medicinal plants lec1.pdf

Medicinal Plants PHG 101 By Dr. Manal M Sabry, Assoc. Professor Exam Marks Date Periodical Quiz 5 25 Oct 2022 Midterm 10 15 Nov 2022 Practical 25 Oral 10 Final 50 Total 100...

Medicinal Plants PHG 101 By Dr. Manal M Sabry, Assoc. Professor Exam Marks Date Periodical Quiz 5 25 Oct 2022 Midterm 10 15 Nov 2022 Practical 25 Oral 10 Final 50 Total 100 2  Lecture 1 Historical background Introduction to pharmacognosy ❑ In the early period, primitive man went in search of food at random, plants or their parts like tubers, fruits, leaves….. ❑ As no harmful effects were observed, he considered them as materials (used as food). ❑ If he observed other effects, they were considered , and according to the actions he used them in treating symptoms or diseases. ❑ If it caused diarrhoea ‫اسهال‬, it was used in case of constipation ‫امساك‬ ❑ as emetic ‫مسبب للقىء‬ ❑ and if it was found poisonous ‫سام‬it was used as arrow poison. 4 ❑ The history of herbal medicine is old as human civilization. ❑ Documents revealed that plants were used medicinally in China, India, Egypt and Greece long before the beginning of the Christian era. 5 ❑ In 1928, penicillin was isolated by William Fleming, and its large scale production began in 1941 ❑ Vinca alkaloids, especially vincristine and vinblastine were isolated and used as anticancer. ❑ Steroid hormones were prepared by partial synthesis from diosgenin (a steroidal saponin) ❑ In 1970 and 1980, many universities canceled the pharmacognosy courses from their curriculum ❑ However, at the beginning of the 21st century, human returns to nature, pharmacognosy has presented a strong vitality and broad prospects. 6 Quality control 7  Pharmacognosy derived from: - meaning drug or poison meaning to acquire knowledge 8 is an applied science which treat medicinally active products derived from natural origin (plant, animal or mineral origin). -Any Substances produced by living cells are called -Synthetic compounds do not occur in nature 9  All extracts Natural source undergo slight (aqueous or Pure chemical modification to improve alcoholic) compounds the solubility, the absorbance or Volatile oils e.g. atropine the bilological activity Gums, resins,… e.g. contraceptive ‫موانع الحمل‬ Sex hormones cortisone 10 - natural substances of , or origin. - possess properties and actions. - have undergone only the processes of (harvest) and 11  4-Clove bud (plant organ) 5-Mentha 1-Cochineal (entire plant) (entire insect) 2-Senna leaf used as natural (plant organ) 3-Talc/chalk red dye (mineral) 6-Cinnamon bark (plant organ) 12  Opium (latex) Beeswax Gum -gelatin (from animals) 13 14 Dr. Manal Sabry 15