MELC-4_Students-copy-_G11_Gen.Biology1_Qtr1_BTISLA (1).pdf

G11(SHS)STEM_GENERAL Page _1 BIOLOGY 1_ QUARTER 1_MELC 4 What I Need to Know? MELC: Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each Objectives: At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to: 1....

G11(SHS)STEM_GENERAL Page _1 BIOLOGY 1_ QUARTER 1_MELC 4 What I Need to Know? MELC: Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each Objectives: At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to: 1. Identify the different cell types of plant and animal tissues 2. Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each 3. Recognize the coordinated functions of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in maintaining the life of an organism What I Know?  Activity 1 Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet. 1. Plants and animals have levels of organization that build on each other. Which statement is TRUE regarding each specific level of organization? I. An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job. II. An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job III. A living tissue is made from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job IV. Cells are the smallest structural units of living matter and compose all living things. A. I only B. II & III only C. I, II, & III only D. I, II, III & IV 2. The plant body is composed of several types of tissues that perform specific functions. Which groups/types of tissues do not belong to the same group? A. collenchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma B. embryonic, epidermis and periderm C. ground meristem, procambium, and procambium D. phloem and xylem 3. What are apical meristematic tissues? They _________________________. I. are region of cells capable of division and growth in the root and shoot tips in plants II. are tissues typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled, unspecialized in structure, and are actively involved in photosynthesis, secretion, food storage, and other activities of plant life III. give rise to the primary plant body and are responsible for the extension of the roots and shoots IV. give rise to protoderm, ground meristem and procambium A. I & II only B. I, II & III only C. I, II, & IV only D. I, III, & IV only G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |2 4. Which simple non-meristematic tissues are the most common cell types found in highly developed plants and are the site of photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis? A. collenchyma B. parenchyma C. sclerenchyma D. xylem 5. Which plant tissues are also regarded as mature or differentiated tissues? A. apical meristem C. non-meristematic B. ground meristem D. procambium 6. Which plant tissues transport water and dissolved substances from the roots to the stems and leaves? A. collenchyma B. phloem C. sclerenchyma D. xylem 7. Which plant tissues are responsible for the distribution of food from the leaves to all parts of a plant? A. collenchyma B. phloem C. sclerenchyma D. xylem 8. What are the major types of tissues found in multicellular animals? A. connective, epithelial, muscular and nervous tissues B. blood, bone, cartilage and connective tissues C. compound and simple epithelial tissues D. cardiac, skeletal and visceral tissues 9. Which tissues cover the outermost part of multicellular animals? They can also be found lining the walls of the digestive and respiratory tubes. A. connective B. epithelial C. muscular D. nervous 10. Which tissues are responsible for the reception and conduction of impulses in our body? A. connective B. epithelial C. muscular D. nervous 11. Which type of involuntary muscle tissue is found in the human heart? A. associative B. cardiac C. skeletal D. visceral 12. Which type of neuron links the sensory and motor neurons? A. associative B. cardiac C. motor D. cardiac 13. Why are connective tissues very important to multicellular animals? They _____________________________. A. bind the skin to the muscles B. bind, connect, and pack body parts together C. may function for excretion and secretion D. provide support and strength to the body 14. Which statement/s is/ are TRUE about nervous tissues? I. Motor neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system. A. B. I only B. I & II only C. I, II, III only D. I, II, III & IV 15. What is the difference between meristematic and permanent tissues? A. Meristematic tissues are capable of cell division while permanent tissues lost power of cell division. B. Meristematic tissues have attained definite form and size are while permanent tissues have not yet attained definite form and size. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |3 C. Permanent tissues have dense and abundant cytoplasm while meristematic tissues have thin layer of cytoplasm around vacuole (if living). D. Permanent tissues are always living while meristematic tissues may be living or dead. Lesson Different Cell Types (of Plant/Animal Tissues) 4 and Their Functions Unicellular Vs. Multicellular Organisms How does a unicellular organism differ from a multicellular organism? Unicellular organisms, such as bacterium, paramecium, and amoeba perform the life functions by themselves. These organisms can survive on their own as they can ingest, absorb, and digest food. They use their own energy for their own reproduction, growth, and development. In multicellular organisms, individual cells perform specific functions but cannot do much on their own. The cells work together for the benefit organism. Biologist have developed levels of organization to classify and describe the cells within an organism. These levels of organization are arranged from the simplest to the most complex.  What’s In?  Which is WHICH? Directions: Read each statement and determine what is being asked. Choose your answers from the word box. Write the correct word/term/s on your answer sheet. Note: Some term/s are used twice/thrice. WORD BOX 1. Biologist have developed levels of organization to classify and describe the cells within an organism. These levels of organization are arranged from the simplest to the most complex. These are: __________, __________, _____________, ________________, ___________ 2. These are referred to as the basic units of structure and function in living organisms. ______________ G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |4 3. What are some examples of cells found in animals? ______________, ______________, ______________, ______________ 4. What are some examples of cells found in plants? ____________, _______________, ________________, _________________ 5. How do you call the level of organization in multicellular organisms consisting of a group of structurally and functionally similar cells and their intercellular material? ___________  What’s New? Directions: Determine whether each statement pertains to ANIMAL or PLANT TISSUEs. Write it on your answer sheet. __________1. All organs in the body are lined with a group of tissues called epithelial tissues. __________2. Contain tissues that are made up of specialized cells called nerve cells (neurons). They conduct and transmit electrochemical impulses between neurons. __________3. Contain tissues that help in movement by contraction and relaxation of muscles. __________ 4. They are basically divided into two: Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue. ___________5. Contain simple permanent tissues which are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma and also have complex tissues like xylem and phloem. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |5  What Is It?  What are TWO MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS of PLANT TISSUES?  What are the several types of plant tissues under these two major classifications?  What specific function/s does/do each type of plant tissues perform?  What are the four major tissues of animals?  What specific functions do these animal tissues perform?  PLANT TISSUES The plant body is composed of several types of tissues that perform specific functions. These include: A. Meristematic or Embryonic Tissues B. Non-meristematic or Permanent Tissues 1. Simple Non-meristematic Tissues a. Surface tissues (Epidermis and periderm) b. Fundamental tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) 2. Complex non-meristematic tissues a. Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem A. Meristematic or Embryonic Tissues Meristematic tissues are made of young actively dividing cells. These cells are typically small, six-sided boxlike structures. But as they mature, they assume many different shapes and sizes at the tips of roots and stems. Types of Meristematic Tissues A plant increases in length because of the apical meristems found at or near the tips of the roots or stems. The apical meristems produce three tissues called protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium. Protoderm gives rise to epidermis, the outer protective covering of a plant. The ground meristem produces ground tissues that form the bulk or interior of a plant. What increases the diameter of a plant? The meristem responsible for the increase in the diameter of a plant is the vascular cambium. Vascular cambium runs the length of the roots and stems of most perennial plants (plants good for one or more growing seasons) and herbaceous annuals (plants good for one growing season). Another meristem, cork cambium, forms a thin cylinder that runs the length of the roots and stems. Cork cambium is responsible for producing the outer bark of woody plants. But why don’t grasses increase in diameter and produce bark, too? G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |6 Grasses and other related plants have neither cork cambium nor vascular cambium,but they do have meristems called intercalary meristems. Intercalary meristems are found in the vicinity of the nodes or leaf attachments, which occur at intervals along stems. Figure 1. Location of Meristematic Tissues in a Young Plant G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |7 Figure 2. Longitudinal section of an apical meristem. J.M. Langham Figure 3. Cross and Longitud inal section of Meriste matic Tissues G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |8 Figure 4. Meristematic Tissues at the tip of Root and Stem Figure 5. Intercalary Meristem B. Non-meristematic or Permanent Tissues 1. Simple Non-meristematic Tissues Simple non-meristematic tissues are composed of only one kind of cell. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  Page |9 Examples are parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, secretory tissues, epidermis, and cork. Parenchyma cells are the most cell types found in highly developed plants. They are large, with thin, pliable walls. They assume various shapes and sizes. They tend to have large vacuoles, so they function primarily in food and water storage. Parenchyma cells are the site of photosynthesis, respiration, and protein synthesis. Collenchyma cells have thicker and strong cell walls. They are found beneath the epidermis of most plants. Because of these characteristics, collenchyma cells provide support for the young tissues as well as the mature organs of plants. Sclerenchyma cells have very thick, tough cell walls embedded with lignin, an organic hardening substance. These cells die upon maturity and provide support to the plant. The two types of sclerenchyma cells are sclereids and fibers. Do you feel a slightly gritty texture while eating a pear or a chico? The stony texture of these fruits is due to the presence of sclereids, better known as stone cells. Ropes, strings, canvas and textile goods are produced from fiber plants. Secretory cells are found I various places in plants. They secrete substances, such as nectar, citrus, mint oils, resins, latex, rubber, and mucilage. The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells of all young plant organs. Epidermal cells secrete a fatty substance called cutin. Cutin forms a protective layer called the cuticle, which prevents plants from drying through evaporation. The cuticle serve as barrier against bacteria and other plant diseases. Some plants have hair or trichomes (epidermal hairs) on the epidermis. Squash, for example, has trichomes on the stems and leaves, which protect the plant from plant predators like insects. Cork is one of the tissues that comprise the outermost covering of old stems and old roots of woody dicot plants. Cork cells have cell walls embedded with waxy suberin, which makes them waterproof. Cork protects plant tissues against excessive evaporation. The cork cambium produces a secondary dermal tissue (periderm) that replaces the epidermis along older stems and roots. Figure 6. The three types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants. Parenchyma tissue is composed of thin-walled cells and makes up the photosynthetic tissue in leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of many seeds. Collenchyma cells mainly form supporting tissue and have irregular cell walls. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 10 They are found mainly in the cortex of stems and in leaves. The major function of sclerenchyma is support Unlike collenchyma, mature cells of this tissue are generally dead and have thick walls containing lignin. Their size, shape, and structure vary greatly. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Figure 7. Plant Tissues Figure 8. Staining reveals different cell types in this light micrograph of a wheat (Triticum) root cross section. Sclerenchyma cells of the exodermis and xylem cells stain red, and phloem cells stain blue. Other cell stain black. The stele, or vascular tissue, is the area inside endodermis (indicated by a green ring). Root hairs are visible outside the epidermis. (credit: scale-bar data from Matt Russell) G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 11 2. Complex Non-meristematic Tissues Complex non- meristematic tissues are composed of more than one cell type. The two types of complex tissues are XYLEM and PHLOEM. Xylem transports water and dissolved substances from the roots to the stem and leaves. The kinds of cells found in xylem are vessels, tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma. Vessels are dead, hollow cells that lack end walls. Because they are shorter and much wider than tracheids, water moves through them more rapidly. Vessels are usually found in flowering plants Tracheids are long, slender cells with tapered, overlapping end walls. The cell walls of tracheids are usually pitted and dead upon maturity. Tracheids are usually found in conifers. Xylem fibers are elongated and pointed, with much thicker cell walls. During maturity, they contain no protoplasm. Xylem parenchyma cells are storage cells that are smaller in size than ordinary parenchyma cells. Phloem conducts dissolved organic substances either upward or downward in a plant body. It is composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma. Sieve tubes remain alive and active at maturity. Sieve tubes are the chief conducting cells of the phloem. Their cells do not have nuclei and have less organelles. Companion cells have nuclei and are found adjacent to the sieve tubes. They help the sieve tubes in the conduction of food and they supply proteins for the sieve tubes. Figure 9. Components of Xylem G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 12 Figure 10. Xylem and Phloem (Leaf Section) Figure 11. Elements of Phloem  Animal Tissues The body of animals consists of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Epithelial Tissues These tissues cover the outermost part of the body – the skin. They can also be found lining the walls o the digestive and respiratory tubes. Collecting tubules of the kidneys are also lined with cuboidal epithelial tissues. Some may function for excretion and secretion. Some glands in the skin, like the oil or sebaceous glands, are secretory in function. Epithelial tissues can be classified according to the number of cellular layers. Simple epithelial tissues are composed of a single layer of cells, such as columnar, cuboidal, squamous and ciliated. While complex or compound tissues are composed of two or more layers, such pseudostratified, transitional, stratified and squamous. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 13 Figure 12. Cells of Epithelial Tissue: Simple epithelial tissue is organized as a single layer of cells and stratified epithelial tissue is formed by several layers of cells. Connective Tissues Connective tissues connect, bind, and pack body parts together. Examples are the ligaments, tendons, areolar and adipose tissues found in the body. Tendons connect a muscle to a bone; ligaments connect a bone to another bone; areolar tissues bind the skin to the muscles, while adipose tissues are found beneath the dermis of the skin and may also be found around the other organs of the body. Connective tissues are also responsible for providing support and strength to the body. Support may be in the form of providing food nutrients and gases; and the removal of metabolic wastes from the blood. Strength is provided by the cartilage and bones of the body. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 14 Figure 13. Types of Connective Tissues Muscular Tissues G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 15 Muscular tissues have the ability to contract and relax thus bring about body movement. It also gives shape to the body. It is composed of muscle cells. Generally, muscles are classified according to structure as striated or unstriated. The presence of alternating dark and light bands in the muscles give them a striped appearance. The skeletal and heart muscles have this appearance. In terms of action, muscles are classified as voluntary and involuntary. A muscle is voluntary if it moves only when you want to move it; it is involuntary when the movement is beyond your control. Muscle tissues are generally of three types: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Figure 14. Types of Muscle Tissues Nervous Tissues Nervous tissues are responsible for the reception of stimuli and conduction of impulses in our body. A Neuron, or nerve cell is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. There are three types of neurons found in the nervous tissues: sensory, motor and associative or interneuron. Sensory neurons receive impulses from the different sense organs of the body. They carry impulses toward the spinal cord and brain or the central nervous system. Motor neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system. They usually terminate in muscles or glands of the body. Associative neurons link the sensory neurons to the motor neurons. Figure 15. Types of Neurons G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 16  What’s More? L E T’s Directions: Analyze and study the table. Based on the lecture given, complete the needed information for each type of plant & animal tissue. Key words/terms will do.  TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES & THEIR FUNCTIONs TISSUE TYPE LOCATION DESCRIPTIONs / FUNCTIONs I. Meristematic/ Embryonic Tissues A. A1. A2. A3. B. Lateral B1. B2. C. II. Non-meristematic/ Permanent Tissues A. Simple Non-meristematic Tissues A1. 1.1 1.2 A2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 B. Complex Non-meristematic Tissues B1. 1.1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1.2 2a 2b 2c 2d G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 17  TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES & THEIR FUNCTIONs TISSUE TYPE CHARACTERISTICs FUNCTIONs I. Epithelial Tissues A A1. A2. A3. A4. B B1. B2. B3. II. Connective Tissues A. A1. A2. A3. A4. B. B1. B2. B3. C. D. III. Muscular Tissues A. B. C. IV. Nervous Tissues/ Neurons A. B. C. G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 18  What I Have Learned? I. Fill in the blanks Directions: Supply the missing term/s to make the idea of each statement correct. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1. A human body has _________tissues than a _________________. 2. Epidermal tissues are for _________________ and _______________ of body parts. 3. _______, the basic units of life, comprising the simplest level of organization. 4. _________are groups of similar and specialized cells that perform a similar function in the body. 5. _______are composed of several tissues that perform a specific function. 6. The difference between meristematic and non-meristematic tissues are: ___________________________________________________. 7. Plant tissues are usually tough and rigid when mature, unlike animal tissues, which are usually soft due to the absence of ______________. 8. The _________________produces the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium. 9. The ____________makes fruit stony in texture. 10. The ______________________produces vascular tissues. II. Complete the table of animal tissues shown below: (12 pts.) Tissue Type Location Function Examples 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 19  What I Can Do? REFELECTIVE WRITNG Write a short paragraph why it is essential for a student like you to know and understand the classification/ importance of plant and animal tissues including their specific functions. What have you realized /learned regarding the coordinated functions of cells, tissues organs and organ system in maintaining the life of an organism? Make your answer brief and concise, express your answer in 5-10 sentences only.  Assessment Multiple Choice. Directions: Read andanalyze each statement. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet. 1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts from simple to complex in the body organization of multicellular organisms? A. cells – organs – tissues – organisms – organ system B. cells – organ system – tissues – organism – organ C. cells – tissues – organs – organ system – organism D. tissues – cells – organs – organ system – organism 2. Which of the following are non-meristematic tissues that are composed of thick, strong cell walls found beneath the epidermis of most plant? A. collenchyma B. parenchyma C. secretory cells D. sclerenchyma 3. Which tissues conduct nutrients from the leaves to the different parts of the body? A. companion cells B. phloem C. sieve tubes D. xylem 4. Which of the following is the waxy substance embedded in cork cells and provides the “waterproof” effect in plants? A. cuticle B. epidermis C. suberin D. trichome 5. Which type of animal tissue is used for contraction and body movement? A. connective B. epithelial C. nervous D. muscular 6. Which of the following is NOT an example of an organ? A. blood B. brain C. skin D. stomach G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 20 7. After an accident, a person cannot move his left foot. However, he can feel sensations of pain and pressure in the foot. Which of the following is most likely injured? A. brain B. motor neuron C. sensory neuron D. spinal cord 8. Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue? A. blood B. bone C. cartilage D. skin 9. Which are groups of cells performing a specific function? A. cells B. organism C. organs D. tissues 10. Which are complex structures composed of several tissues with a particular function? A. Cells B. organs C. tissues D. system  Additional Activities: Let’s ORGANIZE ! Graphic Organizer Mind Map Concept Map Let’s Organize!  Objectives: Classify plant and animal tissues  Procedure: 1. Construct or make a concept map/ graphic organizer/ mind map that summarizes the different plant/ animal tissues. (You may refer to the table/s on pages 16-17) 2. Include important links/details/description /functions to make your work more comprehensive.  Materials: - long bond papers/manila paper/cartolina - ruler - pencil/markers - art materials G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 21 Note: See rubric for the evaluation of your output.  Output Evaluation Rubric Criteria Excellent Good Poor Needs Improvement Score (9-10 pts) (7-8 pts) (4-5 pts) (1-3 pts) Organization Well organized Thought- Somewhat Confusing Logical fully organized Contains a format organized Somewhat limited Contain Easy to incoherent number of main follow Contains concepts concepts most of the only a  Contains time few appropriate Contains of the number of most of the main concepts main concepts _____ concepts  Content Linking Linking Linking Difficult to words words are words are follow demonstrate easy to clear but No links superior follow presents conceptual Links are a flawed under- not rationale standing precisely Links are Links are labeled not precisely labeled ______ labelled Design is Design is Design Lacks many Creativity unique expressive lacks design Evidence Has some individuality elements of detailed unique Has few Has minimal pattern or features details additional unique or is not features applications appropriate Has not much attempt to show ______ individuality TOTAL ______  Science Investigation/s:  Is it right to say that xylem is similar to human arteries, and phloem is similar to veins? Why? (Explain your answer in not more than five sentences.) BTISLA G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4  P a g e | 22 G11_STEM/Gen. Biology1_Qtr1_MELC4