LESSON 3 PPT communication in multicultural contexts.pdf

Purposive Communication G E E D 0 0 5 LESSON 3: COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL CONTEXTS/SETTINGS Assoc. Prof. Marissa L. Mayrena, PhD. TOPICS: 1. Cultural and Global Issues in Communication 2. Culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images 3. Varieties and Regist...

Purposive Communication G E E D 0 0 5 LESSON 3: COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL CONTEXTS/SETTINGS Assoc. Prof. Marissa L. Mayrena, PhD. TOPICS: 1. Cultural and Global Issues in Communication 2. Culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images 3. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written English 4. World Englishes  At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: Define Culture; Adopt cultural and intercultural OBJECTIVES awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas when using the English Language and its varieties, and the emerging foreign languages; and Compare and contrast World Englishes in terms of lexicon and semantics.  It is how we, No, I just said Sorry. I Indonesians Mabuhay! I Apa Kabar? “How Are you? My thought you are greet and am Concesa Nama saya Saya? You Name is Srisna.” talking about introduce Srisna. are not our attire haha! ourselves. from Isabela! wearing Saya! Art by Noel Christian Q. Navarro This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Culture is a system of thinking and acting that is taught by and reinforced by a group of people. Cultural groups teach their members certain values with accompanying behaviors and communication preferences. (Stringer and Cassady, 2009)  Cultural understanding is something that influences our personal preference in Cultural communication style, and Understanding continues to influence our perception of others throughout our life. (Hasslet, 1989 in Stringer and Cassady, 2009) COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS PERSONAL PHYSICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURAL PERSONAL CONTEXT PHYSICAL CONTEXT It refers to the kind of relationship that exists between the sender and the receiver. I will try No. I will. not attend. I am You are letting you fired. go. Culture and Language Six Primary Sources of Cross- cultural Miscommunication (Issues) 1. Assumption of similarities 2. Language differences 3. Nonverbal misinterpretation 4. Preconceptions and stereotypes 5. Tendency to evaluate 6. High anxiety (Barna, 1997 inStringer and Cassady, 2009)  Varieties and Registers of Language WHAT IS REGISTER IN LANGUAGE? REGISTER – is the level of formality in language as determined by context. It is a subset of language as defined by purpose and setting.  SAMPLES OF FORMAL REGISTER? Business letters Letters of complaint Some essays Reports Official speeches Announcements Professional emails SAMPLES OF NON- FORMAL REGISTER? Personal e-mails Phone texts Short notes Friendly letters Most blogs Diaries and Journals Level of Formality in Language: FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL Neutral Intimate Frozen Consultative SAMPLES OF FORMAL and NONFORMAL REGISTERS  WHAT IS A VARIETY? VARIETY - is a specific set of linguistic items which can be associated with external factors such as geographical area or social group. Culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY EVERY COUNTRY HAS ITS OWN WAY OF SAYING THINGS. THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT WHICH LIES BEHIND PEOPLE’S WORDS (Freya Stark, n.d.) https://www.instagram.com/reel/CirnRn8AhGT/?igshid=OTRmMjhlYjM%3D&fbclid=IwAR2fDb2Axlzm Gq8HT9PX_HxiWjHRDc-AkvZdX3Bih5NNc0432XL8IJrHT1k https://www.instagram.com/reel/CirnRn8AhGT/?utm_source=ig_web _copy_link Ta moko  IDIOMS AS CULTURE’S REFLECTIONS To put your best foot forward “But with a respectable gentlewoman to put you forward, you will not be ignored. When you are married, you will make “me” the head of the royal household.” This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  According to Meriam Webster's dictionary, idioms are styles or forms of expressions that are characteristics of persons, types IDIOMS of art, and the like. It came from the middle French and Late Latin words Idiome and from late Latin Idioma. Idioms can either be expressions or phrases. POLISH IDIOM Idiom: Nie mój cyrk, nie moje małpy. Translation: Not my circus, not my monkeys Meaning: Not my problem  GERMAN IDIOM Idiom: Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei. Translation: Everything has one end, only the sausage has two Meaning: Everything comes to an end  Idiom: 猿も木から落ちる. JAPANESE Translation: Even monkeys fall from trees IDIOM Meaning: Everyone makes mistakes  ICELANDIC IDIOM Idiom: Ég tók hann í bakaríið. Translation: I took him to the bakery Meaning: I told him off This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA SPANISH IDIOM Idiom: Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. Translation: A lot of noise and no walnuts Meaning: All talk and no action SWEDISH IDIOM Idiom: Finns det hjärterum så finns det stjärterum. Translation: If there is room in the heart, there is room for the butt Meaning: If we care about you, we’ll make room for you to join us CANTONESE IDIOM Idiom: 眼饞肚飽. Translation: Greedy eyes, full This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA stomach Meaning: To bite off more than you can chew INDONESIAN IDIOM FRENCH IDIOM Idiom: Donner sa langue au chat. Translation: To give one’s tongue to the cat Meaning: To not be able to guess ARABIC IDIOM Idiom: ‫ﯾﻌطﻰ اﻟﺧﺑز ل ﺧﺑﺎزه‬. Translation: Give the bread to the baker Meaning: Don’t give someone a task they can’t do World Englishes This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  Non-native New varieties of varieties of English English WORLD ENGLISHES Non-native The Outer Circle institutionalized which contain varieties of the World English Englishes World Englishes WORLD ENGLISHES HOW DID IT GET THERE?  World Englishes have certain formal properties: lexical, phonological, and grammatical that differ from British or WORLD American English. ENGLISHES Examples: Nigerian English, Singaporean English, Indian English, Philippine English World Englishes World Englishes CHARACTERISTICS OF WORLD ENGLISHES Characteristics of the World Englishes Criteria: It has developed through the education system This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA It has developed in an area where a native variety of English was not the language spoken by most of the population. It is used for several different purposes among the users in a region. It has become 'nativised' by adopting some language features of its own, like lexical or grammatical characteristics.  Jenkins (2003)puts it, "it is not uncommon even for their own speakers to regard them as second-best about the Standard Englishes of the Inner Circle." "any distinctively Australian forms were regarded as 'bad' English." (Jenkins, 2003: 33). Characteristics of the World Englishes They are used in multilingual and multicultural communities. The spread of NEs was through the classroom. WEs tend to play complementary. WEs are the result of the transformation of English in interaction with the life of its new contexts. WEs are systematic in their own way. Philippine English is a legitimate nativized variety of English. It is the language used by Filipinos in controlling domains such as science and technology, the judiciary, the legislature, bureaucracy, higher education, scholarly discourse, and the like. Philippine English According to Martin (2010), ''Because the Americans brought English to the Philippines, it seems logical for Filipinos to look up to American English as their model. However, a century after the introduction of English to the Philippines, the language started to take on new features, among them grammatical deviations’’.  Philippine English The variety of English developing in the Philippines and in the process of standardization will be one of the new Englishes in the Third World, different in many features of pronunciations, lexicon, idioms, and syntax, as well as of style and rhetoric, from general American English. This will be a pronounced development in the next century which will have to be accepted and its potentialities exploited. Philippine English Legitimacy for this variety has de facto been achieved. It is now a question of standardizing it and ensuring its intelligibility to an international; audience if we are to use it as an international language variety and as a language of wider communication.  Philippine English Philippine English is not English that falls short of the norms of ‘standard American English; it is not badly learned English as a second language Its distinctive features are not errors committed by users who have not mastered the American standard Instead, it is a nativized variety of English with features that differentiate it from Standard American English because of many factors. Philippine English PE is the language of educated Filipino It is the type of English that is acceptable in educated Filipino circles It is not the type of ‘English that simply mixes Tagalog and ‘English Philippine English Philippine English has distinct phonological, lexical, and grammatical features that are uniquely Filipino. Language, culture, and identity are intertwined. We use language to communicate our culture and identity. If we deny the use of PE, it is tantamount to denying our own culture and identity. Philippine English The use of PE is a way of establishing our identity apart from other Englishes of the world. PE is our way of enriching the English language, not bastardizing it. PE is a testimony of our linguistic curiosity and creativity The use of PE is a sign of rich linguistic identity in our society. Philippine English Raise Respect Spread Help Raise your Respect the Spread the word on Help change the awareness of other multilingual and the legitimacy of mindset of society people on the multicultural nature Philippine English on the English diversity of of Wes language Englishes Philippine English PAKIR (1998-1999) on accent Pakir heavily criticized the US practice of accent reduction in teaching English pronunciation. “MEDDLE WITH MY ACCENT, AND YOU MEDDLE WITH MY IDENTITY.’ Philippine English Your (Philippine) English is as valid and legitimate as Singaporean English, or Australian English, British English, or any variety of English out there. No variety is more superior to, or more inferior to, other varieties. Concluding remarks on the Philippine English The English language will continuously evolve, as it should. There is nothing we can do about it! We are not the gatekeepers of the English language. Stop prescribing how the English language should be used or spoken. Empower the speakers of ‘English by recognizing their own variety Be proud of your identity as Philippine English speakers!