Lesson 3 Macroskill of LISTENING.pdf

LISTENING  LISTENING  This is a communication technique that requires the listener to understand, interpret and evaluate what he or she hears.  Listening is the most important skill in communication.  It is a mental operation involving processing sound waves, inte...

LISTENING  LISTENING  This is a communication technique that requires the listener to understand, interpret and evaluate what he or she hears.  Listening is the most important skill in communication.  It is a mental operation involving processing sound waves, interpreting their meaning, and storing them in memory.  It is a communication technique that requires the listeners to understand, interpret, and evaluate what they LISTENING hear. It paves the way for other skills to tower over the others because of its significance in terms of speech, discussion and freedom of expression. LISTENING STRATEGIES  Top-down strategies  listener based;  the listener taps into background knowledge of the topic, the situation or context, the type of text, and the language. This background knowledge activates a set of expectations that help the listener to interpret what is heard and anticipate what will come next.  Top-down strategies LISTENING FOR PREDICTING DRAWING SUMMARIZING THE MAIN IDEA INFERENCES  Bottom-up strategy  text based;  the listener relies on the language in the message, that is, the combination of sounds, words, and grammar that creates meaning.  Bottom-up strategy LISTENING FOR RECOGNIZING RECOGNIZING WORD- SPECIFIC DETAILS COGNATES ORDER PATTERNS Why listen?  Listening for gist: you listen in order to understand the main idea of the text. Listening for specific Purpose of information: you want to find out listening specific details, for example key words. Listening for detailed understanding: you want to understand all the information the text provides. How to improve a listening skill?  Before you listen… Think about the topic of the text you are going to listen to. What do you already know about it? What could possibly be If you have to do a task on the listening the content of the text? Which words text, check whether you have come to mind that you already know? understood the task correctly. Which words would you want to look up? Think about what type of text you are Relax and make yourself ready to going to listen to. What do you know pay attention to the listening text. about this type of text?  While you are listening… It is not necessary to understand every single If there are words or issues that you If you still don't understand something, word. Try to ignore those don't understand, use your general use a dictionary to look up the words words that you think are knowledge as well as the context to or ask someone else for help. less important anyway. find out the meaning. Focus on key words and facts. Take notes to support your memory. Try to think ahead. What might happen next? What Intonation and stress of the speakers can help might the speakers say, which words might they you to understand what you hear. use?  After listening… Have you had any Remember the problems while Think about speculations Check whether listening? Do you the text again. you made you have have any Listen again to Review your problems now to Have you before you completed difficult notes. complete your understood the listened. Did your task task? Identify passages. main points? they come correctly. your problems true? and ask someone for help. Listening activities…