Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person PDF

Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person JAKE ANTHONY A. MAJADILLAS Lesson Objectives 1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view 2. reflect on your daily experiences from a partial point of view to holistic point of view and acquires critical and analytical thin...

Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person JAKE ANTHONY A. MAJADILLAS Lesson Objectives 1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view 2. reflect on your daily experiences from a partial point of view to holistic point of view and acquires critical and analytical thinking skills 3. apply this critical and analytical thinking to the affairs of your daily life Introduction to Philosophy 1. What word come to your mind if you hear the word Philosophy? 2. Why do we need to study Philosophy? 3. Is philosophy important to our daily lives? What is Philosophy? ▪ The term “philosophy is an English translation of the Greek word “Philosophia” ▪ comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) ▪ the ancient greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” Where Love is the strong desire of a particular object and wisdom is the correct application of knowledge. What is Philosophy? What is the difference between knowledge and wisdom? Knowledge is knowing that tomato is a fruit. Wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad. Philosophy is asking if ketchup is a fruit shake. What is Philosophy? ▪ A philosopher consequently is lover of wisdom or one who loves wisdom ▪ The term philosopher is used by Pythagoras, the Ancient Greek thinker popularly known for mathematical formula the Pythagorean Theorem. Philosopher literally means wise man or one who knows. What is Philosophy? ▪ they soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things. Common meaning of Philosophy Philosophy is called science because the investigation is systematic and it follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures. Common meaning of Philosophy Philosophy as a Natural Light of Reason because it investigates things, not by using any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of super natural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology; instead the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply human reason alone or so called unaided reason. Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle 1. Principle of Identity- whatever is is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being. It means that each thing is identical with itself. Ex: "a = a" or "For all x: x = x", Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle 2. Principle of Non-Contradiction- it is impossible for a thing to be and not be at the same time, and at the same respect. The law of non-contradiction is a rule of logic. It states that if something is true, then the opposite of it is false. For example, if an animal is a cat, the same animal cannot be a cat. Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle 3. Principle of Excluded Middle- a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or nor be; between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible. Example “The world is flat” you should answer True or False. If you believe the world is flat, then you should answer True if not you should answer False. Principle of Sufficient Reason- nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence. Philosophy as a BODY of KNOWLEDGE because it provides methodologies and insights on how societal questions, such as moral dilemmas of euthanasia or same sex marriage, can be answered. Philosophy as an INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY is an analytic procedure of addressing individual thought process such as resolving conflict and confusion, testing positions, and analyzing beliefs in all instance's, doing philosophy is prescribed by logic, reason and ethics leading to wisdom. Branches of Philosophy A. Metaphysics Came from the Greek words meta and physika, where meta is beyond off after and physika means physical and nature. Subdivided into 2 1. General Metaphysics Ontology Onto means being. Logos means knowledge or study Ontology - studies beings in their ultimate causes, reason and principles through the aid of reason alone. Branches of Philosophy 2. Special Metaphysics Cosmology - Cosmology means it studies the world or universe including its origin, dynamics, and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order. Psychology - Came from the Greek word psyche and Logos means soul and mind and study. Study of the nature and dynamics of the person as a whole with emphasis on the way the persons mind functions and the way she behaves. Theodicy - Came from the Greek word Theos means God. Study of God, it is the justification of the Good ness of God in the face of the existence of evil. Branches of Philosophy ETHICS Came from the Greek Ethos means custom or habit. It is the morality of human actions. It concerns on how human persons ought to act and the search for definition of a right conduct and good life. Branches of Philosophy EPISTEMOLOGY Came from the Greek word Episteme and Logos meaning knowledge and study. Study the nature of knowledge and justified beliefs. It explains the following: How we know what we claim to know How can we find out what we wish to know How can we differentiate truth from falsehood How do we acquire reliable knowledge? Branches of Philosophy EPISTEMOLOGY INDUCTION - On one hand, he sees, hears, and touches; on the other hand, he organizes mind what he learners through the senses. DEDUCTION - Real knowledge is based on Logic, the laws, and the methods that reason develops. The best example of knowledge according to them is Mathematics, a realm of knowledge that is obtained entirely by reason that we use to understand the universe PRAGMATISM - believed that the value in use is the real of truth and meaning. The meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequence Branches of Philosophy LOGIC comes from the Greek word “ logike” – means a treatise on matters pertaining to human thought. The concern is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects. Branches of Philosophy AESTHETICS is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestation including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. To experience aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy Doing philosophy means engaging oneself in matters of utility and methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea. Before engaging in philosophical inquiry, one must be able to distinguish between a holistic and partial point of view. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy What is the difference between Holistic Thinking and Partial Thinking? Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy Looking at the characteristics of holistic and partial points of view, it can be concluded that using a holistic perspective is more reliable in doing philosophy than using a partial perspective. Partial points of view only promote limited knowledge on the situation. This leads to wrong conclusions. Philosophy requires learning to look into all available perspectives and work on their relationship to come up with sound, logical, and valid conclusion. In the process, doing philosophy helps one to develop the skill of broadly looking at the situation first before concluding anything. Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy Importance of Holistic Thinking A holistic perspective can enable a person to step back and consider the general aspects of a certain problem. A holistic view also gives rise to a more appreciative about life, as we are able to look at life in its totality. Enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems. It also improves problem-solving and decision-making. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing. Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development. Application Direction: Give a brief and substantial answer to the following question. Write your answer on a separate paper. 1. Give at least 5 situations where you are adopted a holistic view in looking at a problem or situation. 2. How can having a holistic view help us become better individuals? Quiz Time! Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a separate paper. Quiz Time! Quiz Time! Quiz Time! Quiz Time! Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a separate paper. Quiz Time! Quiz Time! Quiz Time!