Matter and Its Properties PDF

Matter and its Properties Prepared by: Jennysel O. Lozada  What is Matter? is the “stuff ” of the universe: air, glass, planets, students—anything that has mass and volume.  PARTICLES OF MATTER Particles...

Matter and its Properties Prepared by: Jennysel O. Lozada  What is Matter? is the “stuff ” of the universe: air, glass, planets, students—anything that has mass and volume.  PARTICLES OF MATTER Particles with charges The smallest Composed particle of atoms What is Matter?  STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS STATES OF MATTER Classify the following substances according to the three states of matter: a. Iron nail b. Sugar c. Syrup d. Air e. Ice f. Alcohol g. Catchup PROPERTIES OF MATTER  Properties of Matter Matter is described or learned by observing its properties Properties are the characteristics that give each substance its unique identity. According to change involved during the measurement of the property According to dependence on the amount of matter Properties of Matter According to Change Involved During the Measurement of the Property Physical Properties Chemical Properties Physical Properties of Matter Characteristics of a substance which can be observed without changing its composition, though their form may change. Examples includes: length, density, odor, mass, hardness, tenacity, elasticity, , plasticity Words like melt, boil, freeze, evaporate, condense, and sublime, cut, bend, crack, crush or grind indicate physical changes Physical Properties of Matter  Chemical Properties of Matter Characteristics that a substance exhibits when it undergoes changes in composition. These properties are related to the kind of chemical changes that substances undergo during chemical reactions.  Chemical Properties of Matter What is chemical change? Chemical change takes place when two completely different substances combine, which results in the formation of new chemical substances  Chemical Properties of Matter When can we say or detect that a chemical reaction takes places? It is detected when one of the following is observed: formation of an insoluble product (precipitate), evolution of gas (bubbles), or change in color Examples includes: corrosivity, combustibility/flammability, reactivity, decomposition, chemical bonding Chemical Properties of Matter TRY THIS A. Direction: Identify what property of matter is observe, whether Physical Property or Chemical Property: 1.Melting of ice 2.Evaporation of water 3.Rusting 4.Digestion 5. Rotting of an apple B. Direction: Write P if it is a substance’s physical property and write C if it involves a chemical property. 1.Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night. 2.A cornstalk grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized. 3.Perspiration evaporates when you relax after jogging. 4.A silver fork tarnishes slowly in air.  Properties of Matter According to Dependence on the Amount of Matter Extensive Properties Intensive properties Extensive properties are additives while intensive properties are not  Extensive Properties of Matter Extensive properties change their value when the amount of matter or substance is changed Examples include: size, shape, length, weight, mass and volume.  Intensive Properties of Matter Intensive properties do not change their value when the amount of matter is changed. The characteristics of a substance, regardless of its shape and size Intensive properties that cannot be expressed in numbers are color, viscosity, taste and transparency, flammability. Intensive properties assigned with definite values are boiling point, melting point, and refractive index TRY THIS C. Direction: Which of the following properties are extrinsic and intrinsic? Write E if they are extrinsic and I if they are intrinsic. 1.Boiling point 2.Weight 3.Volume 4.Density 5.Viscosity CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Prepared by: Jennysel o. lozada  PURE MIXTURES SUBSTANCES PURE SUBSTANCE vs. MIXTURE Pure Mixtures Substance is composed composed of of only one several component components. Which of the following are pure substances and which are mixtures?  a. Table sugar  b. Table salt  c. Iodized salt  d. Brown sugar  e. Distilled water  f. Soft drinks  g. Oxygen gas (in tank)  h. Human breath  i. Tap Water  PURE MIXTURES SUBSTANCES ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS Classification of Pure Substance Elements Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom. Possible examples: iron; gold; mercury Compounds Compounds are pure substances made up of two or more kinds of atoms. Possible examples: salt; sugar; water  PURE MIXTURES SUBSTANCES ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS HOMOGENOUS HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES MIXTURES  Classification of Mixtures Homogenous Mixture A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture. Also called solutions Heterogenous Mixture A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition, and its properties vary in different parts of the mixture. Any part of the system with uniform composition and particles is called phase. A heterogenous mixture consists of two or more phases. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where the suspended particles can be seen and are large enough to be filtered. Example: Medicines labeled with “Shake well before use” HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures where the particles are bigger than those of solutions but smaller than those of suspensions. Examples: milk, gelatin, blood HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Coarse mixtures are heterogeneous mixtures where the particles can be separated mechanically Examples: fruit salad Tell whether the mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture 1) Rubbing alcohol 2) Mixture of water and oil 3) Mixture of salt and pepper 4) Carbonated soft drink 5) Human breath 6) Spaghetti