Matter Test Study Guide PDF

**[Matter Test Study Guide:]** *Textbook Sections 2A & 2D, Matter Parts 1-4 Guided Notes* **Know & Understand the Following Concepts:** - What is matter? - Anything that has mass and takes up space; a physical substance - What makes up matter? - Matter is made up of atoms - What are...

**[Matter Test Study Guide:]** *Textbook Sections 2A & 2D, Matter Parts 1-4 Guided Notes* **Know & Understand the Following Concepts:** - What is matter? - Anything that has mass and takes up space; a physical substance - What makes up matter? - Matter is made up of atoms - What are atoms made of? Be able to label an atom. - Atoms are made of subatomic particles. - What are the sizes of the subatomic particles as compared to each other? - Protons- Large - Neutrons- Larger than protons - Electrons- Very Small - What is an element? - A pure substance made of only one kind of atom - What is the atomic number of an element? What is the mass number of an element? Be able to identify how many protons, neutrons, & electrons are in a given element if given the mass number and atomic number.  - How is matter classified? Be able to identify substances as pure substance, element, compound, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture. - Matter is classified into 2 different categories- Pure Substances and Mixtures. Heterogeneous Mixtures are not the same throughout. Homogenous Mixtures are when there is an even distribution of all the substances. - What is a solute, solvent, and solution? - Solute- Substance that is being dissolved - Solvent- That substance that is dissolving the other substance - Solution- The solute and the solvent together as one - What are the states of matter? Be able to identify describe particle arrangement and motion for each state. - Solid- Particles vibrate in a fixed place - Liquid- Particles move around, but are still close together - Gas- Particles are far apart and move very fast - Plasma- Particles move so fast and collide so hard that they break apart and become electronically charged - What determines the state of matter of a substance? - The amount of energy in molecules of matter - Be able to identify definitions & examples of phase changes: freezing, melting, condensation, vaporization, sublimation, & deposition. - Melting- The change of state from solid to a liquid that is caused by adding energy - Freezing- The change in state from a liquid to a solid caused by removing energy - Vaporization- The change in state from a liquid to a gas, caused by adding energy - Condensation- The change in state from a gas to a liquid, caused by removing energy - Deposition- The change in state from a gas directly to a solid, caused by removing energy - Sublimation- The change of state from a solid directly to a gas caused by adding energy - What are the two ways vaporization can occur? - Boiling - Evaporation - Be able to identify when energy is being removed or when energy is being added to cause phase changes (Example: Freezing = energy removed, Melting = increase of energy)  - What 5 evidences indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred? - A release of energy has occurred (explosion of light or sound) - A temperature change (heating or cooling) - A permanent color change (carefully consider this one) - The appearance of a new or different substance from a mixture of chemicals is a solution - A gas is produced (not by evaporation) - Be able to identify examples of physical changes, chemical changes, and nuclear changes. - Physical Changes - Melting/Freezing - Crushing - Polishing/Grinding - Cutting - Dissolving - Bending - Chemical Changes - Rotting Food - Photosynthesis - Rusting Metal - Nuclear Changes - Radioactive Decay - Nuclear Fission - Nuclear Fusion - Be able to state the Law of Conservation of Mass. - Matter and Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; they can only change forms - When given a chemical equation, be able to identify missing mass values based on the law of conservation of mass. - What are the 4 ways we can measure matter? - Mass - Weight - Volume - Density - What units are used for measuring mass, weight, and volume? - Mass- (g) or (Kg) - Weight- (mL) or (n) - Volume- (cm3) - What tools are used to measure mass, weight, and volume? - Mass- Digital Scale - Weight- Spring Scale - Volume- (g/cm3) - Beaker - Erlenmeyer Flask - Granulated Cylinder - What is the difference between mass & weight? - Mass- The measure of the amount of matter in an object - The force of gravitational attraction between an objects mass and its resident planet - Be able to calculate the volume of a regular solid and label with correct units (units^3^). - Be able to calculate the density of a regular solid and label with correct units (mass units/volume units^3^) - How do you calculate the volume of an irregular solid? Be able to calculate the density of an irregular solid using the water displacement method. (units = mL and 1mL = 1 cm^3^) - When you have an irregular solid you use the water displacement method. This is when you fill a bowl with water, you the record how high the water is. Pu the slid into the water then record how high it is now. Subtract how high the water was before you put the solid in from how high the water is now, your answer is the volume of your solid.