Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics - Lesson 1 PDF

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Understanding the Concepts of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science Lesson 1 Mr. Remson P. De Leoz, LPT HSU, Social Sciences Department Learning Objective: ✔Discuss and understand the nature, d...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Understanding the Concepts of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science Lesson 1 Mr. Remson P. De Leoz, LPT HSU, Social Sciences Department Learning Objective: ✔Discuss and understand the nature, definition, goals, different fields and perspective in/of anthropology, sociology and political science. Change is inevitable; change is constant. - Benjamin Disraeli HOW DID THE PANDEMIC CHANGE YOUR: 1. Way of Life 2. View of the World 3. Priorities in Life 4. Relationships with others Based on what you remember from previous lessons: What is ANTHROPOLOGY?  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science Anthropology is the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space in relation to their physical character, environment, social relation and culture. “anthropologia” – study of humanity (Latin) “anthropos” – human being (Greek)  Anthropology is considered as the father of all behavioral and social sciences. …because it provided basis for its study such as frameworks and principles pertinent to its study (Ember, Ember, & Peregrine, 2014).  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science FRANZ BOAS – A German- American anthropologist known as the Father of Modern Anthropology he focused his study on HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM. July 9, 1858 – December 21. 1942  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM It means that each society is considered to have a unique form of culture and has its own unique historical development.  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science CULTURAL RELATIVISM is the notion that a culture should be understood on its own terms, not by using the standards of another culture.  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT: The concept of RIGHT and WRONG are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs.  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science POLYANDRY: A form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. HIMALAYAN TRIBE WHERE BROTHERS SHARE A WIFE. https://guardian.ng/life/himalayan -tribe-where-brothers-share-a- wife/, 2018  Understanding the Concepts of ANTHROPOLOGY, Sociology and Political Science Anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Ethnography – the research method use by anthropologists. A long term-participant observation. FELIPE LANDA JOCANO (February 5, 1930 – October 27, 2013)  FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY Biological or Physical Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Linguistics or Anthropological Linguistics Archaeology  FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL or PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human Tabon Man origin such as genetics, 14,500 B.C. Skullcap and 29,000 B.C. Jawbones race, evolution, fossils and primates. This is where we 67,000 yr. old observe our ancestors. Foot Bone of Callao Man  FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Study of the living people their religion, social system, language, clothing, food, beliefs and tradition.  FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: LINGUISTICS or ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS The study of language, its evolution, its connection to other languages and other society.  FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGY The study of past human cultures through their tangible and intangible remains. It is the study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGY THE MANUNGGUL JAR A secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Tabon Caves in Palawan. 890-711 BCE FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGY THE MAITUM JARS A secondary anthropomorphic burial jars discovered in 1991 in Ayub Cave, Maitum, Sarangani Province, 5BC- 225AD.  AIMS OF ANTHROPOLOGY 1. Analyze and explain the similarities and difference of man’s culture. 2. Evaluate man’s cultural development based on archaeological records. 3. Analyze biological evolution of man based on fossil records. 4. Explain human biological diversity. Based on what you remember from previous lessons: What is SOCIOLOGY?  Understanding the Concepts of Anthropology, SOCIOLOGY and Political Science Sociology, according to James Henslin (2015), is the scientific study of society and human behavior. Therefore, it is a discipline that studies human social behavior in a scientific manner. As social beings, we gain understanding of how the social world operates and of our place in it.  Understanding the Concepts of Anthropology, SOCIOLOGY and Political Science It came from the French word “sociologie” which means “companion” and the Greek word “ology” meaning “the study of”. ⮚ It was coined and first developed by French philosopher, Auguste Comte. ⮚ Study of social world through scientific methods.  EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS AUGUST COMTE (1798-1857) Known as the Father of Sociology and his Law of Human Progress or Law of Three Stages. RULED OR DOMINATED DOMINATE SOCIAL STAGES TIME PERIOD BY UNIT Theological Stage From the dawn of Priests *phenomenas explained in Family Man Military religious terms Metaphysical Stage Middle Ages Churchmen *phenomenas explained State Renaissance Lawyers/bankers philosophically Positive Stage Industrial Administrators *phenomenas explained Industrialization Society/Race/ Humanity Scientific Moral Guides scientifically  EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903) an English Anthropologist, Sociologist, and Philosopher who advocated Social Darwinist views in his works. He viewed society differently by comparing it to a living organism (Henslin, 2015). Social problems work themselves out to a process known as Survival to the Fittest. The phrase suggests the rich or the successful people are the “fittest” and have been selected by nature. On the other hand, the poor or the unsuccessful people have been doomed by nature to fail.  EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS KARL MARX (1818-1883) a German philosopher and revolutionary contributed further to the development of sociology. Known for his CONFLICT THEORY: Theory that state there is a perpetual class conflict in the society due to the unequal distribution of resources. It focuses on the concept of social inequality in the division of resources and therefore, the conflicts that exist between classes, which will eventually trigger social change.  EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS EMILE DURKHEIM (1864-1920) He was a French sociologist who pioneered scientific method use towards sociology. He proposed the notion of Division of Labor in the Society: It is the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons.  EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS MAX WEBER (1864-1920) He stressed the role of rationalization in the development of society. For Weber, as science began to replace religion, people also adopted a scientific or rational attitude to the world. People refused to believe in myths and superstitious beliefs. He advanced the concept known as VERSTEHEN or empathetic understanding.  GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY 1. Describe the structure, function, pattern, and process of human social behavior. 2. Explain the causes and effects of human social behavior. 3. Predict the development of human social behavior. Based on what you remember from previous lessons: What is POLITICAL SCIENCE?  Understanding the Concepts of Anthropology, Sociology and POLITICAL SCIENCE Political Science is part of the social sciences that deals with the study of politics, power, and government.  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1. International Relations 2. Comparative Politics 3. Political Philosophy 4. Public Policy 5. Public Law  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Deals with the relations between states. Scholars who study international relations try to understand causes of wars, economic dependencies and political alliances between nations.  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE: COMPARATIVE POLITICS It looks at how politics is similar or different between countries. It compares many aspects of politics of one country with the politics of another country.  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE: POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Deals with ideas. It is concerned with the way the state and society ought to be organized and the way citizens ought to behave. Example: The ideas of Socialism, Communism, capitalism etc.  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE: PUBLIC POLICY Deals with making and implementing public policies in certain areas such as public health, public housing, education, agriculture, economy etc. How are public policies made? How are they applied area of social life?  FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE: PUBLIC LAW Concerns with how laws are interpreted and used and how they affect people and social life.  GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1. Make people better citizens. 2. Keep social order and harmony among groups of people. 3. Protect the rights of an individual. 4. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation. REMEMBER: Anthropology is the study of human beings and their ancestors. It focuses on CULTURE. Sociology is the study of social interactions, social life, social change, and social causes and effects. It focuses on SOCIETY. Political Science It is the systematic study of government, politics and political power. It focuses on POLITICS.  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS ANY QUESTIONS? UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS What is the relationship between culture, society, and politics? How does one affect the other? Can you cite situation/s where these relationships can be seen? UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!