Medical Terminology PDF

Hawler medical university College of Medicine Medical Terminology  The students will be able to have a better understanding of different medical terms used to describe different types of signs and symptoms  The students will be able to understand different types of opposi...

Hawler medical university College of Medicine Medical Terminology  The students will be able to have a better understanding of different medical terms used to describe different types of signs and symptoms  The students will be able to understand different types of opposites and their meanings OPPOSITES: BRADY = Slow. Examples: Bradycardia means a slow heart rate. 110/min Tachypnoea means a rapid respiratory rate.  CRYO = Cold Ex.  Cryosurgery uses cold temperature during surgery.  Cryopreservation: Preservation for example of tissues at low temperature.  THERMO = Hot. Examples:  Thermometer is a device used to measure temperature.  A burn is a type of Thermal injury.  Thermal energy… EU = Good, normal, correct Euthyroid state is a state of normal thyroid function. Euphoria is a feeling of well being, happy. MAL= Bad; Examples: Malabsorption is a state of faulty or impaired absorption. Malnutrition is faulty or inadequate nutrition. Malfunction  Malaise is a feeling of being ill.  Malacia is abnormal softening of tissues.  Osteomalacia is abnormal softening of bone in Rickets (in vitamin D deficiency).  NEO = New; Examples:  A neoplasm is a new growth or a tumor.  A neonate is a newborn child.  GERI = Old; Examples:  Geriatrics is the study of diseases of old age.  Geriopsychosis is dementia of old age ‫جنون‬ )‫) الشيخوخة‬. POLY, MULTI = Many, much. Examples: A multiparas woman has many children. A multicellular organism consists of several or many cells. A polypeptide chain consists of chains of linked amino acids. Protein is a polypeptide chain Polymenorrhoea is increased frequency of menstruation. Polyuria is increased frequency of urination. Polyhydramnios increased amniotic fluid  OLIGO = Few, little. Examples:  Oligomenorrhoea is scanty (little) menstruation.  Oliguria is low urine output.  Oligospermia is a low sperm count in semen.  Oligohydramnios decreased amniotic fluid HYPER = High. Examples: Hypertension is increased blood pressure. Hyperglycemia is increased level of blood sugar. Hyperthyroidism is a state of increased thyroid function due to overproduction of thyroid hormones. Hyperpyrexia is a very high body temperature (40 degrees centigrade or more).  HYPO = Low. Examples:  Hypotension is low blood pressure.  Hypothyroidism is a state of low thyroid function due to impaired thyroid hormone production or synthesis.  Hypoglycemia is low glucose level in blood. Hyponatremia …Na+ Calcemia…. Ca++ Kalemia…. K+ Uricemia…. Uric acid NEGATIVES: “A” = not, without. Examples: Aphasia is loss of speech. Achlorohydria is absence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric secretions. Aspermia is absent spermatozoa in semen. Apnea no respiration Anosmia is loss of the smell sensation Amastia is absence of breast tissue  “An” = not, without. Examples:  Analgesia: without pain. Paracetamol is analgesic drug that relieves pain.  Anuria is cessation of urination.  Anaerobic bacteria can live in absence of air or oxygen. “Anti” = Against. Examples: Antibiotic is a drug that inhibits growth or kills bacteria. An antiemetic drug is a drug that stops vomiting. An antipyretic drug that reduces elevated body temperature (against fever). Antibody “Contra” = Against. Examples: Contraception: against pregnancy. Conception=pregnancy Contraindications are conditions that prevent the use of a drug or certain treatment. Indication  “De” = remove, without. Examples:‫سلب‬  Decalcification: removal of calcification.  Decolorization: destaining or removal of colors.  Depigmentation: removal of pigment.  Decompression: removal of pressure. “Dis” = Remove, absence. Examples: Disorder: Loss of order. Disinfection: sterilization. Discoloration is abnormality or loss of normal coloration. Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of skin and mucosa Jaundice: Yellowish discoloration of skin and mucosa (hyperbilirubinemia) Xanthoma: Yellowish spots of lipid (cholestrol)  “Dys” = Difficult.  Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing.  Dyspnoea is difficulty in breathing.  Dysuria is difficulty and pain during urination.  Dysfunction is abnormality of function. “In” = not. Insomnia is sleeplessness. Insufficient is not enough. Inefficient is bad performance. Inaudible: cannot be heard.  “Im” = not. Examples:  Impolite: not nice in behaviour.  Immortal: eternal. Morto=death mortality rate= death rate  Immobilization: prevent movement.  Impermeable: does not allow passage of substances (as of a fluid) across its substance. 