Digital Publishing Midterm PDF
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This document introduces digital publishing, comparing digital and print media in terms of interactivity, navigation, updates, and longevity. It also looks at the cost to consumers and how this aspect of publishing differs between digital and print media.
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I NTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL e nvironmental consumption footprint. PUBLISHING(W EEK 1-2)...
I NTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL e nvironmental consumption footprint. PUBLISHING(W EEK 1-2) Interactivity igital content P D rint materials can incorporate lack interactive interactive elements. What is Digital Publishing? features such as Digital publishing, sometimes called online or video, audio, web publishing, involves using online polls and technology to create and share digital content. hyperlinks. This content can include websites, ebooks, Navigation sers can U hysical media P podcasts, email newsletters, and apps leverage search requires manual functions and searching with hyperlinks to an index or Digital publishing allows content creators to: find desired table of Reach a wider audience (including mobile users content quickly. contents. and international audiences) Save money relative to the more expensive Updates igital content D pdates or U can quickly and revisions method of traditional publishing easily be require a new Analyze website visitor data and optimize updated and print run. content accordingly revised. Collect market research data Longevity ublishers can P hysical books P remove access and materials DIGITAL MEDIA VS. PRINT MEDIA to content are susceptible unless a third to the elements. party has DIGITAL PRINT backed it up MEDIA EDIA M Cost to Consumers Depending on Physical copies Format Electronic rinted on P p ublishers’ g enerally cost paper monetization more. models, digital Distribution ebsites, email W hysical P content can be newsletters, newsstands, more affordable social media, bookstores, or free app stores libraries roduction P ontent C ame upfront S ❖ E ach time someone posts to Instagram or Cost creation carries costs for Snapchat, publishes a tweet or shares their upfront costs, content thoughts on Medium, they are part of the digital but distribution creation, but costs are much physical publishing game. And they’re doing it in large lower printing and numbers: each day, more than100 million posts distribution on Instagramand spend25.7 hours per month costs are higher on TikTok. than digital. Accessibility I nstant access is S upply chains DIGITAL PUBLISHING EXAMPLES: possible via determine digital devices physical access. with an internet ONLINE NEWSPAPER connection. These newspapers provide access to current igital D roduction and P events, features, sports and more via websites nvironmental E Impact content’s virtual distribution of and dedicated news apps. requirements physical media mean it has a require greater smaller natural resource DIGITAL MAGAZINE s ocial media links — encouraging user mimic the look and feel of traditional print engagement. publications and are typically accessible via 5. Social Media Exposure websites, apps and ereaders. Digital publishers can increase their visibility by ONLINE NEWSLETTERS sharing stories via their social media profiles. An online newsletter conveys news, updates, or For example, the last few years have seen a information to subscribers via email or website. surge in publishers entering TikTok to connect with younger audiences. DIGITAL CATALOG Digital Publishing Models it often contains exclusive interactive features 1. Advertising such as “Shop Now” buttons, allowing readers It remains as the most popular approach to to launch their customer journey content monetization because the barriers to eBOOKS entry are relatively low. Audiences can read digital books on their 2. Subscriptions computers, laptops, eReaders, tablets and The subscription or membership model focuses smartphones. on users who value high-quality, exclusive DIGITAL BROCHURES content and are willing to pay a recurring fee to Digital brochures provide information, visuals access it. Paywalls are vital to making this and details about products, services or strategy work, limiting non-subscribers’ access. organizations. 3. Affiliate Marketing Publishers that send traffic to a business via an DVANTAGES OF DIGITAL A affiliate link will receive a small percentage of PUBLISHING whatever sales the brand gets from those users. 4. Sponsored Content 1. Understanding the Audience This model involves brands paying publishers to igital media publishers can track a wealth of D create and promote content that aligns with the information about their audience that provides brand’s messaging and goals. previously unavailable valuable insights. 5. eCommerce Retailing and eCommerce models are aimed at here are many site performance metrics publishers T consumers interested in purchasing specific should track, including: products and consuming product-related content. Click-through rate (CTR) New vs. returning users Average time on page Scroll depth IMELINE OF DIGITAL T Pages per session PUBLISHING(W EEK 3) 2. Multimedia Integration Digital publishing can insert more visual and 1930s interactive content than traditional methods. S poken Audiobooks appears in Store (The first Digital natives expect to see videos, accessible textbooks, excluding those Braille infographics, GIFs and links to other media in which was invented in 1824). These ‘readies’ their content. constitute the first opportunities a print-disabled 3. Cost Saving individual can access content without the need By eliminating printing and physical distribution of a human narrator. costs, publishers can invest more heavily in Early recordings use an analogue medium to content creation and marketing. record the audio, and set the groundwork for 4. Digital Advertising future projects. Digital advertising supports multimedia elements — such as videos, animations and T he first recordings made for theTalking Books c ontent experiences, immersive reading Program in 1934included sections of the Bible; environments, and even more interactive the Declaration of Independence and other elements are on the horizon. patriotic documents; plays and sonnets by Shakespeare; and fiction by Gladys Hasty The Role of Social Media in Digital Publishing Carroll, E. M. The rise of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and 1971 Instagram has had a profound impact on digital Project Gutenberg was founded as avolunteer publishing. These platforms have become effort to digitize and archive cultural works, essential distribution channels, allowing to “encourage the creation and distribution of publishers to reach vast audiences and engage e-books”. Currently over 50,000 e-books are with readers in real-time. digitized. Benefits: Project Gutenberg was thefirst provider of free Instant Feedback, Viral Potential, and Targeted electronic of free books, or electronic eBooks. Distribution Michael Hart, founder of project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and his memory continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and EBSITE NAVIGATION W related content today. (WEEK 4-5) 1985 G ood website navigation is an essential The Voyager Company pioneers ‘expanded website feature. And I’m not just saying books’ on CD-ROMs. that — there's research to back it up. The Voyager Company was founded by four Website Navigation According to a partners:Jon Turrel, Bill Becker, Aleen Stein, study byTop Design Firms,38%of and Robert Steinin Santa Monica California consumers look at a page's navigational and later moved to New York City. links and layout when looking at a site The Firm took its name from theVoyager for the first time. spacecraft. In partnership withJanus Films,the WEBSITE NAVIGATION company published TheCriterion Collection,a Website navigation is acollection of user pioneering home video collection of classic and interface components that allows visitors to important contemporary films onLaserDisc. find content and features on a site.These 1998 components can be in the form of copy, link text The launch ofRocket eBook and SoftBook and buttons, and menus begins the era of dedicated e-book readers. WEBSITE NAVIGATION MENU These e-books help to establish the standards for A website navigation menu is anorganized list EPUBlications, even though they lacked many of links to other web pages, usually internal of today's accessibility features. site pages. Navigation menus appear in page 2000 headers or sidebars across a website, allowing TheInternational Digital Publishing Forum visitors to access the most useful pages quickly (IDPF)is created to involve all stakeholders in ❖ Rosenfeld and Morville’s Information electronic publishing and find agreement on Architecture Iceberg digital publishing guidelines. Thetech book continues its steady movement onwardsas the big tech companies release their own readers:Apple, Sony, Amazon,and Googleare among those competitors. Looking ahead the future of Digital publishing With the advancement in AI, augmented reality, and virtual reality, the future of Digital Publishing looks promising.Personalized SUB-NAVIGATION MENU a nd sort them into groups that they think Sub-navigation, or local navigation, is the are appropriate interface where your site visitors can locate 2. Attribution Report lower-level categories of a site's IA. These are Attribution reports show you thepaths usually subcategories of the main navigation customers take to complete links. conversions and provide insightsinto how your different advertising efforts TYPES OF WEBSITE NAVIGATION work together to create conversions. 1. Horizontal Navigation Bar 3. Users Flow A horizontal website navigation bar is a In Google's own words: “The Users list of links at the top of each page. It Flow report is agraphical may be above, below, to the left, or the representation of the paths users took right of the header or logo, but it is through your site, from the source, always placed before the main content through the various pages, and where of the page and is consistent on every along their paths they exited your site. page (Trevellyan, 2020) 4. Object-Based 2. Vertical Navigation Bar An object is a collection of properties, A vertical navigation bar is alist of and a property is an association between links on the left or right side of each a name (or key) and a value.A page(Trevellyan, 2020) property's value can be a function, in 3. Dropdown Navigation Menu which case the property is known as a A dropdown menu is alist of options method. that is revealed only when a user 5. Action-Based interacts with the menu, either by Action-oriented navigations may be a clicking it or hovering over it with their better fit for other sites. To know when cursor this is appropriate, ask your audience 4. Hamburger Navigation Menu whether they primarily come to your A hamburger icon is a navigational tool website tolearn about something or to whose purpose is to hide a menu and take a specific action. reveal it when a user clicks, taps or 6. Audience-Based touches the icon. At that point, the Audience based navigation is a way of hidden menu slides out from the side of grouping pages by the type of user. You the screen, presenting a set of options try to figure out which pages and topics for future action. are relevant to the specific user group or 5. Footer Navigation Menu audience, thengroup all these pages Footer navigation (also sometimes together and label the group. called secondary navigation) often includes importantinfo that isn't Search Engine Optimized necessarily your site's main focus, Search engine optimization (SEO) is the such as terms and conditions, social practice of orienting your website to rank media links, and company info higheron a search engine results page (SERP) so that you receive more traffic. WEBSITE NAVIGATION BAR DESIGN Website Navigation Best Practices 1. Card Sorting 1. Be Consistent. is atechnique that involves asking 2. Design for every screen size. users to organize information into 3. Make the most important information accessible. logical groups. Users are given a series 4. Add breadcrumbs. of labeled cards and asked to organize HE ROLE OF SOUND DESIGN IN T reviewed, comped (downloaded files p containing a sonic watermark), and MOTION DESIGN(WEEK 7-8) purchased when the final selection is made. SOUND DESIGN ❖ A PARTIAL LIST OF MUSIC SOURCES Sound design is thecraft of creating an overall ❖ Adobe Stock, Premium Beat, Envato (including sonic palette for a piece of art, especially free media), Videvo (free media), Free Music media like film, TV shows, live theater, Archive (Free Media), Mixkit (Free Media), commercials, and podcasts. Free Sound (Free Media). It can alsoapply to multimedia visual art forms(video art) and even music recordings that 5. PODCAST incorporate ambient sounds or sound effects As a purely sound-based storytelling Sound design can help tocreate a more medium, podcasts require careful immersive experience for the viewer (and attention to sound design. listener),creating an aura that draws them into This particularly applies to narrative the world of the motion design project and podcasts, where the right sonic textures enhances the emotional impact of the visuals. can transport a listener into the world of the story IX APPLICATIONS FOR SOUND DESIGN S 6. LIVE THEATER Sound design can pop up in many forms of art, but it’s Sound designers make immense particularly essential to six specific types of media. contributions to live theater. 1. FILM Theater sound design may include Film sound design mostly involves sound effects, prerecorded voice over, creating sounds that mimic real life. and music coming from an onstage Film sound designers rarely compose radio or television. original underscore; most movies have a In live theater, sound designers also separate composer for that portion oversee sound mixing and 2. TELEVISION reinforcement, which is particularly The duties of a TV sound designer are necessary when staging musical pretty close to those of a film sound productions. designer. ❖ Narration describes aspects of a story being As a result, a TV sound designer might told. design a core template for scenes shot in those locations so they can create HAT DOES SOUND DESIGNER DO? W consistency from one episode to the next In most cases, the creative sound design on a film or TV 3. ADVERTISING project is overseen by a professional sound designer. If you listen closely, you can hear all This specialist is part of a project’s design team, along kinds of sound effects in TV and radio with a director, a production designer, a lighting commercials. designer, and other design roles. The goal of most commercial sound 1. RECORDING design is to blend in without being A sound designermay be the one to distracting record sounds for use in a production. 4. MUSIC These can be studio recordings or field You can find examples of sound design recordings, where the designer brings a in music recordings, particularly when recording kit to an outside location. you delve intothe works of 2. MIXING avant-garde composers. Sound designersmix audio in two Probably the most common sonic ways. Nearly all create studio mixes of addition. Typically, stock audio files are sound design palettes and individual c ues beforehand that are played during a SIX ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN production. 1. VOICE-OVER In live theater, a sound designer (or a Voice-over ispre-recorded audio, crew member supervised by the typically provided by one of the actors designer) may be in charge of mixing all in a production. It canserve as a audio elements of a show live, including narration or come from an off-stage music cues, sound effects, and the (or offscreen) character. In many actors’ microphones productions, the sound designer is in 3. SAMPLING charge of recording and editing Sampling is theart of taking an voice-over audio. individual sound and allowing it to be 2. AMBIANCE triggered by an outside device. Ambiance describes the sonic tapestries For example, a sound designer could created by a sound designer to create a sample a car horn by recording the sense of time and place. Ambient sound sound of a car horn and then designcontains all the real-life sounds programming it into a MIDI sequence so of a setting in order to transport an the car horn sounds every time they audience to any sort of location, from strike a certain key on a MIDI keyboard. a medieval castle to a present-day train 4. MODIFYING EFFECTS CHAIN station to a futuristic space capsule. Sometimes a sound designer processes 3. FOLEY SOUNDS audio recordings using different types of Foley involvesusing physical objects effects. These effects include audio to create sound effects, such as using a equalization (EQ), compression, reverb, pair of coconut shells to mimic the delay, distortion, phasing, flanging, sound of galloping horses. Foley artists vibrato, and ring modulation. played a huge role in sound design A sound designer works tocreate an during the Golden Age of Radio. Today, effects chain that manipulates raw most sound designers use pre-recorded recordings in just the right way to digital sound libraries, but a small mimic the soundthey might be hearing number of Foley artists still work in in their head. film, television, radio, and live theater. 5. SOUND EDITING 4. AUDIO EFFECTS Sound editing describes theentire Audio effects consist ofvarious sounds process of editing audio. Mixing, related to specific objects— like a sampling, creating sound effects, ringing telephone, a firing gun, or a splicing, and manipulating audio all fall revving motorcycle. They can also under the umbrella of sound editing. describe standalone audio cues that layer 6. UNDERSCORE on top of ambient soundscapes. In podcasting and live theater,sound 5. MUSIC designers often contribute original Sound design often involves music — underscore and incidental music, in both pre-existing music licensed for a addition to handling sound effects and production and original music created microphone mixes. specifically for the project. This music In filmed entertainment such as movies, can appear in a film or theater scene as TV, and televised ads, the design team sound heard by the characters, such as typically includes a separate composer music from a radio or a song a character whose entire job is to compose original sings. music. 6. LIVE MICROPHONE In live theater productions, a sound designer isoften in charge of sound reinforcement, which involves miking actors and projecting their voices through a theater’s speakers. The designer might mix live microphones themselves or they might hire a soundboard operator to handle the live sound mixing. BENEFITS OF USING SOUND DESIGN 1. CREATES ATMOSPHERE create a sense of place, time, and mood — the sound of rain can create a sense of calm, while the sound of thunder can create a sense of danger. 2. ENHANCE ENGAGEMENT maintain the viewer's attention and make the project more enjoyable to watch — a ticking clock can create an atmosphere of urgency, while a laugh track creates the context of humor. 3. SUPPORTS THE STORY add depth and meaning — a character's footsteps can create a sense of suspense, while a character's voice can reveal their emotions.
