MIL-FINALS-REVIEWER PDF

LESSON 1: LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES example, an economics textbook may contain charts or graphs to support IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION the discussion about population trends....

LESSON 1: LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES example, an economics textbook may contain charts or graphs to support IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION the discussion about population trends. Creators of Text Information intellectual property Pertains to the output of a person’s intellectual pursuit such as literary Written words have the power to influence and change the readers. and artistic works, inventions, logos, symbols, and signs, as well as Producing a reputable, well-organized material is a concerted effort names and images used for commercial purposes or advertisements. between writers and members of editorial team. Copyright There are also several kinds of writer set of rights granted to the author creator of a work, to restrict others’ ability to copy, redistribute, and reshape the content. 1. Author. Like writers, authors write stories and articles on a variety of topics. However, they differ in the focus of their COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS writing. An author usually writes articles or stories that are may include printed materials, such as books, longer, like a novel. An author also pertains to a writer whose musical scores, as well as maps. It may also include artworks like work has already been published. paintings, sculptures, images, and drawings. 2. Writer. A person who is more associated with writing literary COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT-the violation of a copyright works, such as poems and short stories is considered a writer. In a newspaper or magazine, a writer usually writes articles for PATENT lifestyle, feature, and entertainment sections. is the granting of a property right by a sovereign authority to an inventor. 3. Contributor. Like a writer, the contributor also submits articles This grant provides the inventor exclusive rights to the patented process, on topics that are of particular interest. However, articles design, or invention for a designated period in exchange for a written by contributors only run depending on the theme comprehensive disclosure of the invention. and/or space available. 4. Columnist. Someone who writes his opinion, insights, and THOMAS EDISON- He invented the incandescent light bulb, the commentaries about political or social issues is a columnist. The phonograph, and the motion picture camera, articles of a columnist appear on a regular basis in a particular column in the newspaper or magazine. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL-scientist and engineer who is credited with 5. Blogger. Like a columnist, a blogger writes personal opinions patenting the first practical telephone. about issues or topics that interest him. But instead of writing a column for a newspaper o0r magazine, the blogger shares his Trademark reflections, experiences, and activities through blog entry. the specific sign associated with a particular brand of goods or services. 6. Data encoder. A person who is in charge of encoding the FAIR USE handwritten text into soft copy, such as MS Word document, is refers to the copying of copyrighted material, with the purpose of using it a data encoder. for a review, commentary, critique, or parody, without the need to ask 7. Layout and Graphic Artist. The author or writer coordinates permission from the copyright owner with the layout and graphic artist so that the text corrections on his manuscript are correctly implemented. PLAGIARISM 8. Editor. Coordinating with the author or writer, so that all the act of using the ideas or words, or the language of other people or editorial concerns and queries pertaining to the content and writers without giving a credit to them. format of the manuscript are addressed, is what an editor does. 9. Publisher. Responsible for preparing, acquiring, and managing NETIQUETTE a publication, the publisher is either the owner or the means the use of good manners in online communication such as e-mail, management. He decides what type of materials will be forums, blogs, and social networking sites to name a few. published Think before you click. CLASSIFICATION OF TEXT INFORMATION Be kind and professional. Use respectful language - Text information can be found in print media, such as books, newspapers, and magazines. It has two general Share with discretion. classifications: fiction and nonfiction. Respect People's Privacy 1. Fiction. This pertains to stories that are imagined or not true, such as fairy tales, mythologies, and legends. CYBER BULLYING 2. Nonfiction. It is based on facts and reality. Biographies, news, is bullying that takes place using electronic technology. and scientific research are examples of nonfiction works. These DIGITAL ADDICTION are often found in textbooks, encyclopedias, periodicals, and is a phrase sometimes used to refer to someone spending too much time journals. using Facebook, Twitter, and other forms of technology– so much so that it interferes with other aspects of daily life. GENRE OF TEXT INFORMATION - Genre pertains to a specific style or theme of a particular DIGITAL DIVIDE refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to work of art, music, or literature. It could be any of the modern information and communication technology, and those that don’t following: or have restricted access. 1. Comedy or Humor. Its content is light and funny. It can make readers feel good and happy. 2. Tragedy or Drama. Its content can make people cry because it involves death, pain, and suffering. It entails conflicts which LESSON 2: TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA are often difficult to deal with. 3. Suspense and Thriller. In this theme, the reader is Text Information challenged to figure out who the real villain and protagonist are by analyzing other characters and how each scene is connected Text information can be written in script using the Roman alphabet or a to establish a plausible conclusion to solve the mystery or different script that is appropriate to the language of the reader. For problem presented in the story. example, Japanese, Chinese, and Korean textbooks are written using 4. Horror. The content aims to arouse overwhelming fear and their own scripts. leave the reader terrified. The story may involve malevolent creatures or beings, evil entitles, and the paranormal. Non- text Elements 5. Romance. The content deals with romantic love. It details the Books for preschool readers often contain non-text elements like images experience, both trials and triumphs, of the people or couples or pictures. The images or pictures help the beginning reader understand who are in a romantic relationship. the text. 6. Science fiction. The content is typically based on the There are materials intended for older readers that also contain non-text imaginative use of scientific knowledge or scientific discoveries elements since they are necessary to the topic discussed in the book. For or conjecture.  7. Historical. The content contains elements about historical film Toy Story, is Pixar’s first feature-length animated film, accounts. It can be about the life of a specific figure who was which Walt Disney Pictures released. influential during his time. 17. Musical – the actors deliver their lines by singing. The 8. Autobiography, Biography and Memoir. An autobiography performance also includes dancing. A musical is often based on is an account of a person’s life which the author wrote about a stage p [lay and adapted into a movie. himself. Meanwhile, a biography or memoir is a detailed 18. Adventure – this kind of movie has an exciting plot, wherein the characters go to interesting or exotic places for a quest or description of someone’s life written by another. mission. 9. Inspirational or Self-Help. The content contains topics, articles or stories that may be based on a true story where the Evaluating and Rating Motion Information reader can draw inspiration from. It can be about how a person succeeded in life despite previous setbacks. 1. Best picture. In the Academy Awards, the Best Picture is 10. Religious. The content contains topics about God and considered the most important award because it encompasses spiritually, holy or religious people, and other related subjects. directing, acting, musical score, screenplay, composing, writing, editing, and other elements used or incorporated in a film. The Best Picture award is the final award given. LESSON 3: VISUAL AND MOTION INFORMATION 2. Best Cinematography. It refers to the art or technique of AND MEDIA movie photography that includes both the shooting and the processing of the image. 3. Best Screenplay. The award is given to a film with the best PEOPLE INVOLVED IN MAKING MOTION INFORMATION script or storyline. 4. Best Musical Score. It is given to a film for its dramatic 1. Actor. An actor is regarded as a performer who gives life to a underscoring of music. role. 5. Best Visual Effects. This award is given to a film for the best 2. Director. The director supervises and instructs performers or achievement in visual effects. actors on how they should act based on their role as described in the script. 3. Scriptwriter. The person in charge with writing the script of LESSON 4: AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA 4. the film is the scriptwriter. 5. Makeup artist. The one responsible for making the actors Audio is defined as anything connected to sound, specifically when look their best by applying makeup is the makeup artist. received, recorded, transferred, or duplicated (HarperCollins, n.d.). It is 6. Production design team. The production design team is anything related to the documentation and transmission of sound responsible for the overall look of a film and its set. They make (Cambridge University, n.d.). Audio is one of the resources of media and sure that the props and setting fit the film’s theme. information, along with text, visual, and motion. 7. Music and audio team. The music and audio team are responsible for the sound effects and background music used in Audio Media and Audio Information the film. Audio Media refers to the media communication that uses audio Types of Motion Information equipment to report, document, and deliver information through the means of sound. It may also refer to audio formats such as analog tape - There are some fiction books that have been turned into cassettes, digital compact discs, and computer files containing audio. On motion picture. the other hand, audio information is the file or sound created and 1. Comedy or Humor – the content of this motion picture is transferred by using high fidelity waves that are heard through certain light and funny. Example, Mr. Bean (British comedy sitcom in audio tools. the 1990’s) Types and Categories of Audio Information 2. Drama – this motion picture contains heavy and serious content. It involves conflicts that may be difficult to deal with. There are several types of audio file: 3. Suspense – in suspense films, the audience is made to feel anxious and excited about the content because the plot ❖ Radio Broadcast – the act of sending a live or recorded audio through involves many thrills and twists. radio waves meant for a large group of listeners 4. Horror – the goal behind horror movies is to instill fear in the audience ❖ Music – an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating 5. Science Fiction or Fantasy – the story contains interesting instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner topics in science that can affect the future. 6. Romance or Love story – in this particular motion picture, ❖ Sound Recording – the encoding of any sound from the surroundings; the story centers on how the main characters met and how the act or procedure of making a record of a certain sound (Merriam- they show their genuine affection and/or passion for each Webster, n.d.) other, which is deemed as romantic love. 7. Historical – historical elements are incorporated into the ❖ Sound Clip/Sound Effect – the sound, aside from dialogue and music, story. The content can be about a particular event in history artificially made to create an effect in a movie, play, or other broadcast that made a huge impact. production (Oxford University, n.d.) 8. Inspirational – the film could be a source of hope to its ❖ Audio Podcast – an episodic series of digital audio or video file or viewers. recording that can be downloaded by a user from a website to a media 9. Science Fiction or Fantasy – the story contains interesting player or computer to listen Aside from knowing the various types of topics in science that can affect the future. audio information, you must also learn the different ways of storing audio 10. Romance or Love story – in this particular motion picture, files: the story centers on how the main characters met and how they show their genuine affection and/or passion for each ❖ Tape – a magnetic tape sound recording format on which sound can other, which is deemed as romantic love. be documented 11. Historical – historical elements are incorporated into the story. The content can be about a particular event in history ❖ Compact Disc – a plastic-fabricated, circular tool on which audio, video, that made a huge impact. and other digital information is recorded, stored, and played back 12. Inspirational – the film could be a source of hope to its viewers. ❖ USB Flash Drive - an external hard disk drive, small enough to fit on a 13. Religious or Spiritual – contains topics about God or keychain, that can be plugged into the computer’s USB port spirituality, holy or religious people, and the church. 14. Action – in this film genre, the protagonist or main character ❖ Memory Card – a small, flat flash drive used to save data such as audio of the story encounters challenges that typically includes fight files, pictures, texts, and videos for use on small, portable, or remote scenes, violence, and frantic chases, which require the actor to computing devices do physical stunts apart from acting. 15. Documentary – it is a nonfictional motion picture intended to ❖ Computer Hard Drive – a secondary data storage device for saving document some aspects of reality, primarily for the purpose of digital data instruction or maintaining a historical record. 16. Animation – created with traditional hand-drawn or computer- ❖ Internet/Cloud – a wide network of remote servers on the internet generated animation techniques. Example, the 1995 animated meant to operate as storage and retrieval of audio files and other computer data Now, before we save our audio files, we need to consider first the numerous audio file formats: ❖ MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a coding format for consumer audio, as well as a mean of sound sequence compression for the transmission and playback of music on most digital audio players Characteristics of a Sound The following are the characteristics of sound: ❖ Volume - the force of a sound ❖ Tone - the musical or vocal sound of a definite quality (Merriam- Webster, n.d.) ❖ Pitch - the degree of highness or lowness of a sound (Oxford University, n.d.) ❖ Loudness - the feature of a sound that determines the degree of the auditory sensation produced (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Purposes of Using Sounds or Audio Media Audio media have a vital role when it comes to the teaching and learning process. Some learners are auditory learners. These are learners who better understand lessons by listening to the content and concepts that they need to grasp. This is the reason why it is important to use audio media along with text and visual media since these will make the lessons more motivating for learners. The following are some of the purposes of using sounds or audio media in facilitating learning: ❖ These enable the learners to listen to the ideas and views of the experts and other reliable people. ❖ These allow learners to listen to learning materials, like speeches. ❖ These serve as alternative guides for the learners when they are doing their tasks, such as experiments; and ❖ These grant the learners audio files of important past events or sounds from the settings that the learners cannot personally visit. Elements and Principles of Sound Design Sound Design is the vivid use of sound during a production in connection to the images and contents of the story to create an emotional response. These are the “Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by the ear. If you are not hearing impaired, hearing simply happens. Listening, however, is something you consciously choose to do. Listening requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences. Listening leads to learning.” (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2011; Rosenblat, 2009) 8 elements of sound design or the elements that one must work with to produce soundtracks: ❖ Dialogue – a composition in the form of conversation between two people ❖ Sound Effect - the sound, aside from dialogue and music, artificially made to create an effect in a movie, play, or broadcast production (Oxford University, n.d.) ❖ Music - an instrumental or a vocal sound that conveys emotions and ideas in significant forms through the elements of color, harmony, melody, and rhythm ❖ Silence – the complete absence of noise or sound Aside from these elements that one must work with in creating a soundtrack, principles of sound design, or the audio techniques for merging the various elements or objects of sound design, should also be considered: ❖ Mixing – the balance, combination, and control of numerous sound elements ❖ Pace – the editing and the time control of sound design; it has numerous categories: o Linear – the sounds that are permanent, used once, and will be in the same place o Non-Linear – the sounds that are much more open in comparison to linear sounds of multi-linear ❖ Transition – the process of getting from one element or fragment of sound design to another. ❖ Stereo Imaging - the feature of sound documentation and duplication concerning the supposed spatial locations of the sound sources, both sideways and in depth.