Psychology & Organizational Behavior Revision PDF

Psychology & Organizational Behavior Revision Sheet Session 1: Obedience, Conformity, and Social Roles 1. Obedience: - Milgram's Experiment: Demonstrated how people follow authority even when it conflicts with personal morals. - Setup: A professor asks questions; if wrong, shocks are administer...

Psychology & Organizational Behavior Revision Sheet Session 1: Obedience, Conformity, and Social Roles 1. Obedience: - Milgram's Experiment: Demonstrated how people follow authority even when it conflicts with personal morals. - Setup: A professor asks questions; if wrong, shocks are administered to the participant. 2. Conformity: - Asch's Experiment: Studied how individuals conform to group pressure. - Setup: A group with actors gives wrong answers to see if the volunteer conforms to them. 3. Social Roles: - Zimbardo's Prison Experiment: Highlighted how people conform to assigned roles (prisoner or guard), showing the influence of social roles on behavior. Session 2: Individual Differences 1. Self-Esteem: - Self-esteem influences social interactions and acceptance. The better you know yourself, the higher your self-esteem. 2. Life Positions: - (++): Joy/Happiness - (+ -): Anger - (- +): Fear - (- -): Sadness/Depression 3. Ingroup vs. Outgroup: - Ingroup: People you feel closely connected to, trust more. - Outgroup: People you see as different from yourself, leading to less trust. - This influences discrimination, either direct or indirect (e.g., favoring your ingroup). 4. Implicit Association Test (IAT): - A psychological tool measuring unconscious biases based on word/image associations. Session 4: Attitudes, Biases & Motivation 1. Attitudes: - Cognitive: Beliefs related to the attitude. - Affective: Emotional component of an attitude. - Behavioral: How a person intends to behave toward the object of the attitude. 2. Life Positions: - I'm OK - You're OK (++): Healthy mindset, fosters respect and positive communication. - I'm OK - You're Not OK (+ -): Superiority complex, leads to conflict. - I'm Not OK - You're OK (- +): Inferiority complex, leads to dependency. - I'm Not OK - You're Not OK (- -): Negative mindset, disengagement. 3. Biases & Attributions: - Fundamental Attribution Error: Tendency to blame people instead of external factors. - Self-Serving Bias: Success is attributed to internal factors, while failures are blamed on external factors. 4. Motivation Theories: - Dan Pink's Motivation Theory: Focus on autonomy, mastery, and purpose for intrinsic motivation. - Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Reinforcement Theory: Explain how needs and consequences drive behavior. - McClelland's Theory of Needs: Focuses on achievement, power, and affiliation as motivational drivers.