Medicinal Plants PHG 101 Lecture Notes PDF

Medicinal Plants PHG 101 By Dr. Manal M Sabry, Assoc. Professor  Medicinal Plants PHG 101 Exam Marks Date Periodical Quiz 1 5 21 October 2024 Quiz 2 10 11 November 2024 Practical - Dusting powders 10...

Medicinal Plants PHG 101 By Dr. Manal M Sabry, Assoc. Professor  Medicinal Plants PHG 101 Exam Marks Date Periodical Quiz 1 5 21 October 2024 Quiz 2 10 11 November 2024 Practical - Dusting powders 10 4 November 2024 - Activity 5 25 november2024 - Attendance 5 - Spots 5 15 December2024 25 Oral 10 Final 50 Total 100 2  Lecture 1 Historical background Introduction to pharmacognosy  Historical background ❑ In the early period, primitive man went in search of food at random, plants or their parts like tubers, fruits, leaves….. ❑ As no harmful effects were observed, he considered them as edible materials (used as food). ❑ If he observed other effects, they were considered inedible, and according to the actions he used them in treating symptoms or diseases. ❑ If it caused diarrhoea ‫اسهال‬, it was used in case of constipation ‫امساك‬ ❑ as emetic ‫مسبب للقىء‬ ❑ and if it was found poisonous ‫ سام‬it was used as arrow poison. 4  Historical background ❑ The history of herbal medicine is old as human civilization. ❑ Documents revealed that plants were used medicinally in China, India, Egypt and Greece long before the beginning of the Christian era. 5  Pharmacognosy from the 20th Century to Now ❑ In 1928, penicillin was isolated by William Fleming, and its large scale production began in 1941 ❑ Vinca alkaloids, especially vincristine and vinblastine were isolated and used as anticancer. ❑ Steroid hormones were prepared by partial synthesis from diosgenin (a steroidal saponin) ❑ In 1970 and 1980, many universities canceled the pharmacognosy courses from their curriculum ❑ However, at the beginning of the 21st century, human returns to nature, pharmacognosy has presented a strong vitality and broad prospects. 6  Identification Analysis PHARMACOGNOSY Preparation of the A.C. Extraction of volatile oil Quality control Final product 7 Introduction to Pharmacognosy Pharmacognosy ( ‫(علم العقاقير‬ derived from: - Pharmakon meaning drug or poison gnosis: meaning to acquire knowledge (the entire knowledge of drugs) 8 Definition of Pharmacognosy is an applied science which treat medicinally active products derived from natural origin (plant, animal or mineral origin). -Any Substances produced by living cells are called Natural products -Synthetic compounds do not occur in nature 9  Natural products Crude drugs Isolated Semisynthetic Galenicals Entire or compound All extracts Natural source undergo slight powdered drug Pure (aqueous or chemical modification to improve compounds alcoholic) the solubility, the absorbance or Volatile oils e.g. atropine the bilological activity Morphine e.g. contraceptive ‫موانع الحمل‬ caffeine Sex hormones cortisone Mentha leaf Curcuma powder Mentha or any plant powder 10 Crude drugs - natural substances of plant, animal or mineral origin. - possess therapeutic properties and pharmacological actions. - have undergone only the processes of collection (harvest) and drying. 11 Examples of crude drugs (raw drugs) 4-Clove bud (plant organ) 5-Mentha 1-Cochineal (entire plant) (entire insect) 2-Senna leaf used as natural (plant organ) 3-Talc/chalk red dye (mineral) 6-Cinnamon bark (plant organ) 12  Unorganized substances derived from plant or animal are not the direct parts of plants and are prepared by some intermediary physical processes, such as incision, drying or extraction with water and do not contain cellular tissue. Plant source Animal source -gelatin Beeswax Opium (latex) Gum Aloe gel 13 Pharmaceutical preparations from Natural origin 14 Choose the correct answer ……………….. Is a crude drug a. Tea extract b. Tea powder c. Tea volatile oil d. Caffeine Cortisone is a ……………………… a. Crude drug b. galenical c. Isolated compound d. Semisynthetic compound 15 Mention an unorganized drug of plant orgin Opium (latex) Gum Aloe gel Mention the name of an animal entire drug 1-Cochineal (entire insect) used as natural red dye 16 Dr. Manal Sabry