MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY.pdf

MEDICAL TERMS PREFIX – The beginning. ROOT – The middle. SUFFIX – The end. Example: Preschooler Pre - means “ before” Root – “ school” ( a place for teaching or learning) Suffix – “ er ” ( a person or a thing) A – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Mean...

MEDICAL TERMS PREFIX – The beginning. ROOT – The middle. SUFFIX – The end. Example: Preschooler Pre - means “ before” Root – “ school” ( a place for teaching or learning) Suffix – “ er ” ( a person or a thing) A – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) a-, an- without, lack of anuria (lack of urine output) ab- away from abnormal (a structure or process that is not normal) adrenal glands (two small triangular endocrine glands ad- toward, near situated one upon the upper end of each kidney) ambi- both sides ambidextrous (using both hands) ante- before, forward antepartum (an event before labour starts in pregnancy) Antidotes (a therapeutic substance used to counteract the anti- against toxic action(s) of a specific substance) apo- off, away from apophysis (growth or protuberance) autograft (a transplant made using parts of the person’s auto- self own body) B – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefix Meaning Example (Definition) bi- two, both bilateral (occurring on both sides of the body) C – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) Catabolism (the process of breaking down complex cata- downwards chemicals into simple chemicals) congenital (disease or physical abnormality present from birth) con- with, together D – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) de- without depigmentation (without pigment) diplo- double diplopia (double vision) painful, difficult, dys- Dyspnoea (difficulty in breathing) abnormal E – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) ec-, ecto out, outside ectoderm (the outer layer of an early embryo) endoscopy (an examination of the inside of the body endo- within, inside using an endoscope) epi- above epigastric (above the stomach) eu- normal euthyroid (normal thyroid function) ex- outwards exostosis (condition of outward, or projecting, bone) extra- outside of extrapleural (outside the pleural cavity) H – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) hemiplegia (paralysis that is limited to one side of the hemi- half body) heterograft (A transplant from one animal to another of a hetero- different different species) homoplasty (surgery to replace lost tissues by grafting homo- same similar tissues from another person) excessive, too much, hyperplasia (an abnormal increase in the number of cells hyper- above in a tissue.) hypotension (low blood pressure), hypodermic (below the skin) deficient, below I – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) in- inward, not inhalation (to breathe in), infertility (not fertile) Infra- beneath infra-axillary (below the axilla) inter- between intervertebral (between the vertebrae) intra- within intramuscular (into the muscle) J – Prefix used in medical terms Prefix Meaning Example (Definition) juxta- near juxta-articular (near a joint) M – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) macro- large macroglossia (an abnormally large tongue) mal- bad, abnormal malformation (abnormally formed) mega- great, large megacolon (enlarged colon) metaplasia (a change of one tissue to another), metastasis (the spreading of a malignant disease to meta- change, beyond distant parts of the body through the bloodstream or the lymph system) micro- small microtia (having small ears) mono- one monochromatic (having only one colour) morphology (study of the form and structure of morph(o)- shape organisms) Multigravida (a pregnant woman who has had more than multi- many one pregnancy) N– Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) neo- new neonatal (pertaining to the first month of life.) nulli- none nullipara (a woman who has never borne a child) O – Prefix used in medical terms Prefix Meaning Example (Definition) olig(o)- scanty, little oliguria (an abnormally low excretion of urine) P – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) panacea (a medicine which is supposed to cure pan- all everything) beside, abnormal paranasal (beside the nose), paraesthesia (abnormal or Par(a)- an unexplained tingling sensation) per- through percutaneous (through the skin) peri- surrounding periosteum (membrane surrounding a bone) pico- one-trillionth picornavirus (extremely small RNA virus) poly- many, much polyuria (production of excessive amounts of urine) post- after postpartum (after childbirth) precancer (a growth or cell which is not malignant but pre- before which may become cancerous) pseudocyesis (spurious or false pregnancy) pseudo- false Q – Prefix used in medical terms Prefix Meaning Example (Definition) quadriplegia (paralysis of the four limbs of the body) quadri- four R – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) reinfection (infection of an area for another time after re- again recovery, especially with the same microorganism) retrograde (going backwards or deteriorating), retr(o)- backward, behind retroperitoneal (at the back of the peritoneum) S – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) semicomatose (almost unconscious or half asleep, but semi- Partial, half capable of being woken up) sub- under, less than subcutaneous (under the skin) super- above supercilia (the eyebrow) supra- above, upon suprarenal (above the kidneys syndrome (a group of symptoms occurring together syn- with, together regularly, and thus constituting a disease to which some particular name is given) T – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) tetraplegia (paralysis of the body’s four limbs, also tetra- four called quadriplegia.) transdermal (entering through the skin), transurethral trans- through, across (across the urethra) U – Prefixes used in medical terms Prefixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) un- not unconscious (not conscious) uni- one unilateral (affecting one side of the body only) Medical Root Words The root of a word is the foundation of a medical term and provides the general meaning of the word. It can be a whole word or part of a word. Medical root words come from many different languages (e.g., Greek, Latin, Arabic, French, and German) and find their way into English. Some commonly used medical root words in their combining form, their meaning, and examples are listed below. A – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) abdominoscopy (an internal examination of the abdomin(o)- abdomen abdomen, usually with an endoscope) acou- hearing acoustics (the science of sounds) acrocyanosis (a blue coloration of the extremities, i.e. acr(o)- extremity, peak the fingers, toes, ears and nose, which is due to poor circulation) aden(o)- gland adenocarcinoma (a malignant tumour of a gland) adiposis (a state where too much fat is accumulated in adipo- fat the body) andr(o)- male androsterone (one of the male sex hormones) angi(o)- blood vessel angiosarcoma (a malignant tumour in a blood vessel) ankylosis (a condition in which the bones of a joint fuse ankyl crooked, fusion together) arteri(o)- arteries arteriopathy (a disease of an artery) arthroplasty (a surgical operation to repair or replace a arthr(o)- joint joint) B – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) bili bile biliuria (the presence of bile in the urine) bi(o)- life biocide (a substance which kills living organisms) blastocyst (an early stage in the development of an blast- or -blast embryonic state embryo) blephar(o)- eyelid blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid) brachialis muscle (a muscle that causes the elbow to brachi(o)- arm bend) brady- slow bradypnoea (unusually slow breathing) C – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) calc(i) heel calcaneus (the heel bone situated underneath the talus) carcinogen (a substance which produces a carcinoma or carcin(o)- cancer cancer) cardi(o)- heart cardiopathy (any kind of heart disease) caud- tail caudal (toward the tail) cephal(o)- head cephalalgia (pain in the head) cerebr(o)- cerebrum cerebrospinal (referring to the brain and the spinal cord) chem(o)- chemical chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals) cholecystitis (acute or chronic inflammation of the chol(e)- bile gallbladder, causing severe abdominal pain) chondr(o)- cartilage chondritis (inflammation of a cartilage) col(i)(o)- colon colitis (inflammation of the colon) costalgia (pain around the chest due to damage to a rib cost(o)- rib or to one of the intercostal nerves beneath the ribs) cut- skin cutaneous (relating to the skin) cyanosis (a bluish coloration of the skin or mucous cyan(o)- blue membranes due to too much deoxygenated haemoglobin in the blood) cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder, which cyst(i)(o)- bladder makes someone pass water often and with a burning sensation) cyt(o)- cell cytodiagnosis (diagnosis after examination of cells) D – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) derm- or -derm skin dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) dors(i)(o)- back dorsum (the back of any part of the body) E – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) encephal(o)- brain encephaloma (a tumour of the brain)  enterocolitis (inflammation of the colon and small enter(o)- intestine intestine) erythr(o)- red erythrocytes (a mature red blood cell) F – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) fasci- bundle fasciae (bundles of muscle fibers) febrile (feverish or related to fever, as in febrile febri- fever convulsions) filariasis (a tropical disease caused by parasitic fil- threadlike threadworms in the lymph system, transmitted by mosquito bites) G – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) galact(o)- milk galactorrhoea (the excessive production of milk) gastro- stomach gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) ger(o)- or aging gerontology (study of aging) geront(o)- gloss(o)(a)- tongue glossitis (inflammation of the surface of the tongue) H – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) haeme(a)(o)- haematology (the scientific study of blood, its formation blood or haemato- and its diseases) hepatitis (inflammation of the liver through disease or hepat(o)- liver drugs) histogenesis (the formation and development of tissue hist(i)(o)- tissue from the embryological germ layer) hydro- water hydrorrhoea (a discharge of watery fluid) hysterotomy (a surgical incision into the uterus, as in hyster(o)- uterus caesarean section or for some types of abortion) I – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions)  ileostomy (a surgical operation to make an opening ile(o)- ileum between the ileum and the abdominal wall to act as an artificial opening for excretion of faeces) ischi(o)- hip ischiopubic (pertaining to the ischium and pubes) J – Medical Root Words Root Meaning Example (Definition) jejunectomy (a surgical operation to cut into the jejun(o)- jejunum jejunum) K– Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) keratoma (a hard-thickened growth due to hypertrophy kerat(o)- horny tissue, cornea of the horny zone of the skin) kinesiology (the study of human movements, particularly with kine(t)(o)- movement regard to their use in treatment) L – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) labioplasty (a surgical operation to repair damaged or labio- lips, labia deformed lips) lact(o)- milk lactose (a type of sugar found in milk) laryngology (the study of diseases of the larynx, throat laryng(o)- larynx and vocal cords) leukocytes (a white blood cell which contains a nucleus but leuk(o)- white has no haemoglobin) lip(o)- fat lipoma (a benign tumour formed of fatty tissue) litholapaxy (the evacuation of pieces of a stone in the lith(o)- stone bladder after crushing it with a lithotrite) M – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) mammoplasty (plastic surgery to alter the shape or size mamm(o)- breast of the breasts) mast(o)- breast mastectomy (the surgical removal of a breast) melan(o)- black melanoma (a tumour formed of dark pigmented cells) meno- menses menorrhagia (very heavy bleeding during menstruation) myocele (a condition in which a muscle pushes through my(o)- muscle a gap in the surrounding membrane) mycosis (any disease caused by a fungus, e.g. athlete’s myc(o)- fungus foot) bone marrow, myelocyte (a cell in bone marrow which develops into a myel(o)- spinal cord granulocyte) myxoma (a benign tumour of mucous tissue, usually myx mucus found in subcutaneous tissue of the limbs and neck) N– Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) nasosinusitis (a condition in which the nose and sinuses nas(o)- nose swell up) nephrolithiasis (a condition in which stones form in the nephr(o)- kidney kidney) nerve or nervous neurohormone (a hormone produced in some nerve cells neur(o)- system and secreted from the nerve endings) O – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) oculoplethysmography (measurement of the pressure ocul(o)- eye inside the eyeball) oncogene (a part of the genetic system which causes onc(o)- tumor (cancerous) malignant tumours to develop) ophthalm(o)- eye ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the muscles of the eye) orchitis (inflammation of the testes, characterised by orchi(o)- testes hypertrophy, pain and a sensation of weight) oropharynx (a part of the pharynx below the soft palate oro mouth at the back of the mouth)  osteitis (inflammation of a bone due to injury or oste(o)- bone infection) otorrhoea (the discharge of pus from the ear) ot(o)- ear P – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) paed- or paediatrics (the study of children, their development and child ped(o)- diseases.) path(o)- disease pathogen (microorganism which causes a disease) pharmacokinetics (the study of how the body reacts to pharmaco drugs drugs over a period of time) pharyng(o)- pharynx pharyngitis (sore throat) phlebolith (a stone which forms in a vein as a result of phleb(o)- vein an old thrombus becoming calcified) photopsia (a condition of the eye in which someone sees phot(o)- light flashes of light) plasminogen (a substance in blood plasma which plasm(o)- liquid part of blood becomes activated and forms plasmin) pleur(o)- pleura, rib, side pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura) pneumonia (inflammation of a lung, where the tiny pneum(o)- lung alveoli of the lung become filled with fluid) podiatry (the study of minor diseases and disorders of pod(o)- foot the feet) proctoclysis (the introduction of a lot of fluid into the proct(o)- anus or rectum rectum slowly) psych(o)- mind psychiatry (study and treatment of mental disorders) pyelotomy (a surgical operation to make an opening in pyel(o)- kidney the pelvis of the kidney) pyr(o)- burning or fever pyrogen (a substance which causes fever) R – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) renography (an examination of a kidney after injection ren(o)- kidney of a radioactive substance, using a gamma camera) rhinoplasty (plastic surgery to correct the appearance of rhin(o)- nose the nose) S – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) sarcoma (a highly malignant tumour made of connective sarc(o)- flesh tissue cells) scleroma (a patch of hard skin or hard mucous scler(o)- hard membrane) soma- or somatization (psychiatric condition expressed through body somat(o)- physical symptoms) stenosis (a condition in which a passage becomes sten(o)- narrow narrow) T – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) tachy Rapid, fast tachyarrhythmia (a fast irregular heartbeat) thermoanaesthesia (a condition in which someone therm(o)- heat cannot tell the difference between hot and cold) thoracotomy (a surgical operation to remove one or thorac(o)- chest more ribs) thromboangiitis (a condition in which the blood vessels thromb(o)- clot swell and develop blood clots along their walls) tracheobronchitis (inflammation of both the trachea and trache(o)- trachea the bronchi) U – Medical Root Words Root Meaning Example (Definition) urochesia (the passing of urine through the rectum, due ur(o)- urinary, urine to injury of the urinary system) V – Medical Root Words Roots Meanings Examples (Definitions) vasopressor (a substance which increases blood pressure Vessel, vas by narrowing the blood vessels), vasoligation (a surgical vas(o)- deferens operation to tie the vasa deferentia to prevent infection entering the epididymis from the urinary system) venoclysis (the procedure of slowly introducing a saline ven(i)(o)- vein or other solution into a vein) vesicospinal (pertaining to the urinary bladder and vesic(o)- bladder spine) Suffixes in medical terminology Suffixes are attached at the end of words to change or add to the original meaning. In medical terminology, suffixes usually signify a medical condition, surgical procedure, diagnostic term, test information, disease, or part of speech. Some suffixes also signify medical practice or practitioners. The following is an alphabetical list of common suffixes used in medical terminologies, along with their meaning, and examples (definitions). A – Suffix used in medical terms Suffix Meaning Example (Definition) -algia pain neuralgia (a spasm of pain which runs along a nerve) C – Suffix used in medical terms Suffix Meaning Example (Definition) -cyte cell leucocyte (white blood cell) E – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) -ectasis dilation bronchiectasis (dilated bronchi) -ectomy surgical removal splenectomy (a surgical operation to remove the spleen) -oedema (also angioedema (fluid buildup that causes swelling under a standalone excessive fluid the skin) word) -emesis vomiting hematemesis (vomiting of blood) I – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) -itis inflammation colitis (inflammation of the colon) -ism state of hypothyroidism (state of low thyroid) L – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) cardiologist (a doctor who specialises in the study of the -logist one who studies heart) -lys(i)(o) breakdown cytolysis (the breaking down of cells) O – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) glioma (any tumour of the glial tissue in the brain or -oma tumour spinal cord) fibrosis (the process of replacing damaged tissue by scar -osis condition tissue) P – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) -pathy disease myopathy (muscle disease) hypoplasia (a lack of development or incorrect -plasia growth formation of a body tissue or an organ) angioplasty (plastic surgery to repair a blood vessel, e.g. -plasty surgical repair a narrowed coronary artery) hemiplegia (severe paralysis affecting one side of the -plegia paralysis body due to damage of the central nervous system) orthopnoea (a condition in which a person has great -pnoea breathing difficulty in breathing while lying down) erythropoiesis (the formation of red blood cells in red -poiesis production bone marrow) apraxia (a condition in which someone is unable to make -praxia movement proper movements) R – Suffix used in medical terms Suffix Meaning Example (Definition) diarrhoea (a condition in which someone frequently -rrhoea fluid discharge passes liquid faeces) S – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) endoscope (tool for observing the interior of body -scope observe organs) duodenostomy (a permanent opening made between the -stomy opening duodenum and the abdominal wall) T – Suffixes used in medical terms Suffixes Meanings Examples (Definitions) -taxis movement ataxia (a failure of the brain to control movements) canaliculotomy (a surgical operation to open up a little -tomy incision canal) lithotripsy (the process of breaking up kidney or gall -tripsy crushing bladder stones into small fragments that the body can eliminate them unaided) hypertrophy (an increase in the number or size of cells -trophy growth in a tissue) References 1. Aguwa, C. (2012). Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy In the Tropics, (4th ed.). Nigeria: Snaap Press Ltd. 2. Fremgen, B. and Frucht, S. (2016). Medical Terminology: A Living Language, (6th ed.). USA: Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (2009). Medical Terminology Made Incredibly Easy!, (3rd ed.). USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. OTHER HEALTHCARE TEAMS 1. DOCTOR 2. NURSE 3. NURSING CARE ASSISTANT 4. DENTIST 5. HOUSEKEEPER 6. LAUNDRY EMPLOYEE 7. MAINTENANCE EMPLOYEE 8. DIETICIAN 9. SOCIAL WORKER 10.RESPIRATORY THERAPIST  Most Common Hospital Departments EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: Also called Casualty Department, where you're likely to be taken if you have arrived in an ambulance or emergency situation. Admissions: At the Admitting Department, the patient will be required to provide personal information and sign consent forms before being taken to the hospital unit or ward. If the individual is critically ill, then, this information is usually obtained from a family member. Anesthetics: Doctors in this department give anesthetic for operations and procedures. An anesthetic is a drug or agent that produces a complete or partial loss of feeling. There are three kinds of anesthetic: general, regional and local. Breast Screening: Screens women for breast cancer and is usually linked to the X- ray or radiology department. Burn Center (Burn Unit or Burns Unit): A hospital specializing in the treatment of burns. Burn centers are often used for the treatment and recovery of patients with more severe burns. Cardiology: Provides medical care to patients who have problems with their heart or circulation. Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD): (Sterile Processing Department (SPD) - Sterile Processing - Central Supply Department (CSD) - Central Supply) - A place in hospitals and other health care facilities that performs sterilization and other actions on medical equipment, devices, and consumables. Chaplaincy: Chaplains promote the spiritual and pastoral wellbeing of patients, relatives and staff. Coronary Care Unit (CCU): (Cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) - A hospital ward specialized in the care of patients with heart attacks, unstable angina, cardiac dysrhythmia and other cardiac conditions that require continuous monitoring and treatment. Critical Care: Also called intensive care, this department is for seriously ill patients. Diagnostic Imaging: Also known as X-Ray Department and/or Radiology Department. Finance Department: Performs all works related to budget and ideal use of the items of such budget. Also, it prepares payrolls and monthly wages, and concludes contracts of operation and maintenance and purchases. In addition, it makes available all amounts of money required for procurement of all materials and equipment. Gastroenterology: This department investigates and treats digestive and upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases. General Services: Support Services include services provided by Departments such as Portering, Catering, Housekeeping, Security, Health & Safety, Switch, Laundry and the management of facilities such as parking, baby tagging, access control, CCTV etc. General Surgery: Covers a wide range of types of surgery and procedures on patients. Gynecology: Investigates and treats problems relating to the female urinary tract and reproductive organs, such as Endometriosis, infertility and incontinence. Haematology: These hospital services work with the laboratory. In addition doctors treat blood diseases and malignancies related to the blood. Health & Safety: The role of the occupational health and safety department is to promote and maintain the highest possible degree of health and safety for all employees, physicians, volunteers, students and contractors, and actively participates in quality, safety and risk initiatives. Numerous health and safety issues associated with healthcare facilities include blood-borne pathogens and biological hazards, potential chemical and drug exposures, waste anesthetic gas exposures, respiratory hazards, ergonomic hazards from lifting and repetitive tasks, laser hazards, hazards associated with laboratories, and radioactive material and x-ray hazards. In addition to the medical staff, large healthcare facilities employ a wide variety of trades that have health and safety hazards associated with them. These include mechanical maintenance, medical equipment maintenance, housekeeping, food service, building and grounds maintenance, laundry, and administrative staff. Intensive Care Unit (ICU): (Intensive Therapy Unit, Intensive Treatment Unit (ITU), Critical Care Unit (CCU) - A special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine and caters to patients with severe and life-threatening illnesses and injuries, which require constant, close monitoring and support from specialist equipment and medications. Human Resources: Role is to provide a professional, efficient and customer focused service to managers and staff and in turn facilitate the delivery of a professional, efficient and customer focused service to patients. Infection Control: Primarily responsible for conducting surveillance of hospital- acquired infections and investigating and controlling outbreaks or infection clusters among patients and health care personnel. The department calculates rates of hospital-acquired infections, collates antibiotic susceptibility data, performs analysis of aggregated infection data and provides comparative data to national benchmarks over time. QUALITY OF IMPROVEMENT: Meaningful information can be used in quality management, continuous quality improvement and peer review. By improving the quality of information, core data can be provided for randomized clinical trials, outcomes research and many studies. Maternity: Maternity wards provide antenatal care, delivery of babies and care during childbirth, and postnatal support. Medical Records: Includes a variety of types of "notes" entered over time by health care professionals, recording observations and administration of drugs and therapies, orders for the administration of drugs and therapies, test results, x-rays, reports, etc. Microbiology: The microbiology department provides an extensive clinical service, including mycology, parasitology, mycobacteriology, a high security pathology unit, and a healthcare associated infection investigation unit, as well as routine bacteriology and an expanding molecular diagnostic repertoire. Neonatal: Closely linked with the hospital maternity department, provides care and support for babies and their families. Nephrology: Monitors and assesses patients with various kidney (renal) problems and conditions. Neurology: A medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Includes the brain, spinal cord, and spinal cord injuries (SCI). Nutrition and Dietetics: Dietitians and nutritionists provide specialist advice on diet for hospital wards and outpatient clinics. Obstetrics/Gynecology: Specialist nurses, midwives and imaging technicians provide maternity services such as: antenatal and postnatal care, maternal and foetal surveillance, and prenatal diagnosis. Occupational Therapy: Helps physically or mentally impaired people, including temporary disability, practices in the fields of both healthcare as well as social care. Often abbreviated as "OT", Occupational Therapy promotes health by enabling people to perform meaningful and purposeful occupations. These include (but are not limited to) work, leisure, self care, domestic and community activities. Occupational therapists work with individuals, families, groups and communities to facilitate health and well-being through engagement or re- engagement in occupation. Oncology: A branch of medicine that deals with cancer and tumors. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The Oncology department provides treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for cancerous tumors and blood disorders. Ophthalmology: Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, hairs, and areas surrounding the eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids. The term ophthalmologist is an eye specialist for medical and surgical problems. The Ophthalmology department provides a range of ophthalmic eye related services for both in and outpatients. Orthopedics: Treats conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including joints, ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons and nerves. The ENT Department provide comprehensive and specialized care covering both Medical and Surgical conditions related not just specifically to the Ear, Nose and Throat, but also other areas within the Head and Neck region. It is often divided into sub-specialties dealing with only one part of the traditional specialty (ontology, rhinology and laryngology). Pain Management: Helps treat patients with severe long-term pain. Alternative pain relief treatments such as acupuncture, nerve blocks and drug treatment, are also catered for. Patient Accounts: The Patient Accounts Department answers all billing questions and concerns, requests for itemized bills, and account balance inquiries. The patient accounts department also assists patients in their insurance benefits for services rendered. Patient Services: The Patient Services Manager is a source of information and can channel patient queries in relation to hospital services to the appropriate departments. Pharmacy: Responsible for drugs in a hospital, including purchasing, supply and distribution. Physiotherapy: Physiotherapists work through physical therapies such as exercise, massage, and manipulation of bones, joints and muscle tissues. Purchasing & Supplies: Purchasing & Supplies Department is responsible for the procurement function of the hospital. Radiology: The branch or specialty of medicine that deals with the study and application of imaging technology like x-ray and radiation to diagnosing and treating disease. The Department of Radiology is a highly specialized, full-service department which strives to meet all patient and clinician needs in diagnostic imaging and image-guided therapies. Renal: Provides facilities for peritoneal dialysis and helps facilitate home Hemodialysis. Rheumatology: Rheumatologists care for and treat patients for musculoskeletal disorders such as: bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves. Social Work: Clinical social workers help patients and their families deal with the broad range of psychosocial issues and stresses related to coping with illness and maintaining health. Social workers, resource specialists and advocates form a network that addresses the challenges families face, increases accessibility to health care and other human services, and serves as a bridge between the hospital setting and a patient's family life, home and community. Urology: The urology department is run by consultant urology surgeons and investigates areas linked to kidney and bladder conditions. MEDICAL TERMS 1. INFECTION 2. MICROBES 3. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 4. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST 5. MICROORGNISM 6. NASAL PASSAGES 7. INTESTINE 8. URETHRA 9. BACTERIA 10. VIRUS 11. FUNGI 12. PARASITE 13. HEPATITIS 14. HERPES 15. INFLUENZA 16. MEASLES 17. CHICKEN POX 18. INFLAMMATION 19. SWELLING 20. RESRVOIR