2.  Legislative: create bill, impeachment, power to declare war 3\. Judiciary: court process   Political Science: Ø Study the administrative process Ø Study the distribution of resources Ø Study the balance of power Ø Study the whole system and how the officials perform their duty Ø Study about the foreign relation (agreement, treaties) Ø Comparative politics (compare and contrast government process of a country) Ø Study the best ideology that would benefit the nation   Elements of a State/Country: \>  Nation \> Government \> Sovereignty \>Territory   Anthropology: study of human \> Franz Boas \> Types: Physical, Cultural, Archaeology   Sociology: study of society and how they interact to the environment \> Auguste Comte: Father of Sociology \> Symbolic interaction \> Conflict theory \> Structural functionalism \> Positive and negative traits of filipinos   Social Network a\. Primary groups: family, close friends, love relationships b\. Secondary groups: community (church, organization), school   In and Out group A. Race: asian vs american; black vs white B. Age: teenager vs elder C. Religion: christian vs islam/hinduism   Paleolithic; Mesolithic; Neolithic: Pre-historic period, hunting and gathering period, "stone" Bronze and Iron Age: Meopotamian civilization, sumerian period, "iron", wheel and axle, silver Mercantilism: Barter of gold, trading, merchants Modern Age: 18^th^ century, before the WWII Contemporary Period: After WWII\--present   Material: physical objects and belongings Non material: beliefs, social rules, ethics, omen, artifacts Tangible: traditional clothing, tools, buildings, artwork, monuments,   Mock Exam: 1\. This refers to the study of society and how they interact with the environment. Sociology 2\. It is a system of government wherein a fief was given to a vassal for them to manage under the supervision of the emperor. Feudalism 3\. Upright man. Homo Habilis 4\. Coined the idea of survival of the fittest. Herbert Spencer 5\. This is a classification of culture which includes our belief, omen, and rituals. Non Material 6\. Political ideology that focused on the majority which sometimes ignore the rights of minorities. Pure Democracy 7\. This ideology doesn\'t allow private property because everything is owned by the government. Communism 8\. This political ideology is fixated on the idea that they are the superior race and they are destined to rule. Facism 9\. Father of Anthropology. Franz Boas 10\. They are believed to be the first to discover fire. Homo Erectus   IPHP Reviewer   Origin of Philosophy \> Thales of Melitus: who started to question gods and goddess and the purpose of human thus philosophy started   \> "philosophia": philo-love; sophia-wisdom   \>Empirical: evidence based \> Rational: "reasoning"   Branches of Philosophy 1\. Epistemology: theory of knowledge and truth, includes on how we obtain, processes and classify facts, opinion and information 2\. Metaphysics: reality and being, nature of all beings, relationship of the attributes to human being 3\. Axiology: philosophical study of goodness or value \>Ethics: morality of our conduct \>Aesthetic: beauty 4\. Political Philosophy: searching for the best political ideology that would benefit the whole country \>Anarchism: survival of the fittest a\. Feminism: equal rights and opportunities for women b\. Communism: all property and wealth are communally owned instead of being owned by individuals c\. Facism: dictatorial, controlled by one man or one group d\. Socialism: economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social system characterized by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership \> equality: providing everyone with equal resources \> equity: providing resources according to needs, equal access to all resources e\. Conservatism: seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs and values f\. Authoritarianism: centralized government g\. Liberalism: protects and enhance freedom of an individual   \*Methods in finding the truth I. General Method 1\. Method of Correspondence: identify if the statement match with reality 2\. Method of Coherence: logical, consistent, align 3\. Method of Pragmatism: practicality, experiences, observation II\. Specific Method 1\. Intuition: natural instinct, sacred gift 2\. Reasoning: faithful servant a\. Inductive: Synthesis; building up knowledge; specific to general b\. Deductive: Analysis; breaking down the knowledge; general to specific 3\. Observation a\. Internal: self-assessment b\. External: includes environment 4\. Appeal to Authority: eyewitness, evidences, 5 senses, mostly used in court processes/conferences   Truth: wisdom/knowledge \> Knowledge by acquaintance: "I know and I remember" \>Practical knowledge: "I do and I understand"   Properties of Truth: truth may hurt, can be absolute or subjective   Types of truth: 1\. Private: can be only known by a particular person 2\. Public: can be known directly by everyone 3\. Subjectivity: opinion, perspective 4\. Objectivity: reality, factual 5\. Empirical: verifiable, evidences 6\. Rational: logical and reasoning 7\. Priori: before 8\. Posteriori: after 9\. Universal:  widely accepted facts which does not change over period 10\. Relative: conditional, subjective, varying and contradictory 11\. Proposition:  It can only be true or false. Propositional truth is an abstract property of true propositions that is not possessed by untrue propositions 12\. Certain: a fact that could not be otherwise 13\. Synthetic: need additional statement, true both because of what they mean and because of the way the world is 14\. Analytic: does not need supporting statement 15\. Necessary: one that must be true 16\. Contingent: true as it happens, or as things are, but did not have to be true, can be true today and can be false tomorrow   How to treat a person \> Subject: respect their rights, freewill, freedom, no fix essence/qualities (no flexibility/adaptation) \> Object: tools for your own success, no rights, fix qualities   \>Treating as way of ends: asking for their consent \> Treating as way of means: treating them as tools for success    "eudaimonia": happiness (of everyone) \> Idea of Jean-Paul Sartre a.  Being for itself: subject b\. Being in itself: object \> Idea of martin Heidegger a\. Being alongside: object b\. Being with: subject   Rights: (civil rights) adapted from the romans 1\. Negative Rights: "mind your own business", power of non interference 2\. Positive Rights: rights that we need to acquire through out our life for stability and security 3\. Legal Rights: rights that was given to us because of our citizenship 4\. Contractual Rights: rights in contract/agreement 5\. Human Rights: right to live, to marriage...etc   Embodied spirit \> Plato: spirit is soul, immortal soul (reincarnation), all knowledge will be forgotten when entering a new body \> Descartes: spirit is mind, it is separate from the body, mind = perfect mind of god, "I think, therefore, I am", reasoning, intuition \> Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas: body and spirit is inseparable, spirit is the spiritual soul, spirit is the one who convicts us   \*Belief of existentialism: choice, freewill, respect   \*Behaviorism a\. Operant Conditioning: B.Skinner, mending their behavior through reward and punishment b\. Classical Conditioning: I.Pavlov, mending their behavior through experience   Dimensions of Freedom a\. Natural: unlimited freedom, no social constraints b\. Social: limited freedom, social constraints, laws, rules, regulations, policies..   Philosophical position on the possibility of freedom 1\. Determinism: the current event is affected by the previous event 2\. Libertarianism: our freewill/choice is more than enough to earn our freedom 3\. Compatibilism: our freedom has something to do with voluntariness, willingness (to let go)   Accountability: refers to our actions of taking responsibility for our action \>Conditioning for Accountability 1\. Intentionally 2\. Knowledge of what happen: you are not the doer but you know what happened 3\. Ignorance: you have no knowledge about what happened 4\. Unusual Condition: you cannot take accountability because of disability/ illness Responsibility 1\. Responsibility as accountability 2\. Responsibility as duty 3\. Responsibility as agency: moral agent-doer of the action; moral recipient-receiver of action Rational Being/Person A. Rational: humans B. Sensitive: animals C. Vegetative: plants     Mock Exam:   1\. Philosophy comes from the word \_\_\_. Philosophia  2. They believed that soul and spirit are separable. Plato and Descartes 3\. Type of truth wherein it needed mystical experience before you can classify. Posteriori 4\. Type of truth that only applies to some situations. Contingent 5\. Being responsible means being the cause of something or being the one that brings about something. Responsibility as agency 6\. Animals based on their instinct. Sensitive soul 7\. Relates to the idea of freedom that our previous actions affect our present life. Determinism 8\. Fix essence. Treating human as an object 9\. In deductive reasoning it uses \_\_\_\_. Analysis 10\. According to the idea of hedonism and utilitarianism, this term refers to the idea of happiness. Eudaimonia PEH 3 POINTERS   NATURE OF DANCE   ⮚ Dancing can be a fun way to help you lose weight or just stay in shape. While dancing may not feel like exercise, it actually offers a total body workout that uses all of the major muscle groups. A single one hour class can **burn up to 600 calories**, and having fun while you're at it may encourage you to push yourself farther. And if you choose to do additional exercise on top of your dance classes, you may find that you lose weight at a much faster and steadier rate. ⮚ **Sleep Management**-Exercising through dancing can **help improve and correct the natural sleep cycle.** ⮚ Stress Management- Like any exercise, dancing **releases endorphins in the brain, also known as the happy hormones** --- which can improve your mood. Dancing also raises your body temperature, which has been found to have a calming effect. So next time a friend asks if you want to go out dancing, you may want to say yes!   Nature of Dance Dance, movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy or simply taking delight in the movement itself.   -**Dancing as a form of Exercise** ü It builds muscular endurance ü It improves flexibility ü It makes use of aerobic and anaerobic movements   -Different Genres of Dance ü Ballet ü Modern dance ü Classical Dance ü Folk Dance ü Ethnic Dance ü Ballroom Dance   **DANCE ELEMENTS:** **Body (Who?)**        In dance, the human body is the form seen by the audience.   **Action(What?)** **       **Movement during a dance performance. **It refers to sequences, steps, and pauses during the dance.** Action may be improvised, choreographed, or passed down by tradition.   **Space(Where?)** ⮚ Area surrounding a person in which he/she is able to move Level: The vertical distance from the floor( High, Medium or Low) Direction: Where the body moves. (forward, backward, up, down, sideways, diagonally, etc) Focus: Where the dancer's eyes look as he/she is dancing. Size: How large or small movements. **Time (When?)** ⮚ The duration of the movement. Relationship of one movement to another. Beat --the on-going underlying pulse Tempo- how fast or slow the movements Accent- strong beats that usually occur at regular intervals Rhythmic Patterns- arranging long and short movement or strong and light movement. Duration- the length of time the movements lasts. **Energy/Force** **      ** Refers to how movements happen during a dance    performance. ⮚ Force = Energy Heavy/light Sharp/Smooth Tensed/Relaxed Bound/Flowing   **What makes a good dance?** ⮚ A good dance display a significant meaning or conveys a message, it also portrays life experiences. ⮚ It has a beginning, middle and end/conclusion *** *** **PHASES OF THE DANCE PROGRAM** ** ** **1.    Creative Rhythms** ** ** ⮚ **Are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances.** A creative rhythm is an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their body and to use them as instruments of expression.   **2.    Folk/ Ethnic dance** ** ** ⮚ Is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe.   ⮚ ** **Examples of folk dances are the rural and country dances, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among others with foreign influence.   ⮚  Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions. ** ** **3.    Social and Ballroom Dance** ** ** ⮚ The setting of the social and ballroom dance is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. Social and ballroom dancing are generally held in the evenings. The participants are usually in formal attire. ** ** **4.    Recreational Dance** ** ** ⮚ **Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances.** **Many of these dances have simple patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka steps and the waltz step.** The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions etc. ** ** **5.    Creative Dance** ** ** ⮚ **Is the highest form of the dance.** It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas, and interpretations. **This is a dance with a definite form, a beginning and an ending.** The principles of art form are all observed in the composition of the dance. Examples of creative dance are ballet, jazz, and modern or contemporary dance.   **TRADITIONAL (Folk and Ethnic)** ⮚ Traditional dances are dances of indigenous communities that show cultural traits of peoples in specific time and place. Costumes and traditions through dance steps and costumes are preserved in traditional dances. These dances are handed down from generation to generation with fixed sets or patterns.   +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ETHNIC DANCES** | **FOLK DANCES** | +===================================+===================================+ | ⮚ Ethnic dances are classified | ⮚ Folk dances are classified | | into two major categories | according to geographical | | | locations and the nature of the | | ▪ Non-Christian Filipinos dance | dances. According to geographical | | are made up of the pagan and the | locations, folk dances can be | | Muslim groups. | national (dances with common | | | basic movements | | ▪ Christian Dance and the lowland | | | Filipinos, some of which are | | | savage and vigorous or light | | | hearted. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+   ⮚ According to the nature of the folk dances it can be: occupational dances, religious or ceremonial dances; courtship dances; wedding dances; festival dances; war dances; comic dances; game dances; and social dances. **FIVE FUNDAMENTALS POSITION OF THE FEET** 1\. Heels together, turn R and L toes outward. Place the weight of the body on the balls of the feet. 2\. Slide one foot sideward until the feet are shoulder width apart diagonally outward without moving the other foot. 3\. Place the heel of one foot to the instep of the other foot while keeping the toes facing outward. 4\. Step on foot forward as far as it will go without bending the knees. 5.  Heel and toe together   **FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS  OF THE ARMS** 1\. Raise arms forward  forming a circle of the chest with fingertips of each hand to each other. 2\. Raise arms sideways and hands at the level of the dancer's belly button. 3\. Remain on one arm in a second position and raise the other arm in a half circle above and in front of the head. 4\. Remain one arm in a half circle above and in front of the head while the other arm is carried to a half circle in front of the chest. Raise both arms to form a circle in front close above the head.   These are some dance term is Folk Dance 1\. Arms in lateral position 2\. Arms in Reverse T 3\. Bilao 4\. Brush 5\. Clockwise 6\. Counterclockwise 7\. Cut 8\. Do-si-do 9\. Draw 10\. Free Foot 11\. Free Hand 12\. Hapay 13\. Hayon-hayon 14\. Kumintang 15\. Masiwak 16\. Place 17\. Panadyak 18.  Pivot 19\. Point 20\. Salok       21. Saludo Gen Phy Reviewer  Physics: a body of knowledge that provides organized answer to our questions about the physical world; to describe all phenomenon in the physical world Accuracy: measures how close the results are to the true/known value Precision: measures how close the results are to one another Systematic Error: type of error that results from issues with experimentation Least count: smallest value Combined capacitance: sum of all capacitance Magnitude of charge: current time graph Kinetic fiction: sliding friction Drag force: motion of body \> It is harder to push an object at rest than pushing a body because rolling friction is less than kinetic friction and less than static friction. Negative friction: oppositely charge Positive friction: same direction Scalar: a quantity that can only be described by its magnitude Ex. distance, temperature, mass, speed, pressure, volume Vector: a quantity characterized by both magnitude and intensity Ex. displacement, velocity, force, acceleration, intensity \*Scientific method/notation \* vectors and scalar \* Problem solving on uniformly accelerated motion \*Velocity, distance, displacement Gen Chem Reviewer 1. At very high temperatures of stars, atoms lose their electrons. The mixture of electrons in the nucleoli results in what state of matter?. **Plasma** 2. What kind of mixture do colloids and suspensions belong to?.  **Heterogenous** 3. It is the amount of space occupied by an object.  **Volume** 4. Using the formula for density, what is the volume of a sample of a liquid mercury that has a mass of 76.2 g. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mol.  **5.77mol** 5. These errors are large scale which require repetition of the study.   **Gross errors** 6. It is the quantity of particles equal to Avogadro\'s number. **Mole** 7. What is the percentage composition of oxygen in the compound of S2CO3. If the molecular mass of oxygen is 16. **45.29 %** 8. Which among the following represents the decomposition reaction?. **AB= A+ B**  9. It is the mass of the product that should form according to the state of chemistry of the balance equation. ** Theoretical Yield** 10.  What is the formula mass of S3PO4?. **163.94**