Medical terminology first lecture_231001_150102.pdf

INTRODUCTION AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Prepared by Dr / Mostafa Ismail El-Amir Ass. Prof of Medical Microbiology &Immunology What are the modules of the first year First term modules Principles of studying medicine Cell biology and function (Biochemistry+ physiology) Principles of microsco...

INTRODUCTION AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Prepared by Dr / Mostafa Ismail El-Amir Ass. Prof of Medical Microbiology &Immunology What are the modules of the first year First term modules Principles of studying medicine Cell biology and function (Biochemistry+ physiology) Principles of microscopic and macroscopic structures (Anatomy+ Histology) Patient, Physician Professionalism, and ethics What are the modules of the first year Second term modules Infection and Immunity (Microbiology and parasitology) Mechanisms and principles of therapy of diseases (Pathology and Pharmacology) History and Physical Examination Medical Physiology Medical physiology the study of how the human body works Biochemistry explores chemical processes and metabolism of different substances in the human body Anatomy Is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of human body Histology Medical Histology is the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope Pathology Is the study of diseased organs, tissue, and cells Pharmacology pharmacology is the study of how chemical agents, both natural and synthetic (i.e., drugs) affect biological systems. Parasitology the study of three major groups of animals: parasitic protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and those arthropods that directly cause disease or act as vectors of various pathogens. Medical Microbiology and immunology Science that deal with small organisms not seen by the naked eye (bacteriology, virology, and mycology) and the immune reaction against them. Medical Terminology Anatomy of a medical term A prefix:- is a word part added to the beginning of a word to create a new meaning. Root:- Word part that gives the essential meaning of the word. Suffix :-is a word part added to the end of the word Combining vowel:- Single vowel, usually an “O” that is added to the end of the root to make the word easier to pronounce e.g. Gastr o enteritis Anatomy of a medical term Hypo and Hyper A prefix Hypo = Below as Hypothrodism =decrease thyroid hormone secretion A prefix Hyper = Above Examples Combining vowel Medical terms Carcin ----------Cancer Cyst-------------Fluid filled sac Cyte-------------cell Erythro---------red Glyco----------sugar Angio----------vessel Arthro---------joint Medical terms Condro----------cartilage Colo-------------colon Costa---------------rib Cranio ----------related to skull and brain Derma-----------Skin Phlebo---------vein Pyo-------------pus  Ectomy --------Surgical expression mean removal Common medical prefix Prefix Meaning Example Interdigital (between the Inter between fingers ) Ante-natal Ante before relating to the medical care of women when they are expecting a baby Anemia (decease blood An Without hemoglobin) A Without Apnea (without berating) (Anti-inflammatory)- Anti against, opposing antibacterial Common medical prefix Prefix Meaning Example Bradycardia (slow Brady Slow heart rate under 60 beats per minute) Tachycardia (rapid Tachy Rapid heart rate Above 100 beats per minute ) Cholecystitis Chole Bile (inflammation of the gall bladder) Common medical prefix Prefix Meaning Example Endocardium (thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart) Endo Inside Endocarditis ( inflammation of the thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart) Pericardium (is a double-walled sac Peri Arround containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) Dysphagia(painful swallowing) Abnormal or Dyspnea( difficulty breathing or shortness of Dys painful breath) Dysuria(painful urination Common medical prefix (NUMBERS ) Prefix Meaning Example Mono One Uni-cellular organism as bacteria Uni Di Two Dimorphic ( with two different shapes) Bi Tri Three Tri-lobed cell Quadriplegia Qudri Four Paralysis of 4 limbs Penta Five Hexa Six Prefix Meaning Example Large Poly-urea (High amount of urine) Poly amount Polycythemia ( Increased red blood cell Or many number) Small Oligo amount Oligourea (Small amount of urine) Or little  Common medical prefix (Positions ) Prefix Meaning Example Pre Pre-operative Or Before Pro-drug( inactive form of drug need Pro activation to work) Post After Postoperative Retro Back Retrograde  Common medical prefix (Positions ) Prefix Meaning Example Epigateric region (above stomach) Epi Hyperglycemic (High glucose level in Hyper Above blood) Supra Supra –clavicular( above the clavicle ) Super Superior vena cava Sub Sub-costal artery (below the ribs) Hypo Below Hypoglycemic Infra Infra-red Dextro Right Levo Left side Common medical prefix (Positions ) Prefix Meaning Example Ante Anterior Antero (In front of ) vento Posterior Postero (behind) Supra Superior(Above) Infra Inferior(below) HOW you can know the organ? Prefix Meaning Example Nephritis (kidney Inflammation) Nepro kidney Glomerulonephritis( inflammation of the glomeruli) Hepatomegaly (enlargement of liver Hepato Liver size) Hepatitis (liver Inflammation ) Carditis (inflammation of the heart ) Cardio Heart Cardiomegaly (heart enlargement ) HOW you can know the organ? Prefix Meaning Example Entero Intestine Enteritis (inflammation of the intestine) Splenomegaly (Enlargement of the Spleno Spleen spleen) Gasteritis (inflammation in the Gastro Stomach stomach) Opthalmo eye Ophthalmitis (inflammation in the eye) Common medical Suffix Suffix Meaning Example Algia Pain Myalgia ( muscle pain) asthenia Weakness Myasthenia (muscle weakness ) carcinoma Cancer Adenocarcinoma(cancer in gland) excision, surgical Ectomy gastrectomy removal, cut out -Teratogen (Substance or agent that produces or causes substance or malformations) Gen agent that -Carcinogen (substance producing produces or causes cancer)  Common medical Suffix Suffix Meaning Example Itis Inflammation Nephritis, Carditis, Encephalitis separating, Thrombolysis(dissolution of a blood Lysis loosening, clot) dissolution Oid Resemble Nucleoid Hemiparesis (Slight paralysis in half Paresis slight paralysis of the body) abnormal reduction Leukopenia( decease number of Penia in number white blood cells) Hemiplegia ( paralysis in half of the Plegia paralysis body) nourishment, Trophy Hypertrophy development Common medical Suffix Megaly ---------------Enlargement Cardiomegaly The prefix(es) means many. a. Olig b. a-, an c. poly d.eu- The prefix(es) means without or no. a. a-, an b.olig c.dys d.hyper- The prefix pre- means a. After b. around c. before d. during