Terminology first lect. (Recovered).pdf

‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology Introduction to Medical Terminology INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the course is to help students learn medical te...

‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology Introduction to Medical Terminology INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the course is to help students learn medical terminology so they can effectively communicate ‫ انًشبسكخ ثفؼبنٍخ‬with other members of the health care team. A variety of pedagogical features‫ يٍضاد أو تشثىٌخ‬help them develop a solid foundation ٍٍ‫أعبط يت‬ in medical terminology to broaden ‫ تىعٍغ‬their medical vocabulary. ‫يفشداتهى انطجٍخ‬ Medical Terminology Definition: Is a science that deals ‫ ٌتؼبيم‬with the proper use ‫االعتخذاو‬ ‫ انصحٍح‬of medical terms. It is accurately describing the human body and associated components ‫يحتىٌبته‬, conditions,‫ ظشوف‬processes ‫ ػًهٍبد‬and procedures in a science-based manner. ًً‫ثأعهىة ػه‬ Basic Elements of a Medical Word: The language of medicine is a specialized vocabulary used by health care practitioners. Many current medical word elements originated as early as the 1st century B.C., when Hippocrates practiced medicine. With advancements in medicine, new terms have evolved to reflect these innovations. For example, radiographic terms, such as Magnetic Resonance 1 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US), are now used to describe current diagnostic procedures. This is called (Abbreviations). Abbreviations ‫األختصبس‬: Is a shorthand way to record long and complex medical terms. Example: AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.  Medical Word Elements (Word parts) are: ‫عناصز الكلمة الطبية‬ 1. Word Roots: ‫جذر أو أصل الكلمة‬ A word root is the foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning. All medical terms have at least one word root. Most word roots are derived ٍ‫يشتمخ ي‬from Greek or Latin language. Thus, two different roots may have the same meaning. For example, the Greek word dermatos and the Latin word cutane both refer to the skin. Word roots : Terms standing alone but that may have aprefix added to them Examples: Natal : pertaining to the birth. Table (1) : examples of word roots English Term Greek or Word Root Word Analysis Latin Term* skin dermatos dermat dermat/itis (d˘er-m˘a- (Gr) TI-tıs): inflammation of the skin 2 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology A term that describes a skin disease cutane cutane/ous (sub-ko-TA- ne-˘us): cutis (L) pertaining to the skin A term that describes an anatomical structure kidney nephros (Gr) Nephr nephr/oma (ne˘-FRO - bma˘): tumor of the kidney A term that describes a renes (L) ren kidney Disease ren/al (RE-nal): pertains to the kidney A term that describes an anatomical structure 2. combining form: ‫إظبفخ حشف ػهخ انى آخش جزس أو أصم انكهًخ‬ A combining form is created when a word root is combined with a vowel. The vowel, known as a combining vowel, is usually an o, but sometimes it is (an i. ) The combining vowel has no meaning of its own, 3 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology but enables two word elements to be connected. Like the word root, the combining form is the basic foundation to which other word elements are added to build a complete medical word. A combining form: that usually but not always indicate the part of the body that is involved. Table (2): Examples of Combining Forms Word Root Vowel Combining Meaning Form erythr/ + o = erythr/o red gastr/ + o = gastr/o stomach hepat/ + o = hepat/o liver immun/ + o = immune, immunity, safe immun/o nephr/ + o = nephr/o kidney oste/ + o = oste/o bone 3. Suffixes: ‫اللواحق‬ A suffix is a word element placed at the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word. In the terms tonsill/itis, and tonsill/ectomy, the suffixes are -itis (inflammation) and –ectomy (excision, removal). Changing the suffix changes the meaning of the word. In medical terminology, a suffix usually describes a pathology (disease or 4 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology abnormality), symptom, surgical or diagnostic procedure, or part of speech. Many suffixes are derived from Greek or Latin words. Table (3) : Examples of Suffixes Combining Suffix Medical Word Meaning Form gastr/o + -itis = gastritis inflammation of (stomach) (inflammation) the stomach gastr/o + megaly = enlargement of the (stomach) (enlargement) gastromegaly stomach gastr/o + -oma = gastroma tumor of the (stomach) (tumor) stomach hepat/o + -itis = hepatitis inflammation of the (liver (inflammation) liver hepat/o + -megaly = enlargement of the (liver) (enlargement) hepatomegaly liver hepat/o + oma = hepatoma tumor of the liver (liver) (tumor) 4. prefixes: ‫البادئات‬ A prefix is a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root. However, not all medical terms have a prefix. Adding or changing a prefix changes the meaning of the word. The prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, or negation. Table (4) : Examples of prefixes: 5 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology Prefix +Word Suffix Medical Word Meaning root an- + esthes + -ia = anesthesia condition of (without, (feeling) (condition) not feeling not) hyper- + therm + -ia = hyperthermia condition of (excessive, (heat) (condition) excessive above heat normal) intra- + muscul + -ar =intramuscular pertaining to (in, within) (muscle) (pertaining within to) the muscle para- + nas + al = Paranasal pertaining to (near, (nose) (pertaining (area) beside; to) near the nose beyond) Poly + ur + -ia = polyuria condition of many,much (urine) (condition) much urine Construction of Medical Term ‫التزكيب‬: The way in which medical terms are constructed can be illustrated by the following examples: 1.Prefix, Root and suffix (Pericarditis)‫انتهبة شغبف انمهت‬ 2.Tow roots and a suffix (Osteo-myelitis)ً‫انتهبة انؼظى وانُم‬ 3.Prefix and root (Dyspnea) ‫ػغش انتُفظ‬ 4.Root and suffix (Cystitis) ‫انتهبة انًثبَخ‬ َ ‫َضَ ٌف اال‬ 5.Prefix and suffix (Epistaxis) ‫َف‬ 6 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology The Prefixes: -An –Absence‫ثذوٌ أو غٍبة‬ :  Atrophy:lackof growth‫ظًىس فً انًُى‬  Asymptomatic:Absence of symptoms‫ثذوٌ اػشاض‬  Acyanotic: Absence of cyanosis‫ثذوٌ اصسلبق‬  Anencephaly :Without head‫ثذوٌ سأط‬  Anuria Lack of urine‫ لهخ كًٍخ انجىل‬:  Anemia :loss of blood‫فمش انذو‬  Analgesia: lack of Pain The Prefixes- (A) -separation‫ اَفصبل‬- ‫ثؼٍذ‬ :  Abduction: ‫ ثؼٍذ ػٍ يشكض انجغى‬away from body The Prefixes. (A) toward-near ‫لشٌت‬ :  Adduction: ‫ لشٌت يٍ يشكض انجغى‬Near the body The Prefixes. (A) 7 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology -(o( ‫غذح‬ :  Adenoma ‫ وسو انغذد‬:Enlargement of gland  Adenocarcinoma ًَ‫ وسو انغذد انغشغب‬:Tumors of gland  Adenitis ‫ انتهبثبد انغذد‬: Inflammation of gland The Prefixes. (A) - ‫لجم‬ :  Antepartum ‫ لجم انًٍالد‬:Before Birth  Antenatal: ‫ لجم انىالدح‬Before delivery The Prefixes. (A) - -Contra‫ظذ‬ :  Antiviral ‫ يعبد نهفٍشوعبد‬:Against virus  Antimicrobial: Against Microbe‫يعبد نهًٍكشوثبد‬  Anticonvulsive ‫يعبد نهتشُجبد‬:Against Convulsion  Antibiotic: ‫ يعبد حٍىي‬Against bio 8 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology The Prefixes. (A) -(o) -arterialٌ‫ششٌب‬ :  Arteriosclerosis ٌٍٍ‫تصهت انششا‬:Hardening of arteries  Arteritis: ٌ‫ انتهبة انششٌب‬Inflammation of artery The Prefixes. (A) -(o) ‫يفصم‬ :  Arthritis ‫انتهبة انًفبصم‬:Inflammation of joint  Arthralgia ‫ االو انًفبصم‬:Pain at the joint  Arthrocentesis: Withdrawing fluids from the Joint ٍ‫عحت انغىائم ي‬ ‫انًفصم‬  Arthrotomy: An opening in the joint The Prefixes. (A) -, Audio- ً‫ٌتؼهك ثبألرٌ أو عًؼ‬ :  Auditory ‫ عًغ‬:hearing  Audiology ‫ػهى انغًغ‬ 9 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology The Prefixes. (A) - ‫ٌتؼهك ثبنزاد‬ :  Autoimmune: ً‫ رات‬self immunity The Prefixes-Cont. (B) ٍٍ‫يشت‬ :  bilateral :ٍٍ‫ كال انجبَج‬Both sides The Prefixes-Cont. (B) -decrease‫ثػء أو لهخ‬ :  Bradycardia ‫ ثػء فً خفمبد انمهت‬: slow heart beat  Bradypnea: ‫ ثػء فً ػًهٍخ انتُفظ‬decrease of respiratory rate The Prefixes-Cont. (B) -, broncho- ‫لصجخ أو شؼجخ هىائٍخ‬ : 11 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology  Bronchoscope‫ يُظبس سئىي‬:  Bronchitis: inflammation of bronchi ‫انتهبة انمصجخ انهىائٍخ‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (C) :Carcin (o) cancer‫سزطان‬ :  Carcinoma: ‫ عشغبٌ خجٍث‬Tumor The Prefixes-Cont. (C) -,Cardio- ‫قلب‬ :  cardiomegaly: heart enlargement‫تعخى لهت‬  cardiology: science of heart study The Prefixes-Cont. (C) :Cephal (o) - ‫سأط أو ديبؽ‬ :  Cephalomeningitis: Inflammationof the meninges. “The surrounding membranesthe brain”  ‫” انتهبة انًخ وانغحبٌب انًحٍطخ ثه “األغشٍخ انًحٍطخ ثبنًخ‬ 11 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology The Prefixes-Cont. (C) -o) Meaning:Gall bladder‫يشاسح‬ :  Cholecystolithiasis: stones in the gallbladder‫تحصً انًشاسح‬  Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gall bladder‫انتهبة انًشاسح‬  Cholecystectomy: removal of gall bladder‫اصانخ انًشاسح‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (C) (o) , Colon (-o) ٌ‫لىنى‬ :  Colostomy: an opening in the large intestine ‫فتحخ ثبأليؼبء انغهٍظخ او‬ ٌ‫انمىنى‬  Colonoscopy: scope for the large intestine ‫يُظبس األيؼبء انغهٍظخ او‬ ٌ‫انمىنى‬  Colectomy: removal of parts of large intestine ‫اعتئصبل األيؼبء انغهٍظخ‬ ٌ‫او انمىنى‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (C) ( ‫جًجًخ‬ :  Craniotomy: an opening in the skull‫فتحخ ثبنجًجًخ‬  Cranioplasty: surgical grafting of the skull‫تجًٍم نؼظبو انجًجًخ‬ 12 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology The Prefixes-Cont. (C) ‫اصسلبق‬ :  Cyanosis: bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen ٍٍ‫اصسلبق انجهذ َتٍجخ َمص وصىل األكغج‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (C) ( ‫خهٍخ‬ :  Cytology: science of studying the cell‫ػهى دساعخ انخهٍخ‬  Cytotoxic: poisoning of the cell ‫عًىو انخالٌب‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (C) ‫حىل‬ :  Circumoral: around the mouth The Prefixes-Cont. (D) ٌ‫أعُب‬ : 13 ‫) يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬1( ‫ يحبظشح‬2/ ً‫ انفصم انذساع‬/‫ انًشحهخ االونى‬/ ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط‬ ‫ سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬.‫د‬ 2022-2024 ‫ انغُخ انذساعٍخ‬Medical terminology  Dentology :the science that study teeth  ٌ‫ػهى دساعخ االعُب‬  Dentitis: inflammation of teeth  ٌ‫انتهبة االعُب‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (D) ‫جهذ‬ :  Dermatology :the science that study the skin‫ػهى دساعخ انجهذ‬  Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin‫انتهبة انجهذ‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (D) ٍٍ‫ث‬ :  Diaphragm : between the abdominal cavity and chest cavity ‫انحجبة‬ ‫انحبجض ٌفصم تجىٌف انجطٍ ػٍ تجىٌف انصذس‬ The Prefixes-Cont. (D) Meaning: difficult‫صؼىثخ‬ :  Dyspnea : difficult breathing‫صؼىثخ فً انتُفظ‬  Dysphagia: difficult swallowing‫صؼىثخ االثتالع‬  Dyspepsia: difficult digestion ‫ػغشانهعى‬ 14 ‫جبيؼخ انجٍبٌ –كهٍخ انتًشٌط ‪ /‬انًشحهخ االونى‪ /‬انفصم انذساعً ‪ 2/‬يحبظشح (‪ )1‬يصطهحبد غجٍخ‬ ‫د‪.‬سحٍى ػطٍخ ثذس‬ ‫‪ Medical terminology‬انغُخ انذساعٍخ ‪2022-2024‬‬ ‫وبالشكر تدوم النعم‬ ‫‪15‬‬