Physics Quiz: Forces, Chemical Changes, and Graphs

Forces and Motion

• A force must be applied, cause the object to move, and the force and distance must be in the same direction for work to be done.
• A push or pull on an object is the definition of a force.
• The graph showing the relationship between pressure and temperature for a gas at constant volume is a straight line.

Energy

• The basic form of energy present in a lightning bolt is electrical.

Graphs and Data Analysis

• A graph showing the relationship between distance and time for an object moving in a straight line can be used to determine if the object is motionless, moving at a constant speed, decelerating, or accelerating.
• A graph showing the relationship between mass and volume of a mineral can be used to determine the density of the mineral.

Chemistry

• The total number of atoms in CuSO4·5H2O is 21.
• Substances that cannot be broken down by chemical change are C and CuO.
• The gram formula mass of Al(ClO3)3·6H2O is 384g.

Thermodynamics

• As the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas decreases.
• As the mass of a body increases, its gravitational force of attraction on the Earth increases.

Physics

• The acceleration of an object can be calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time over which the acceleration occurs.
• Work is done on an object when a force is applied to it and the object moves in the direction of the force.
• The power developed by an object is the rate at which work is done.

Stoichiometry

• The number of moles of C6H12O6(s) needed to produce 24 moles of carbon dioxide is 4.0 moles.
• The gram formula mass of NH4NO3 is 80.0 grams/mole.

Atomic Structure

• The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom of that element.
• The electron configuration of an atom can be used to determine the number of protons in the atom.

Mixtures and Separation

• A mixture of salt and water can be separated by evaporation.
• A mixture of sand and salt can be separated by filtration.

Physical Properties

• Physical properties of a substance include hardness, elasticity, luster, combustibility, toxicity, and buoyancy.
• The boiling point of a substance is a physical property.

Gas Laws

• As the pressure on a sample of a gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas decreases.
• As the temperature of a sample of a gas increases at constant volume, the pressure of the gas increases.

Force and Acceleration

• When a force of 50 newtons acts on a mass of 10 kilograms, the resulting acceleration is 5 m/s².

Density of a Mineral

• The density of a mineral can be determined from a graph of mass vs. volume.
• The density of the mineral is the slope of the line on the graph.

Properties of a Coin

• The weight and inertia of a copper coin are the two properties that explain its fall when the cardboard it is placed on is rapidly removed.

Pressure and Volume of a Gas

• When the pressure of a gas is changed from 150 kPa to 100 kPa at constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases.
• As the pressure on a sample of a gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas decreases.

Gravity and Mass

• As the mass of a body increases, its gravitational force of attraction on the Earth increases.

Phase Changes

• The boiling point of a substance can be determined from a graph of temperature vs. time.

Properties of Wood

• The density of a large piece of wood is the same for all smaller pieces cut from it.

Gram Formula Mass

• The gram formula mass of Al(ClO₃)₃·6H₂O is 384 g.

Percent Composition by Mass

• The percent composition by mass of nitrogen in NH₄NO₃ is 35.0%.

Periodic Table

• Elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Compounds

• A compound consists of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion.

Energy Conversion

• When potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, the total amount of energy in the system remains the same.

Cooling of a Substance

• A graph can represent the uniform cooling of a substance, starting with the gaseous phase and ending with the solid phase.

Kinetic Energy

• The kinetic energy of a particle depends on its mass and velocity.

Subatomic Particles

• The mass of an electron is less than the mass of a proton or neutron.

Nucleus of an Atom

• The nucleus of an atom contains most of the mass of the atom and has a positive charge.

Reactive Metal

• A reactive metal can have an atomic number of 5 (boron) or 19 (potassium).

Work and Energy

• Work is done when there is a force applied to an object, and it moves in the direction of the force.

Matter and Energy

• Matter can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
• Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Gases

• The pressure of a gas increases when the temperature of the gas increases at constant volume.
• The molarity of a NaOH solution can be calculated from the number of moles of NaOH and the volume of the solution.

Compounds and Elements

• A compound has a formula, such as HF.

Pressure and Volume of a Gas

• When a sample of gas is cooled in a sealed, rigid container, the pressure the gas exerts on the walls of the container decreases.

Density of a Cube

• The density of a cube can be calculated from its mass and volume.

Atom Structure

• An atom has a neutral nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons.

Temperature Scales

• The Celsius temperature scale is defined such that 0°C is the freezing point of water and 100°C is the boiling point of water.
• The Kelvin temperature scale is defined such that 0 K is absolute zero and 273 K is the freezing point of water.

Liquids

• Liquids have a definite volume, but not a definite shape.

Density of Liquids

• The density of a liquid can be determined by comparing its mass to its volume.

Distance and Speed

• The distance traveled by an object can be calculated from its average speed and time.

Units of Measurement

• Units of measurement can be converted from one to another, such as from milligrams to grams to kilograms.

Chemical Change

• A chemical change, such as rusting, involves the transformation of one substance into another.

Physical Change

• A physical change, such as boiling, involves a change in the state of a substance, but not its composition.

Noble Gases

• Krypton (Kr) is a noble gas.

Work and Power

• The power developed by an object can be calculated from the work done and the time it takes to do the work.

Homogeneous Mixtures

• A homogeneous mixture, such as a solution, has a uniform composition throughout.

Physical Changes

• Melting and boiling are endothermic physical changes, while condensation and deposition are exothermic physical changes.

Distillation

• Distillation is a method of separating liquids based on their boiling points.

Solutions

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, such as sugar and water.

Graphs of Motion

• A graph of distance versus time can be used to determine the average speed of an object.

Energy Conversion

• The energy change that occurs when a rock falls off a cliff is a conversion from potential energy to kinetic energy.