Lesson 1 - Computer Fundamentals.pdf

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers Prepared by : Mr. Shelbert Lloyd Duncil Computer Business Applications What is Computer? Computer Business Applications  What is Computer? The word “computer” is comes from the word “TO COMPUTE” means to calculate....

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers Prepared by : Mr. Shelbert Lloyd Duncil Computer Business Applications What is Computer? Computer Business Applications  What is Computer? The word “computer” is comes from the word “TO COMPUTE” means to calculate. A computer is normally considered to be a calculation device which can perform the arithmetic operations very speedily. Computer Business Applications  What is Computer? A computer may be defined as a device which operates upon the data A computer can store, process & retrieve data as and when we desired. Computer Business Applications  What is Computer? The fact that computer process data is so fundamental that many people have started calling as “Data Processor”. Computer Business Applications  What is Computer? Why Data Processor? Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input and transforms it under the influence of a set of special instructions called Programs, to produce the desired output (referred to as Information). Computer Business Applications Definition of a Computer Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Programs ✓ is a set of related instructions written in the language of the computer & is used to make the computer perform a specific task (or, to direct the computer on what to do). Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Data ✓ a collection of raw facts, figures or instructions that do not have much meaning to the user. ✓ Data may be in form of numbers, alphabets/letters or symbols, and can be processed to produce information. Computer Business Applications Definition of a Computer Computer Business Applications Types of Data Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Digital/Discrete Data ✓ Digital data is a combination of numbers 1 or 0. ✓ Computers use digital data to represent data. Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Example: ✓ Digital storage of sound, to represent analogue sound as digital data, the sampling process is used. Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Analog Data ✓ Data that is physically represented. ✓ Analogue data is continuous in nature. It must be represented in physical nature to be processed by the computer. Analogue data is obtained by measurement. Computer Business Applications  Definition of a Computer Example: ✓ E.g. Pressure, Temperature, Humidity, Lengths or currents, etc. The output is in form of smooth graphs from which the data can be read Computer Business Applications Characteristics of a Computer Computer Business Applications  The following are some of the attributes that make computers widely acceptedof&aused Characteristics in the Computer day-to-day activities in our society Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 1) Speed ✓ Computers operate at very high speeds and can perform very many functions within a very short time. They can perform a much-complicated task much faster than a human being. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 1) Speed ✓ While talking about computer speed we do not talk in terms of seconds and milliseconds but in microseconds. ✓ The speed of a computer is usually linked to the technology used to build it. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 2) Accuracy ✓ A computer can work for very long periods without going wrong. However, when an error occurs the computer has a number of in-built, self-checking features in their electronic components that can detect & correct such errors. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 2) Accuracy ✓ Unlike human beings, computers are very accurate, i.e., they never make mistakes. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 3) Reliability ✓ The computer can be relied upon to produce the correct answer if it is given the correct instructions & supplied with the correct data. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 4) Reliability ✓ Therefore, if you want to add two numbers, but by mistake, give the computer a “Multiply” instruction, the computer will not know that you intended to “ADD”; it will multiply the numbers supplied. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 4) Reliability ✓ Therefore, the output produced by a computer is only as reliable as the instructions used & the data supplied. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 4) Consistency ✓ Computers are usually consistent. This means that, given the same data & the same instructions, they will produce the same answer every time that particular process is repeated. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 5) Storage ✓ A computer can store large amounts of data or instructions in a very small space. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 5) Storage ✓ A computer can store data & instructions for later use, and it can produce/ retrieve this data when required so that the user can make use of it. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 5) Storage ✓ Data stored in a computer can be protected from unauthorized individuals through the use of passwords. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 6) Diligence ✓ Unlike human beings, a computer can work continuously without getting tired or bored. Even if it has to do a million calculations, it will do the last one with the same speed and accuracy as the first one. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 7) Automation ✓ A computer is an automatic device. This is because, once given the instructions, it is guided by these instructions and can carry on its job automatically until it is complete. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 7) Automation ✓ It can also perform a variety of jobs as long as there is a well-defined procedure. Computer Business Applications  Characteristics of a Computer 8) Versatile ✓ A computer can be used in different places to perform a large number of different jobs depending on the instructions fed to it. Computer Business Applications The Data Processing Cycle Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle ✓ The data processing cycle is the set of operations used to transform data into useful information. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle ✓ The cycle consists of a series of steps where raw data (input) is fed into a system to produce actionable insights (output). Each step is taken in a specific order, but the entire process is repeated in a cyclic manner. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle ✓ The data processing cycle contains main four functions: Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle ✓Data Input ✓Data Processing ✓Data Storage ✓Data Output Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 1) Data Input ✓ The term input refers to the activities required to record data. ✓ It’s a process to enter data into computer system. ✓ So, before we input any data, it is necessary to check or verify the data context. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 2) Data Processing ✓ The term processing includes the activities like classifying, storing, calculating, comparing or summarizing the data. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 2) Data Processing ✓ In data processing, the computer use techniques to convert the data into meaningful information. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 3) Data Output ✓ It’s a communication function which transmits the information to the outside world. ✓ Any information processed by and sent from a computer or electronic device is considered output. Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 3) Data Output ✓ Sometimes the output also includes the decoding activity which converts the electronically generated information into human readable form Computer Business Applications  The Data Processing Cycle 4) Data Storage ✓ This involves the filling of data & information for future use Computer Business Applications The Data Processing Cycle Computer Business Applications Origins of Computing Machines Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines ABACUS An abacus is a simple counting tool used to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 300 BC by Babylonians around 1200 A.D. in China and Japan Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines ABACUS Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines PASCAL MECHANICAL CALCULATOR Blaise Pascal in 1645 It uses gears and dials to perform basic math operations like addition and subtraction. Birth of the Gear-Based Machines 1600s- 1800s Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines PASCAL MECHANICAL CALCULATOR Image:Arts et Metiers Pascaline dsc03869.jpg Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines PUNCHED CARDS Punched cards are pieces of stiff paper with holes punched in specific patterns. The computer reads the pattern of holes to understand what to do, like a very early and basic form of programming. They were used before digital storage became common. Popular through the 1970’s Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines PUNCHED CARDS Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines Babbage’s Difference Engine Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. (1822) The first difference engine was composed of around 25,000 parts, weighed fifteen tons (13,600 kg), and stood 8 ft (2.4 m) high. Although he received ample funding for the project, it was never completed. Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines Babbage’s Difference Engine Image:BabbageDifferenceEngine.jpg Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines AUGUSTA ADA BYRON Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace (1815-1852) She is known as the "first programmer". The computer language Ada, created by the U.S. Defense Department, was named after Ada Lovelace. Computer Business Applications  Origins of Computing Machines AUGUSTA ADA BYRON Computer Business Applications GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers First Generation 1930’s – Vacuum tubes were used as electronic circuits or electronic switches. Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers First Generation 1946 – ENIAC First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high 3 additions every second, (incredibly slow by today’s standards). Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers ENIAC Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Second Generation - Transistors 1947 - Walter Brittain and William Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Third Generation – Integrated Circuits 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or microchip). Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Third Generation – Integrated Circuits An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged together on a single sliver of silicon. It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the “microchip.” Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Third Generation – Integrated Circuits Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip. 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first microprocessor chip. Intel 4004, 108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor IBM Personal Computer ▪ On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new computer, named the IBM PC ▪ 2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor IBM PC Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Apple Computers ▪ 1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak starts Apple Computer ▪ 1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User Interface (GUI) Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Apple Computers Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Laptops 1981 - Adam Osborne, produced the Osborne 1 Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Laptops 1988 - Compaq laptop with color screen Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Laptops 2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop Computer Business Applications  Generations of Computers Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Laptops 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows laptop Computer Business Applications Classification of Computers Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Super computers Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Super computers ✓ A supercomputer is a very powerful computer that can perform complex calculations much faster than regular computers. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Super computers ✓ They're used for tasks that require a lot of processing power, like weather forecasting, scientific research, and modeling simulations. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Super computers ✓ They're not something you'd use at home. ✓ Scientists and researchers use them for tasks that need a ton of brainpower. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mainframe Computers Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mainframe Computers ✓ A mainframe computer is a big, powerful computer that businesses and organizations use to handle and process a lot of data at once. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mainframe Computers ✓ It’s like a giant, super-reliable workhorse that can manage many tasks at the same time, such as processing millions of transactions or running multiple applications. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mainframe Computers ✓ Mainframes are often used by banks, insurance companies, and governments to store and process huge amounts of information securely and efficiently Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mini Computers Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mini Computers ✓ A minicomputer is like a smaller, less powerful version of a big computer that you might find in a company or school. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Mini Computers ✓ It’s good for handling multiple tasks at once, especially in places like small businesses or research labs. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Micro computers Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Micro Computers ✓ A microcomputer is what most people think of as a regular personal computer, like the one you might have at home or at school. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Micro Computers ✓ It’s called “micro” because it’s small enough to fit on a desk, unlike big computers that take up a whole room. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Micro Computers ✓ These are used for everyday things like browsing the internet, playing games, writing documents, or watching videos. Computer Business Applications  Classification of Computers Micro Computers ✓ Examples include laptops, desktops, tablets, and even smartphones. Computer Business Applications INPUT DEVICES Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Definition ✓ The Input devices are the devices which are used to enter the data in the computer system Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Definition ✓ Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone are the example of input devices Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FUNCTIONS OF INPUT DEVICES ✓ Accept the data from the outside worlds. ✓ Convert that data into computer coded information. ✓ Supply this data to Central Processing Unit for further processing. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Classification of Input Devices GRAPHICS TABLET Computer Business Applications STANDARD INPUT DEVICE Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Standard Input Device : Keyboard ✓ Keyboard is most commonly used input device. ✓ It is similar like a typewriter which is used to enter data in the computer. ✓ It contains sets of keys such as alphabets, number & special signs Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Two Types of Keyboard ✓ General Purpose Keyboard ✓ Special Purpose Keyboard Computer Business Applications  Input Devices General Purpose Keyboard Computer Business Applications  Input Devices General Purpose Keyboard ✓ Standard keyboard which are used in personal computers ✓ It contains enough keys which are used in all types of applications, so they are known as general purpose keyboard Computer Business Applications  Input Devices General Purpose Keyboard ✓ Most popular general-purpose keyboard contains 101 keys. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices General Purpose Keyboard ✓ The general-purpose keyboard are divided into following parts: ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD NUMERIC KEYPAD ARROW KEYS FUNCTION KEYS SPECIAL KEYS Computer Business Applications  Input Devices ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD ✓ The centered part of the keyboard is known as alphanumeric keypad ✓ It contains alphabets, numbers & special signs such as *,!, @, #, $, %,* etc. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD Computer Business Applications  Input Devices NUMERIC KEYPAD ✓ The right most part of the keyboard is known as numeric keypad. ✓ It contains 0 to 9 numbers & mathematical signs such as +, *,-, /. ✓ Mainly used for fast data entry in mathematical applications Computer Business Applications  Input Devices NUMERIC KEYPAD Computer Business Applications  Input Devices ARROW KEYS ✓ Set of four keys up, down, left & right. ✓ Used to move the cursor at left & right or up and down on the screen. ✓ They are referred as “cursor-control” or “cursor-movement” keys. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices ARROW KEYS Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FUNCTION KEYS ✓ The first line of the keyboard contains a set of 12 keys with name F1 to F12 are known as function keys. ✓ Used to generate short-cuts in different software package. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FUNCTION KEYS Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL KEYS ✓ There are lots of keys that are used for some specific task describes follows: ▪ TAB: used for gives multiple spaces or move the cursor to next defined position. ▪ ENTER: used for generate the output of any command. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL KEYS ▪ SPACE: used to make one blank space between two words. ▪ BACKSPACE: used to remove the left-most character at cursor position. ▪ DELETE: used to remove the right-most character at cursor position. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL KEYS ▪ HOME: moves the cursor at the beginning of the line. ▪ END: moves cursor at the end of the line. ▪ PAGE UP: moves or scroll the screen up or previous page of the current page ▪ PAGE DOWN: moves the screen to the next page from the currently displayed page. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL KEYS ▪ PRINT SCREEN: used to print what is currently displayed on the screen. ▪ INSERT: used to enter text between two characters ▪ ESC: used to negate current command or terminate the execution of the program. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL KEYS ▪ ALT AND CTRL: used to expand the functionality of keyboard. Basically, used to generate shortcuts in different application. ▪ NUMLOCK: used toon or off the numeric keypad. ▪ CAPSLOCK: used to type the all-inputted text capitally Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYBOARD ✓ Special purpose keyboard is used for special purpose applications which required faster data entry and rapid interaction with the computer system. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYBOARD ✓ For example, ATM used in banks used special purpose keyboard which contains a few keys. Computer Business Applications POINTING DEVICES Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse ✓ A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of the pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse ✓ It usually contains three or more buttons ✓ Left button is used to point out or select any item by clicking. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse ✓ Right button to generate context menu. ✓ When user moves mouse across flat surface, the graphic cursor moves on screen. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse ✓ Scroll Wheel is a wheel that is located between the two buttons on a mouse. It can be used to scroll up and down through text or images. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Pointing Devices: Mouse Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Trackball ✓ Trackball is a pointing device which is like a mouse. ✓ A ball is placed on the track ball device which is used to move the graphic cursor on the screen. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Trackball Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Trackball ✓ It also contains buttons which are used to select a particular item on the screen. ✓ To move the graphic cursor on screen, the ball is rolled with the fingers or thumb. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices Trackball ✓ It needs not to move the whole device to move the cursor so it is often attached with some keyboards. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices JOYSTICK ✓ Joystick is a pointing device which is works on the same principle of track ball. ✓ It contains a stick which is placed on the spherical ball. ✓ The stick is used to move the cursor at desired position left or right or backward or forward Computer Business Applications  Input Devices JOYSTICK Computer Business Applications  Input Devices JOYSTICK ✓ A joystick is similar to a mouse, except that with a mouse the cursor stops moving as soon as you stop moving the mouse. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN ✓ A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN ✓ It allows the user to choose from available options by simply touching with their figure to the desired icon or menu item displayed on the computer screen. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN ✓ Touch screens are common in devices such as computers, tablet computers & Smartphone. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN ✓ The touch screen has two main attributes: ▪ First, it enables one to interact directly with what is displayed Computer Business Applications  Input Devices TOUCH SCREEN ✓ The touch screen has two main attributes: ▪ Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device that would need to be held in the hand Computer Business Applications  Input Devices GRAPHICS TABLET ✓ is a computer input device that enables a user to hand draw or paint images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws pictures with a pencil and paper by hand. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices GRAPHICS TABLET Computer Business Applications  Input Devices GRAPHICS TABLET ✓ is a computer input device that enables a user to hand draw or paint images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws pictures with a pencil and paper by hand. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices GRAPHICS TABLET ✓ STYLUS is a small pen-shaped instrument whose tip position on a computer monitor can be detected Computer Business Applications  Input Devices MICROPHONE ✓ Used to store the voice data into the computer system ✓ Microphones convert sound waves into electrical energy. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices MICROPHONE Computer Business Applications  Input Devices MICROPHONE ✓ Microphones enable many types of audio recording devices for purposes including communications of many kinds, as well as music vocals, speech and sound recording. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices WEB CAMERA ✓ A Web Camera or simply called as Webcam is a digital camera that captures video and audio data and transmits it in real-time over the internet. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices WEB CAMERA Computer Business Applications  Input Devices WEB CAMERA ✓ It is commonly used for video conferencing, live streaming, online meetings, and recording videos Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SCANNER ✓ A scanner is an input device which translates paper documents into an electronic format. ✓ The input document may be typed text, pictures, graphics or even handwritten material. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices SCANNER ✓ There are two types of image scanner ▪ Flatbed Scanner ▪ Handheld Scanner Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FLATBED SCANNER ✓ It’s like a Xerox machine which consist of box having a glass plate on its top and a lid to covers the glass plate. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FLATBED SCANNER Computer Business Applications  Input Devices FLATBED SCANNER ✓ The document placed inside the glass plate & light source is situated blow glass plate which moves horizontally from left to write & scanning document line by line. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices HANDHELD SCANNER ✓ It contains a set of light emitting diodes encased in small case which can be conveniently held in hand ✓ To scan a document the scanner is slowly dragged on the document. Computer Business Applications  Input Devices HANDHELD SCANNER Computer Business Applications OUTPUT DEVICES Computer Business Applications  Output Devices OUTPUT DEVICES ✓ Output devices function as data receivers for the computer; that is, they can only receive data sent from the CPU. They are used to know the results of the processes carried out. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices CHARACTERISTICS They are part of the computer hardware and allow the connection between the computer and the user. They translate the information from the computer into a language intelligible to the user. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices CHARACTERISTICS They present information in image, audio, or video format. They are accessible to the user and can be connected to the computer wirelessly or through a cable. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices CHARACTERISTICS They are modernized and updated according to technological development. They are usually classified into audio output devices and image output devices. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices DIFFERENT TYPES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Printer DVD o CD- Monitor ROM Projector Headphones Plotter Sound Card Video Card Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PRINTER The printer is one of the most used output devices by users. Its primary function is to transform a text document or image we can see on the screen to a physical format on paper. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PRINTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of printers are: Inkjet printers are usually the most common, especially in the home environment. They work by distributing ink that shapes the image that appears on the screen on the paper. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices INKJET PRINTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of printers are: Laser printers tend to have a larger size, and companies that use large printing volumes use them. They are powered by toner, and while they provide outstanding sharpness and speed, they come at a premium price. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices LASER PRINTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices MONITOR The monitor is another of the output devices most used by users. Thanks to the monitor, users can view data and images from the computer. The image is made up of pixels that change color to display the images. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices MONITOR Computer Business Applications  Output Devices MONITOR Monitors have evolved and have become less heavy and flatter. This has enabled them to be able to display much sharper images. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of monitors are: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors: These monitors have many pixels of liquid crystal molecules. These crystals allow different amounts and colors of light. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of monitors are: Light Emitting Diode (LED) Monitors: LED Monitors are LED-backlit liquid crystal displays. It is a flat screen that uses light-emitting diodes to emit images. LED screens are also used in billboards and store signs. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Light Emitting Diode (LED) Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of monitors are: Touch Screen Monitors: Touch screens dominate the market today. This type of screen is the basis of all the computers and tablets we use daily. A monitor with a touch screen allows the input of data, information, and orders to the device by direct touch on its surface. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Touch Screen Monitors Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of monitors are: Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Monitors: They use an organic compound layer that emits light when electrically stimulated. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Organic Light-Emitting Diode Computer Business Applications  Output Devices The most popular types of monitors are: Since the pixels provide the image’s lighting, they give a much higher image quality, especially in contrast, since the panel does not have to simulate black color. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PROJECTORS A projector is an output device that works by projecting a presentation of images or videos on a projection screen. The information is received directly from the computer, and the projector acts as a transmitter. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PROJECTOR Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of Projectors: Digital Light Processing or DLP projectors: DLP projectors have a compact design and good resolution, although they can lose color accuracy. However, they are the cheapest projectors and most suitable for the domestic environment. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of Projectors: LCD projectors: The image quality on these projectors is much sharper and more realistic. They are suitable for use in organizational data representations. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of Projectors: LED projectors: In this case, the image quality is superior to that of other projectors, with the advantage of having a longer useful life. On the other hand, it is worth noting its low energy consumption. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PLOTTER Plotters are another of the best- known output devices for printing large plans or projects, being one of the printers most used by designers and architects Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PLOTTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of PLOTTERS: Printing Plotter: These plotters offer excellent quality and precision. Their main use is printing real images, large photographs, or posters. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices PRINTING PLOTTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of PLOTTERS: Cutting Plotter: These plotters cut precisely and make incisions or die-cut. They can be cut vertically, horizontally, or rounded. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices CUTTING PLOTTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Different Types of PLOTTERS: Mixed Plotter: Mixed plotters are complete equipment since they allow printing, cutting, and other jobs Computer Business Applications  Output Devices MIXED PLOTTER Computer Business Applications  Output Devices DVD or CD-ROM The DVD or CD-ROM is an output device that allows the user to record and store data. DVD = DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC CD = COMPACT DISC ROM = READ ONLY MEMORY Computer Business Applications  Output Devices DVD or CD-ROM Computer Business Applications  Output Devices DVD or CD-ROM Its outstanding functions include: Stores data Provides a backup in case the computer’s hard drive fails Serves as a program installation point Plays music, pictures, or videos Computer Business Applications  Output Devices HEADPHONES Headphones reproduce the sound from the computer, which can be any audio file. They are small-size peripherals that connect to the computer wirelessly or through a cable. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices HEADPHONES Computer Business Applications  Output Devices HEADPHONES Its outstanding functions include: Communication with other users through online games since they have an integrated microphone. Communication with other users using services like Google Meet and Zoom. Listen to music. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices HEADPHONES Its outstanding functions include: View multimedia content by enjoying the sound through headphones. Although most headphones work via a wired connection, many have begun to go without and use Bluetooth technology. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices SOUNDCARDS The sound card controls the output of sound signals, allowing devices such as speakers and headphones to function. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices SOUNDCARD Computer Business Applications  Output Devices SOUNDCARDS The sound card is an expansion card, meaning it can be added to the motherboard. Although a sound card is not essential for basic computer functionality, you need one to play games, watch movies, listen to music, and use audio and video conferencing. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Video Card Like a sound card, a video card is also an expansion card that you can insert into the motherboard. The video card processes images and video, allowing the images to appear on a screen. Computer Business Applications  Output Devices VIDEOCARD Computer Business Applications  Output Devices Video Card Like a sound card, a video card is also an expansion card that you can insert into the motherboard. The video card processes images and video, allowing the images to appear on a screen. Computer Business Applications Is there any Question? Computer Business Applications Thank You! Computer Business Applications