Metabolic Syndrome PDF

15/09/2023 Mertabolic Syndrom 1 Definitión • Metabolic Syndrome : • A group of conditions that together increase the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, Stroke, and stroke. • Obesity + Insulin resistance + Hypertension + Hyperlipidaemia • Precursor of Type 2 Diabetes in 75% of cases. 2 1...

15/09/2023 Mertabolic Syndrom 1 Definitión • Metabolic Syndrome : • A group of conditions that together increase the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, Stroke, and stroke. • Obesity + Insulin resistance + Hypertension + Hyperlipidaemia • Precursor of Type 2 Diabetes in 75% of cases. 2 1 15/09/2023 3 Clinic values Abdominal girth> 94 cms (H) y> 80 cms (M) Triglicerids : > 1,7 mmol/l HDL :< 1.2 mmol/l Systolic pres : > 130 mm Hg Dyastolic Pres :> 85 mmHG Fasting blood glucose > 5,5 mmol/l 4 2 15/09/2023 Prevalencia 2015 2022 5 6 3 15/09/2023 Risk factors • Age > 40 years • Sex - Female x 3 • Family history • Type 2 diabetes • Hypertension • Abnormal cholesterol levels • Coronary heart disease • Polycystic ovarian syndrome 7 Risk factors • Ethnicity - Mexican American (32%) Caucasian (24%) and African American (22%). • Physical inactivity • Poor diet - Diet high in calories, sugar, saturated fat, and starchy foods. • Smoking 8 4 15/09/2023 Criterios Diagnósticos 2021 9 Secondary Signs Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is very high (>60%). Aggravates metabolic cardiovascular risk attributed to obesity and metabolic syndrome. 10 5 15/09/2023 ACANTOSIS NIGRICANS Areas of dark, thickened skin in the folds and creases of the body. Usually affects the armpits, groin and neck. PSORIASIS 11 When is it time to seek medical advice? • The presence of one feature of metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or an appleshaped body, increases the risk. • It is important to talk with your doctor about testing for other components of the syndrome and developing a plan to avoid serious diseases. 12 6 15/09/2023 Prevention • Commit to a healthy diet o A healthy diet includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, choosing lean cuts of white meat and fish over red meat, avoiding processed or deep-fried dinners, and eliminating table salt by experimenting with other herbs and spices. • Get moving o It is important to stay active. Get at least 30 minutes of moderately strenuous activity on most days of the week is recommended. • Schedule regular check-ups o This includes assessing blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels annually. Early detection of problems can help with formulating lifestyle modifications. 13 Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome • Waist Circumference o Greater than 35 inches in women and 40 inches in men (abdominal obesity) • Triglyceride o Levels of 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or higher • Blood Pressure o 130/85 millimeters of mercury or higher • Fasting blood glucose o Level of 110 mg/dl or higher • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) o Lower than 50 mg/dl in women and 40 mg/dl for men 14 7 15/09/2023 Treatment • The underlying insulin resistant state is the primary target of therapy. • The primary goal of treatment is to prevent: o Type 2 diabetes o Heart attack o Stroke 15 Treatment • To reduce insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals, the preferred method is an aggressive regimen of self-care strategies focusing on diet and exercise. • It is common for your doctor to routinely monitor the following to ensure that lifestyle modifications are working: o Weight o Blood glucose o Cholesterol o Blood pressure 16 8 15/09/2023 Self-care • Lose weight o Losing as little as 5 to 10% of your body weight can reduce insulin levels and high blood pressure, thus reducing your risk of diabetes. • Exercise o Walking just 30 minutes a day or engaging in other aerobic activities can help prevent the serious diseases associated with MS. • Stop smoking o Smoking cigarettes increases insulin resistance and worsens health consequences associated with MS. • Eat fiber-rich foods o Whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables are high in dietary fiber. 17 9