Medical Terminology Chapter 1.pdf

CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Medical Terminology JEREMAE FERRAREN RELINGADO, RRT CHAPTER CONTENTS Basic Word Structure Word Analysis Word Parts Combining Forms Word Derivations Pronunciation Symbols Abbreviations BASIC WORD STRUCTURE Medical Terminology- Lecture JEREMAE FE...

CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Medical Terminology JEREMAE FERRAREN RELINGADO, RRT CHAPTER CONTENTS Basic Word Structure Word Analysis Word Parts Combining Forms Word Derivations Pronunciation Symbols Abbreviations BASIC WORD STRUCTURE Medical Terminology- Lecture JEREMAE FERRAREN RELINGADO, RRT WORD ANALYSIS An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that can be used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity. HEMATOCRIT is the percentage of red cells in your blood. Normal levels of hematocrit for men range from 41% to 50%. Normal level for women is 36% to 48%. ✓ A suffix is a short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaning. In this lecture suffixes are indicated by a dash before the suffix, such as -itis. ✓ A prefix is a short word part added before a root to modify its meaning. In this lecture prefixes are indicated by a dash after the prefix, such as pre-. Shown diagrammatically: Words are formed from roots, prefixes, and suffixes. COMBINING WORDS When a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a root, a vowel (usually an o) is inserted between the root and the suffix to aid in pronunciation. A combining vowel may be added between a root and a suffix. ▪a root at the beginning of a word—angioedema (angi is a root that means vessel) ▪a root in the middle of a word—encephalic (cephal is a root that means head) ▪a root at the end of a word—scleroderma (derm is a root that means skin) ▪a combination of roots—phototherapy (photo is a root that means light; therapy is a root that means treatment). ✓ Thus, when the suffix -logy, meaning “study of,” is added to the root neur, meaning “nerve or nervous system,” a combining vowel is added: ✓ neur + o + logy = neurology (study of the nervous system) ✓Roots shown with a combining vowel are called combining forms. ✓ In this text, roots are given with their most common combining vowels added after a slash and are referred to simply as roots, as in neur/o. A combining vowel usually is not used if the ending begins with a vowel. ✓ The root neur is combined with the suffix -itis, meaning “inflammation of,” in this way: neur + itis = neuritis (inflammation of a nerve) WORD DERIVATIONS As mentioned, most medical word parts come from Greek (G) and Latin (L).  The coccyx, the tail end of the spine, is named for the cuckoo because it was thought to resemble the cuckoo’s bill PRONUNCIATION  An eponym is a medical term that’s derived from the name of a person, usually the scientist who discovered the corresponding body part or disease. Many procedures and tests are also named after the persons who invented or perfected them. Addison’s disease, a syndrome resulting from insufficient production of hormones from the cortex of the adrenal gland Alzheimer’s disease, a type of irreversible dementia Cushing’s syndrome, a syndrome resulting from the production of excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex Parkinson’s disease, a progressive degeneration of the nervous system that causes weakness, rigidity, and tremors Stokes-Adams syndrome, a heart condition characterized by sudden loss of consciousness. Bartholin’s glands, located in the female perineum Cowper’s glands, located beneath a portion of the male urethra Wernicke’s center, a speech center in the brain. Allen’s test, a test for occlusion of radial or ulnar arteries Belsey Mark IV operation, a procedure to correct gastroesophageal reflux Heimlich maneuver, a technique for removing foreign objects from the airway of a choking victim. Foley catheter is an indwelling urinary catheter Hickman catheter is a central venous catheter inserted for long-term use Malecot catheter is a tube used for gastrostomy feedings Swan-Ganz catheter is threaded into the pulmonary artery. Swan-Ganz Catheterization (also called heart catheterization or pulmonary artery catheterization)  SYMBOL ✓ Symbols are commonly used in case histories as a form of shorthand. Some examples are Ⓛ and Ⓡ for left and right; ↑ and ↓ for increase and decrease. ABBREVIATIONS An acronym is an abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase. Some everyday acronyms are ASAP (as soon as possible) and ATM (automated teller machine). In computerese, RAM stands for “random access memory.”  SUFFIXES Medical Terminology- Lecture JEREMAE FERRAREN RELINGADO, RRT NOUN SUFFIXES WORD ANALYSIS It means study of the stomach and the intestines.  Instrument to visually examine the stomach.  It means pertaining to the stomach. -IC means pertaining to. Words ending with -IC are adjectives that modify a noun (e.g., gastric pain, gastric cancer). It means pertaining to the heart. -IC means pertaining to. Words ending in -AC are adjectives (e.g., cardiac care, cardiac arrest). It means inflammation of the intestines. It means inflammation of stomach and intestines pertaining to below the pertaining to across pertaining to behind stomach. the stomach. the stomach.