Lesson-2 Structure of a Text PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region III – Central Luzon SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF BALANGA...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region III – Central Luzon SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF BALANGA BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL City of Balanga, Bataan LECTURE in ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Quarter 1-Week 2 Structure of a Text WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? It is a serious offense wherein a person is using someone’s ideas either on purpose or through carelessness. HOW TO START A TEXT? KINDS OF INTRODUCTION Jolting statement- a beginning which has the intention of shocking or shaking the interest of the readers so as to continue reading the work. trivia Example: “Fetuses that have serious physical problems face major surgery after birth.” “Forgiving, most of the time is hardly given by the oppressed not because of hate but because of fear.” Dramatic scene- the writer presents a situation of interesting conflict or emotion to condition the mood of the readers and be enhanced to go on reading. Example: Mother was beside me when she uttered, “I care for you”. That is my most awaited words Build up statement- a statement intentional to catch the interest of the readers. It is not an ordinary sentence but something of value to the readers. Example: Effective speech is what makes a woman stand in any session if she possesses the magic and combine it with a pleasing personality she made. Impressionistic description- an effective description used as beginning to catch the interest of the readers. Here, the description must be vivid enough to command attention and consideration. Example: She is soft spoken, too-close to heaven. She knows when angels would come and leave. She is an embodiment of silence in the middle of the night. Stimulating question –the beginning is stated in a question to stimulate attention. The question must be worth learning the answer or the explanation. Example: “Have you witnessed a person dying? I did and it was not a very pleasant sight.” Is RH Bill really the answer to population explosion? Analogy Beginning This is a special form of comparison. It is an expression of relationship between two things that are alike at more than one point. It is the process of establishing the similarities, relations and behavior of things which are unlike in kind, form and appearance. Example: Culture is like a map. Just as the map isn’t the territory but an abstract representation of particular areas so as culture is an abstract description of trends towards uniformity in the words, deeds and artifacts of group. If a map is accurate and you can read it, you won’t get lost; if you know culture, you will know your way around in the life of a society Classificatory It is the process of dividing the information in categories. A classification relates ideas by listing and characterizing the members of a group. Example: There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best sellers--- unread, untouched. …The second has a great many books– a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third has a few books or many– every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated shaken and loosen by continual use, marked and scribbled in form front to back. This man owns books. BODY 1. Get the main ideas. 2. Give supporting details. 3. Elaboration WHAT IS A MAIN IDEA? The main idea of a paragraph is the author's message about the topic. It is often expressed directly or it can be implied. The main idea, sometimes referred to as the central idea, is the most important thought of a text. Basically, it is the topic that comes up over and over again in an article, book, or other piece of nonfiction. The main idea tells the reader what the paragraph, article, or other section of a text is going to be about. Often the main idea is explicitly provided in a declarative statement, which is a statement of fact ending in a period. Example: Every year, hundreds of children prepare to compete in the Scripps Spelling Bee. Along with their family members, these would-be competitors memorize thousands of dictionary entries. They are hoping to win as much as $52,000. Of course, they are also hoping for bragging rights! Every sentence in this paragraph is about the hundreds of children who compete in the Scripps Spelling Bee. The main idea is explicitly stated in the first sentence of the paragraph. The following sentences give specific details about these contestants—how they prepare and what they hope to win. But what if the main idea is not so obvious? Sometimes, the main idea is shown implicitly. In those cases, you have to find the main idea by determining what the majority of details in the paragraph or section are about. Example: The first step to making a pie is to make the dough. While the dough is chilling, you can make your filling. Next, roll out the dough and bake it a little bit. Finally, add the filling and bake your pie. None of these sentences say explicitly what the main idea is. However, every single sentence is about how to make a pie. That is the main idea of this text. WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS? Supporting details provide information to clarify, prove, or explain the main idea. These details demonstrate the validity of the main idea. They often list parts, aspects, steps, or examples of the main idea. Example: Every year, hundreds of children prepare to compete in the Scripps Spelling Bee. Along with their family members, these would-be competitors memorize thousands of dictionary entries. They are hoping to win as much as $52,000. Of course, they are also hoping for bragging rights! Remember: Knowing the main idea and the supporting details is important for writing a summary of a text. A good summary of a nonfiction text includes the main idea, as well as the major contributing details. HOW WILL I END MY ESSAY? Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points Ask a provocative question Use a quotation Evoke a vivid image End with a warning Universalize (compare to other situations) Suggest results or consequence References: Navarro, Criselda,2017. LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES FIRST QUARTER,MODULE 2 DepEd (2016). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Teachers Guide. First Edition. DepEd (2016). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Learners Material. First Edition. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction,2012 – Form DL-I 4|P age