Matter and Energy Final Exam 2023-24 PDF

Matter and Energy Name:______________________ Final Exam 1. As the temperature of a gas increases with the volume remaining constant...

Matter and Energy Name:______________________ Final Exam 1. As the temperature of a gas increases with the volume remaining constant, the pressure of the gas A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 2. What is the molarity of a NaOH solution containing 0.125 mole of NaOH in 0.200 L of water? A) 0.025 M B) 0.250 M C) 0.625 M D) 1.60 M 3. Which is the formula of a compound? A) C B) Cl 2 C) N2 D) HF 4. When a sample of gas is cooled in a sealed, rigid container, the pressure the gas exerts on the walls of the container will decrease because the gas particles hit the walls of the container A) less often and with less force B) less often and with more force C) more often and with less force D) more often and with more force 5. The mass of a cube is 3.60 g and its volume is 1.8 cm 3. What is the density of the cube? A) 6.48 g/cm3 B) 2.0 g/cm3 C) 1.8 g/cm3 D) 0.5 g/cm3 6. Which statement describes the distribution of charge in an atom? A) A neutral nucleus is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. B) A neutral nucleus is surrounded by one or more positively charged electrons. C) A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. D) A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by one or more positively charged electrons. 7. Which kelvin temperature is equal to 56°C? A) -329 K B) -217 K C) 217 K D) 329 K 8. Which is the most common property of all liquids? A) Liquids have a definite shape B) Liquids have a definite volume C) Liquids conduct electricity D) Liquids are transparent. 9. All of the following involve chemical changes, except A) the burning of gasoline in a car. B) the dissolving of a sugar cube in cup of coffee. C) the rusting of a car in a junk yard. D) the digestion of food in your stomach. 10. Element X is a solid that is brittle, lacks luster,and has seven valence electrons. In which group on the Periodic Table would element X be found? A) 1 B) 7 C) 17 D) 18 11. Given the reaction: C6H12O6(s) + 6 O 2(g) 6 CO 2(g) + 6 H 2( ) How many moles of C6H12O6(s) are needed to produce 24 moles of carbon dioxide? A) 1.0 moles B) 12 moles C) 24 moles D) 4.0 moles 12. Complete the following metric conversion: 457 mL = ? A) 45.7 L B) 0.457 L C) 4.57 L D) 457 L 13. How much work is needed to lift a box weighing 15 newtons 3.0 meters upward? A) 5.0 J B) 18 J C) 45 J D) 150 J 14. A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of hydrogen gas. At 330. K, this sample has a pressure of 150. kPa and a volume of 3.50 L. What is the volume of this sample at STP? A) 0.233 L B) 1.96 L C) 4.29 L D) 6.26 L 15. Given a list of atomic model descriptions: A: electron shells outside a central nucleus B: hard, indivisible sphere C: mostly empty space Which list of atomic model descriptions represents the order of historical development from the earliest to most recent? A) A, B, C B) A, C, B C) B, C, A D) B, A, C 16. An object originally moving at a speed of 20. meters per second accelerates uniformly for 5.0 seconds to a final speed of 50. meters per second. What is the acceleration of the object? A) 14 m/s 2 B) 10. m/s 2 C) 6.0 m/s 2 D) 4.0 m/s 2 17. Which statement describes a chemical property of hydrogen gas? A) Hydrogen gas burns in air. B) Hydrogen gas is colorless. C) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09g/cm 3 at STP. D) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K at standard pressure. 18. The notation for the nuclide below gives information about A) mass number, only B) atomic number, only C) both mass number and atomic number D) neither mass number nor atomic number 19. In the diagram below, box M is on a frictionless table with forces Fl and F2 acting as shown. If F1 is greater than F2, then the box is A) moving in the direction of Fl B) moving in the direction of F2 C) at rest D) cannot be determined 20. How much work is done when a rock weighing 10. newtons is lifted a vertical distance of 8 meters? A) 18 J B) 2 J C) 80 J D) 800 J 21. Recovering the salt from a mixture of salt and water could best be accomplished by A) evaporation B) filtration C) paper chromatography D) density determination 22. Molecules of H 2O move most freely in A) the solid phase B) the liquid phase C) the vapor phase D) ice crystals 23. A student is filtering a mixture of sand and salt water into a beaker. What will be found in the beaker after the filtration is completed? A) sand, only B) salt, only C) sand and salt D) salt and water 24. Which diagram best represents a gas in a closed container? A) B) C) D) 25. What is the number of protons in an atom with the electron configuration of 2–5? A) 5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 7 26. Which statement describes a mixture of sand and water at room temperature? A) It is heterogeneous, and its components are in the same phase. B) It is heterogeneous, and its components are in different phases. C) It is homogeneous, and its components are in the same phase. D) It is homogeneous, and its components are in different phases. 27. Consider the table below. If you pour all liquids into a glass cylinder, the densest liquid will settle to the bottom and the least dense will be at the top. Which of the following represents the correct order for these liquids? A) B) C) D) 28. What is the distance traveled by an object that moves with an average speed of 6.0 meters per second for 8.0 seconds? A) 0.75 m B) 1.3 m C) 14 m D) 48 m 29. Which is the correct order to show units from smallest to largest? A) milligram, gram, kilogram B) gram, milligram, kilogram C) kilogram, milligram, gram D) gram, kilogram, milligram 30. Which is an example of a chemical change? A) a nail rusting B) water boiling C) chopping wood D) cutting paper 31. The graph below represents changes of state for an unknown substance. What is the boiling temperature of the substance? A) 0°C B) 20°C C) 70°C D) 40°C 32. Which of the following are ALL characteristics of a physical change? A) reversible, low energy needed and new substances formed B) not reversible, low energy needed and no new substances formed C) reversible, low energy needed and no new substances formed D) not reversible, high energy needed and new substances formed 33. A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of helium gas. The temperature of the gas is held constant as the piston is pulled outward. Which graph represents the relationship between the volume of the gas and the pressure of the gas? A) B) C) D) 34. Which element is a noble gas? A) krypton (Kr) B) chlorine (Cl) C) magnesium (Mg) D) manganese (Mn) 35. If 20. joules of work is done in 4.0 seconds, the power developed is A) 0.20 watt B) 5.0 watts C) 16 watts D) 80. watts 36. Which sample is a homogeneous mixture? A) NaCl(s) B) NaCl( ) C) NaCl(g) D) NaCl(aq) 37. Which physical changes are endothermic? A) melting and freezing B) melting and boiling C) condensation and sublimation D) condensation and deposition 38. The graph below was constructed by a student to show the relationship between temperature and time as heat was uniformly added to a solid below its melting point. What is the total length of time that the solid phase existed with the liquid phase? A) 6 min B) 10 min C) 8 min D) 4 min 39. When a teaspoonful of sugar is added to water in a beaker, the sugar dissolves. What is the resulting mixture called? A) a compound B) an alloy C) a solution D) a heterogeneous mixture 40. A beaker contains both alcohol and water. These liquids can be separated by distillation because the liquids have different A) boiling points B) densities C) particle sizes D) solubilities 41. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 20. grams of CaBr2 in 0.50 liter of solution? A) 0.50 M B) 0.20 M C) 5.0 M D) 10. M 42. The uniform motion of a cart is shown in the distance versus time graph below. What is the average speed of the cart? A) 0.5 m/s B) 2 m/s C) 5 m/s D) 50 m/s 43. What energy change occurs when a rock falls off of a cliff? A) potential to kinetic B) kinetic to potential C) chemical to kintetic D) potential to chemical 44. Which statement describes a solution of sodium chloride in water? A) The mixture is heterogeneous, the solute is NaCl and the solvent is H 2O. B) The mixture is heterogeneous, the solute is H 2O and the solvent is NaCl. C) The mixture is homogeneous, the solute is NaCl and the solvent is H 2O. D) The mixture is homogeneous, the solute is H 2O and the solvent is NaCl. 45. Which element is an alkali metal? A) Fluorine (F) B) calcium ( Ca) C) sodium (Na) D) zinc (Zn) 46. When measuring the distance between Atlanta to New York City, which would be the best unit of measurement? A) millimeter B) centimeter C) meter D) kilometer 47. In the change represented by the equation CO2(s) ® CO2(g), the CO2(s) is A) melting B) freezing C) condensing D) subliming 48. A car travels a distance of 98 meters in 10. seconds. What is the average speed of the car during this 10.-second interval? A) 4.9 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 49 m/s D) 98 m/s 49. What is the total mass in grams of 0.75 mole of SO2? A) 48 g B) 16 g C) 24 g D) 32 g 50. A sample of a gas has a volume of 40. milliliters at 76.0 kPa. What will be the new volume of the gas if the pressure is increased to 80.0 kPa, temperature remaining constant? A) 80 ml B) 42 ml C) 38 ml D) 20 ml 51. A rocket engine acquires motion by ejecting hot gases in the opposite direction. This is an example of A) Newton's First Law B) Newton's Law of Inertia C) Newton's Second Law D) Newton's Third Law 52. As a satellite is accelerated away from the Earth by a rocket, the satellite's mass A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 53. A runner changing speed from 3 meters per second to 5 meters per second is an example of A) acceleration. B) velocity. C) changing direction. D) constant speed. 54. All atoms of Group 15 elements have the same number of A) valence electrons B) electron shells C) neutrons D) protons 55. The device below is used for directly measuring which of the following? A) length B) mass C) time D) volume 56. Which of the following is not an example of work? A) lifting a bag of groceries B) pushing a box across the room C) carrying a backpack to school D) pulling the garbage can 57. A baseball pitcher throws a fastball at 42 meters per second. If the batter is 18 meters from the pitcher, approximately how much time does it take for the ball to reach the batter? A) 1.9 s B) 2.3 s C) 0.86 s D) 0.43 s 58. The data table below shows the masses and volumes of three objects (A, B, and C). Which statement about the densities of these three objects is correct? A) B is more dense than A. B) A is more dense than C. C) B and C have equal densities. D) A and C have equal densities. 59. The electron configuration of an atom is 2-4. What is the total number of energy levels in this atom? A) 1 B) 2 C) 6 D) 4 60. A student pushes against a wall with 20 N of force and the wall does not move. In this situation, the wall exerts A) 0 N of force B) less than 20 N of force C) 20 N of force D) more than 20 N of force 61. Which list of formulas represents compounds, only? A) CO 2, H2O, NH3 B) H2, N2, O2 C) H2, Ne, NaCl D) MgO, NaCl, O 2 62. Atoms are neutral because the number of A) protons equals the number of neutrons B) protons equals the number of electrons C) neutrons is greater than the number of protons D) neutrons is greater than the number of electrons 63. When a force of 50 newtons acts on a mass of 10 kilograms, the resulting acceleration will be A) 500 m/s 2 B) 60 m/s 2 C) 40 m/s 2 D) 5 m/s 2 64. The graph below shows the relationship between the mass and volume of a mineral. What is the density of this mineral? A) 6.0 g/cm3 B) 9.0 g/cm3 C) 3.0 g/cm3 D) 4.5 g/cm3 65. A copper coin resting on a piece of cardboard is placed on a beaker as shown in the diagram below. When the cardboard is rapidly removed, the coin drops into the beaker. The two properties of the coin which best explain its fall are its weight and its A) temperature B) density C) volume D) inertia 66. As the pressure of a gas at 150 kPA is changed to 100 kPa at constant temperature, the volume of the gas A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 67. As the pressure on a sample of a gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 68. As the mass of a body increases, its gravitational force of attraction on the Earth A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 69. The table below shows the data collected by a student as heat was applied at a constant rate to a solid below its freezing point. What is the boiling point of this substance? A) 32°C B) 54°C C) 62°C D) 100°C 70. A large piece of wood is cut into smaller pieces for testing. Which is the same for all of the pieces? A) mass B) volume C) density D) cannot be determined 71. What is the gram formula mass of Al(ClO3) 3 6H 2O? A) 304 g B) 278 g C) 384g D) 276 g 72. What is the percent composition by mass of nitrogen in NH 4NO 3 (gram-formula mass = 80.0 grams/mole)? A) 17.5% B) 35.0% C) 52.5% D) 60.0% 73. The elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements are arranged in order of increasing A) atomic number B) mass number C) number of neutrons D) number of valence electrons 74. A compound consists of two or more different elements that are A) physically mixed in a fixed proportion B) physically mixed in a proportion that can vary C) chemically combined in a fixed proportion D) chemically combined in a proportion that can vary 75. When potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, the total amount of energy in the system A) increases only. B) decreases only. C) remains the same. D) increases and then decreases. 76. Which graph could represent the uniform cooling of a substance, starting with the gaseous phase and ending with the solid phase? A) B) C) D) 77. Which particle below has the greatest kinetic energy? A) a 1 gram particle moving at 50 m/s B) a 1 gram particle moving at 100 m/s C) a 2 gram particle moving at 50 m/s D) a 2 gram particle moving at 100 m/s 78. Which statement compares the masses of two subatomic particles? A) The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of a proton. B) The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of a neutron. C) The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of an electron. D) The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of a neutron. 79. Experimental evidence indicates that the nucleus of an atom A) contains most of the mass of the atom B) contains a small percentage of the mass of the atom C) has no charge D) has a negative charge 80. An element that is a very reactive metal could have an atomic number of A) 9 B) 5 C) 19 D) 79 81. Which must be fulfilled for work to be done? A) a force must be applied B) the force must cause the object to move C) the force and the distance the object moves must be in the same direction D) all of the above 82. Which two substances can not be broken down by chemical change? A) C and CuO B) C and Cu C) CO 2 and CuO D) CO 2 and Cu 83. A push or pull on an object is the definition for A) gravity. B) energy. C) a force. D) motion. 84. Which graph shows the relationship between pressure and temperature for a gas at constant volume? A) B) C) D) 85. A fire blanket can be best used for a fire A) on the lab table B) on a person C) either lab table or person D) to keep warm at night 86. What basic form of energy is present in a lightning bolt? A) nuclear B) chemical C) mechanical D) electrical 87. The graph at the right represents the relationship between distance and time for an object moving in a straight line. Acccording to the graph, the object is A) motionless B) moving at a constant speed C) decelerating D) accelerating 88. Which particle diagram represents a sample of matter that can not be broken down by chemical means? A) B) C) D) 89. What is the total number of atoms represented in the formula CuSO 4 5H 2O? A) 8 B) 13 C) 21 D) 27 90. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. What is the volume of the sphere? A) 15 mL B) 25 mL C) 40 mL D) 65 mL 91. The volume of a sample of a gas at 273ºC is 200. liters. If the volume is decreased to 100. liters at constant pressure, what will be the new temperature of the gas? A) 0 K B) 100. K C) 273 K D) 546 K 92. Two basic properties of the gas phase are A) a definite shape and a definite volume B) a definite shape but no definite volume C) no definite shape but a definite volume D) no definite shape and no definite volume 93. What is the total number of atoms of hydrogen in 1 mole of (NH 4) 2HPO 4? A) 5 B) 7 C) 8 D) 9 94. Which two particle diagrams represent mixtures of diatomic elements? A) A and B B) A and C C) B and C D) B and D 95. As the time required for a person to run up a flight of stairs increases, the power developed by the person A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 96. Which of the following objects has the greatest momentum? A) a 1-kg object moving at 200 m/sec B) a 10-kg object moving at 30 m/sec C) a 20-kg object moving at 20 m/sec D) a 100-kg object moving at 2 m/sec 97. A solution contains 100 grams of a nitrate salt dissolved in 100 grams of water at 50ºC. The solution could be a A) supersaturated solution of NaNO 3 B) saturated solution of NaNO 3 C) supersaturated solution of KNO3 D) saturated solution of KNO 3 98. Which of the following are ALL examples of physical properties? A) hardness, elasticity and luster B) combustibility, hardness and buoyancy C) luster, toxicity and buoyancy D) combustibility , toxicity and elasticity 99. How many grams of NaNO3 would have to be added to 100. grams of water at 45ºC to make a saturated solution of this salt? A) 100. B) 110. C) 120. D) 130. 100. Which of the following shows the correct order of a diatomic element->monatomic element->compound ? A) C, O 2, CO 2 B) O2, C, CO2 C) Co, CO, O 2 D) O2, CO, Co